Dear Edvard<br><br>Regarding the yeast supplementation we have been talking about my coleague has responded with some crude numbers: The biogas yield has increased with the yeast supplementation in the renge of 100 l of biogas / kg of added COD.<br>
<br>The maxiumum concentration of yeast effluent the UASB reactor was 1 vol%, as the overflow of the methanogenic biomass from was noticed in the UASB outflow at higher concentrations. CSTR.wise, these concentrations are normally higher, as are the retention times.<br>
<br>BR, Gasan<br><br><br><div class="gmail_quote">On 6 October 2010 11:26, <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:digestion-request@lists.bioenergylists.org">digestion-request@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>></span> wrote:<br>
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Today's Topics:<br>
<br>
1. Re: 1. Re: Inoculation for Small Digesters (Alexander Eaton)<br>
2. Re: Attachment to previous Article - More scientific based<br>
research and questions (Anand Karve)<br>
3. Re: size and cost of a small domestic biogas plant (Duncan Martin)<br>
4. Re: Eliminating Sulfides. (Igor ?krjanec)<br>
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----------------------------------------------------------------------<br>
<br>
Message: 1<br>
Date: Tue, 5 Oct 2010 10:45:18 -0600<br>
From: Alexander Eaton <<a href="mailto:alex@sistemabiobolsa.com">alex@sistemabiobolsa.com</a>><br>
To: For discussion of Anaerobic Digestion<br>
<<a href="mailto:digestion@listserv.repp.org">digestion@listserv.repp.org</a>><br>
Subject: Re: [Digestion] 1. Re: Inoculation for Small Digesters<br>
Message-ID:<br>
<<a href="mailto:AANLkTikAsjbvk4LOv5GLvgPkz9rt0Xop6OBUUqdDpnye@mail.gmail.com">AANLkTikAsjbvk4LOv5GLvgPkz9rt0Xop6OBUUqdDpnye@mail.gmail.com</a>><br>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"<br>
<br>
Thanks Peter. This is how this thread started: we use paunch manure from<br>
the first unit, but it is a stinky job, and not super easy to transport.<br>
This is only an issue as we are ramping our installations up to 5-10 per<br>
week. I was hoping to find a comparably effective method that maybe<br>
cultured the same bacteria, or at least concentrated the stomach material.<br>
Any thoughts?<br>
<br>
A<br>
<br>
On Mon, Oct 4, 2010 at 5:56 AM, P M Allison <<a href="mailto:pmallison@optusnet.com.au">pmallison@optusnet.com.au</a>>wrote:<br>
<br>
> For an excellent AD starter culture I have used the contents of a freshly<br>
> slaughtered cow's stomach, preferably the first unit which contains the<br>
> methano-bacteria, rather than the others.<br>
> I have also trialed septic tank biological cultures in dried and pelleted<br>
> forms as long as anaerobes are part of the cultural mix.<br>
> Peter.<br>
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> Beginner's Guide to Biogas<br>
> <a href="http://www.adelaide.edu.au/biogas/" target="_blank">http://www.adelaide.edu.au/biogas/</a><br>
> Biogas Wiki <a href="http://biogas.wikispaces.com/" target="_blank">http://biogas.wikispaces.com/</a><br>
> <a href="http://info.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">http://info.bioenergylists.org</a><br>
><br>
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<br>
--<br>
Alexander Eaton<br>
Sistema Biobolsa<br>
IRRI-Mexico<br>
<br>
Mex cel: (55) 11522786<br>
US cel: 970 275 4505<br>
<br>
<a href="mailto:alex@sistemabiobolsa.com">alex@sistemabiobolsa.com</a><br>
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<a href="http://sistemabiobolsa.com" target="_blank">sistemabiobolsa.com</a><br>
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------------------------------<br>
<br>
Message: 2<br>
Date: Wed, 6 Oct 2010 08:47:18 +0800<br>
From: Anand Karve <<a href="mailto:adkarve@gmail.com">adkarve@gmail.com</a>><br>
To: <a href="mailto:paul.harris@adelaide.edu.au">paul.harris@adelaide.edu.au</a>, For Discussion of Anaerobic Digestion<br>
<<a href="mailto:digestion@lists.bioenergylists.org">digestion@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>><br>
Subject: Re: [Digestion] Attachment to previous Article - More<br>
scientific based research and questions<br>
Message-ID:<br>
<<a href="mailto:AANLkTikiegvQRR3HowhYq5PM6hXsws%2BvrR6bH57PXCCo@mail.gmail.com">AANLkTikiegvQRR3HowhYq5PM6hXsws+vrR6bH57PXCCo@mail.gmail.com</a>><br>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="windows-1252"<br>
<br>
Dear Hooroo,<br>
our ARTI biogas system produces about 800 litres or 0.8 cubic meters biogas<br>
from 1 kg (dry weight) of food waste. It takes about 500 litres (0.5 cubic<br>
m) to generate one kW electricity, if one uses an internal combustion engine<br>
to drive the generator. The article reproduced by you says that 3 tons of<br>
food waste produces enough power to provide electricity to 25 houses for a<br>
day. Assuming that the food waste mentioned in the article has about 50%<br>
water, the three tons are reduced to a dry weight of 1.5 tons, which would<br>
produce, in a single phase ARTI biogas plant, about 1,200,000 litres or 1200<br>
cubic meters of biogas, enough to generate about 2400 kW electricity. It is<br>
unfortunate that the article reproduced by you does not give figures, but I<br>
thnk that with food waste as rqw material, the ARTI biogas system might turn<br>
out to be more efficient in converting food waste into biogas. There are<br>
also factual mistakes in the article reproduced by you. It says that there<br>
are no methane producing bacteria in the human gut. This is not true. The<br>
methanogens are found in the guts of all animals. I also question the<br>
concept of a series of organisms converting cellulose to starch to sugar to<br>
organic acids to acetic acid to methane. An organism needs extra-cellular<br>
digestion only in the case of cellulose. Once it gets converted into<br>
glucose, it is taken into the cell and metabolised to the end by one and the<br>
same micro-organism.<br>
Yours<br>
A.D.Karve<br>
<br>
On Wed, Oct 6, 2010 at 6:08 AM, Paul Harris <<a href="mailto:paul.harris@adelaide.edu.au">paul.harris@adelaide.edu.au</a>>wrote:<br>
<br>
> G?day All,<br>
><br>
><br>
><br>
> A couple of people have asked for the attachment to an article I reposted<br>
> for Dhanesh Kumar [<a href="mailto:daquab4u@gmail.com">daquab4u@gmail.com</a>]. I left it off thinking it had<br>
> exceeded the Listserver size limit but will try again.<br>
><br>
><br>
><br>
> Happy Digesting,<br>
><br>
> HOOROO<br>
> Turning Trash Into Power<br>
> Biological Engineers Generate Natural Gas with Bacteria<br>
><br>
> *October 1, 2006* ? A new kind of waste digester uses two different<br>
> strains of bacteria in different tanks. This would normally take place in<br>
> the same environment, but microbiologists have now separated it into two<br>
> stages that increases natural-gas production. The technology increases<br>
> efficiency and can turn three tons of food scraps into enough energy to<br>
> power 25 homes for a day.<br>
> ------------------------------<br>
><br>
> *See also:*<br>
><br>
> *Plants & Animals* <<a href="http://www.sciencedaily.com/news/plants_animals/" target="_blank">http://www.sciencedaily.com/news/plants_animals/</a>><br>
><br>
> - Extreme Survival<<a href="http://www.sciencedaily.com/news/plants_animals/extreme_survival/" target="_blank">http://www.sciencedaily.com/news/plants_animals/extreme_survival/</a>><br>
> - Bacteria <<a href="http://www.sciencedaily.com/news/plants_animals/bacteria/" target="_blank">http://www.sciencedaily.com/news/plants_animals/bacteria/</a>><br>
><br>
> *Earth & Climate* <<a href="http://www.sciencedaily.com/news/earth_climate/" target="_blank">http://www.sciencedaily.com/news/earth_climate/</a>><br>
><br>
> - Energy and the Environment<<a href="http://www.sciencedaily.com/news/earth_climate/energy/" target="_blank">http://www.sciencedaily.com/news/earth_climate/energy/</a>><br>
> - Renewable Energy<<a href="http://www.sciencedaily.com/news/earth_climate/renewable_energy/" target="_blank">http://www.sciencedaily.com/news/earth_climate/renewable_energy/</a>><br>
><br>
> *Matter & Energy* <<a href="http://www.sciencedaily.com/news/matter_energy/" target="_blank">http://www.sciencedaily.com/news/matter_energy/</a>><br>
><br>
> - Electricity<<a href="http://www.sciencedaily.com/news/matter_energy/electricity/" target="_blank">http://www.sciencedaily.com/news/matter_energy/electricity/</a>><br>
> - Organic Chemistry<<a href="http://www.sciencedaily.com/news/matter_energy/organic_chemistry/" target="_blank">http://www.sciencedaily.com/news/matter_energy/organic_chemistry/</a>><br>
><br>
> *Reference* <<a href="http://www.sciencedaily.com/articles/" target="_blank">http://www.sciencedaily.com/articles/</a>><br>
><br>
> - Biodegradation<<a href="http://www.sciencedaily.com/articles/b/biodegradation.htm" target="_blank">http://www.sciencedaily.com/articles/b/biodegradation.htm</a>><br>
> - Waste management<<a href="http://www.sciencedaily.com/articles/w/waste_management.htm" target="_blank">http://www.sciencedaily.com/articles/w/waste_management.htm</a>><br>
> - Biomass <<a href="http://www.sciencedaily.com/articles/b/biomass.htm" target="_blank">http://www.sciencedaily.com/articles/b/biomass.htm</a>><br>
> - Sewage treatment<<a href="http://www.sciencedaily.com/articles/s/sewage_treatment.htm" target="_blank">http://www.sciencedaily.com/articles/s/sewage_treatment.htm</a>><br>
><br>
> DAVIS, Calif. -- There's a new twist on the old adage, one man's trash is<br>
> another man's treasure. Now that trash may be another man's power.<br>
> Researchers in California are turning garbage into bio-gas that may one day<br>
> provide the electricity in your home.<br>
><br>
> Trash could soon be powering your home. A new digester can transform it<br>
> into energy. It uses two strains of bacteria to convert waste into bio-gas.<br>
> Most digesters store both bacteria in the same tank, which makes the process<br>
> unpredictable and slow. But not this digester.<br>
><br>
> "Zhang's process takes the two bacteria and separates them into two<br>
> separate environments," Dave Konwinski, the director of OnSite Power Systems<br>
> in Davis, Calif., tells DBIS.<br>
><br>
> This new and improved digester is the brain child of Biological Engineer<br>
> Ruihong Zhang. She and her students at UC Davis first built its prototype in<br>
> the lab. She's thrilled her new technology is being put to use in the real<br>
> world.<br>
><br>
> "It's a new technology ... So it's like a child grow into adult," she says.<br>
><br>
><br>
> The digester will turn three tons of food scraps into energy for 25 houses<br>
> a day. But it's not just for homes. The digester could be especially useful<br>
> to fuel processing plants. It s scheduled to be up and running this fall.<br>
> OnSite Power Systems plans to market it in several states in the next couple<br>
> of years, including California, Wisconsin and Minnesota.<br>
><br>
> "We can actually scale a digester to fit their current operations, fill it<br>
> right at their operations, take the waste stream into the digester, and the<br>
> energy right back into the plant," Konwinski says. "It will make a<br>
> substantial dent in our current energy requirement for petroleum."<br>
><br>
> It's a win-win-win situation for the environment, industry and consumers.<br>
><br>
> *BACKGROUND:* Environmental engineers at the University of California,<br>
> Davis, are building a full-scale anaerobic digester that can convert any<br>
> type of solid organic waste into electricity -- even leftovers from<br>
> restaurants. The system is part of the $100,000 Sacramento Municipal Utility<br>
> District (SMUD pilot project), but an even larger digester system is being<br>
> put into place in San Francisco.<br>
><br>
> *HOW IT WORKS:* In the process, food waste is collected from restaurants<br>
> and institutions and then fed to bacteria that thrive in low-oxygen<br>
> environments. It's called anaerobic digestion, a naturally occurring process<br>
> of decomposition. One type of bacteria turns carbohydrates into simple<br>
> sugars, amino acids and fatty acids. A second group of bacteria eats those<br>
> compounds and turns them into hydrogen gas, carbon dioxide, and acetic acid<br>
> -- the primary component of vinegar. Then a third group of bacteria takes<br>
> those broken-down compounds and turns them into methane and carbon dioxide.<br>
> Between 60 and 80 percent becomes methane. The methane can be used as fuel<br>
> for an internal combustion engine that provides electricity.<br>
><br>
> *TYPES OF DIGESTION:* Anaerobic digestion is not the same thing as human<br>
> digestion, since the type of bacteria that produce methane don't live in the<br>
> human digestive tract. Industrial anaerobic digesters can also harness this<br>
> natural process to treat waste, provide heat, and increase nutrients in<br>
> soil. They are most commonly used for sewage treatment and for managing<br>
> animal waste.<br>
><br>
> *BENEFITS:* The goal of SMUD is to obtain 20 percent of its electricity<br>
> from renewable sources such as wind, solar, and biodegradable matter by<br>
> 2011. Currently SMUD derives 10 percent of its electricity from renewable<br>
> sources, of which biomass accounts for 2.5 percent. The UC-Davis digester<br>
> would keep food and other biodegradable waste out of landfills; food<br>
> leftovers account for 18 percent of a landfill's contents. One tone of<br>
> leftover food can produce enough fuel to power 18 homes for one day.<br>
><br>
> *WHAT ARE EXTREMOPHILES?* An extremophile is any microbe that thrives in<br>
> extreme conditions, such as temperature (extreme heat or cold), pressure,<br>
> salinity, low oxygen environments, or high concentrations of hostile<br>
> chemicals. Most extremophiles belong to a class known as archaeobacteria,<br>
> but certain species of worm, crustacean and krill can also be considered<br>
> extremophiles.<br>
><br>
> *The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.<<a href="http://www.ieeeusa.org/" target="_blank">http://www.ieeeusa.org/</a>>,<br>
> contributed to the information contained in the TV portion of this report.<br>
> *<br>
><br>
><br>
><br>
> [image: <a href="http://www.sciencedaily.com/images/ivanhoe.gif" target="_blank">http://www.sciencedaily.com/images/ivanhoe.gif</a>]<<a href="http://www.ivanhoe.com/ftk" target="_blank">http://www.ivanhoe.com/ftk</a>><br>
><br>
> *Note:** This story and accompanying video were originally produced for<br>
> the American Institute of Physics series Discoveries and Breakthroughs in<br>
> Science <<a href="http://www.aip.org/dbis/" target="_blank">http://www.aip.org/dbis/</a>> by Ivanhoe Broadcast News and are<br>
> protected by copyright law. All rights reserved.*<br>
><br>
><br>
><br>
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> <a href="http://www.kpl.com" target="_blank">www.kpl.com</a><<a href="http://googleads.g.doubleclick.net/aclk?sa=l&ai=BCoQEJQyqTLzTOpLNcJDZrIUD8PnWzwG45qvnEsCNtwHA7RoQARgBINKg9AEoCDgAUOry5pQEYOWi5YOsDrIBFHd3dy5zY2llbmNlZGFpbHkuY29tyAEB2gFJaHR0cDovL3d3dy5zY2llbmNlZGFpbHkuY29tL3ZpZGVvcy8yMDA2LzEwMDItdHVybmluZ190cmFzaF9pbnRvX3Bvd2VyLmh0bYACAagDAegDlAXoA5EF6APpAegDDOgDuAP1AwAEAEU&num=1&sig=AGiWqtyu-q25rITykg51Cs6ZSxnlkf_Ahg&client=ca-pub-1787672658759074&adurl=http://www.kpl.com/catalog/categories.cfm%3FCatalog_ID%3D17%26Category_ID%3D497" target="_blank">http://googleads.g.doubleclick.net/aclk?sa=l&ai=BCoQEJQyqTLzTOpLNcJDZrIUD8PnWzwG45qvnEsCNtwHA7RoQARgBINKg9AEoCDgAUOry5pQEYOWi5YOsDrIBFHd3dy5zY2llbmNlZGFpbHkuY29tyAEB2gFJaHR0cDovL3d3dy5zY2llbmNlZGFpbHkuY29tL3ZpZGVvcy8yMDA2LzEwMDItdHVybmluZ190cmFzaF9pbnRvX3Bvd2VyLmh0bYACAagDAegDlAXoA5EF6APpAegDDOgDuAP1AwAEAEU&num=1&sig=AGiWqtyu-q25rITykg51Cs6ZSxnlkf_Ahg&client=ca-pub-1787672658759074&adurl=http://www.kpl.com/catalog/categories.cfm%3FCatalog_ID%3D17%26Category_ID%3D497</a>><br>
><br>
> *Caterpillar Power Plants<<a href="http://googleads.g.doubleclick.net/aclk?sa=l&ai=BJGjnJQyqTLzTOpLNcJDZrIUDpK6S5wGuvcmjDMCNtwHgmBcQAhgCINKg9AEoCDgAUJOChtX4_____wFg5aLlg6wOsgEUd3d3LnNjaWVuY2VkYWlseS5jb23IAQHaAUlodHRwOi8vd3d3LnNjaWVuY2VkYWlseS5jb20vdmlkZW9zLzIwMDYvMTAwMi10dXJuaW5nX3RyYXNoX2ludG9fcG93ZXIuaHRtyAK2h5UMqAMB6AOUBegDkQXoA-kB6AMM6AO4A_UDAAQARQ&num=2&sig=AGiWqtyVcxDzJNoChkjkCMYk4Jy0EQJI1Q&client=ca-pub-1787672658759074&adurl=http://www.catpowerplants.com/opt/sweeps.asp%3Fs%3DO3WQATCM%26src" target="_blank">http://googleads.g.doubleclick.net/aclk?sa=l&ai=BJGjnJQyqTLzTOpLNcJDZrIUDpK6S5wGuvcmjDMCNtwHgmBcQAhgCINKg9AEoCDgAUJOChtX4_____wFg5aLlg6wOsgEUd3d3LnNjaWVuY2VkYWlseS5jb23IAQHaAUlodHRwOi8vd3d3LnNjaWVuY2VkYWlseS5jb20vdmlkZW9zLzIwMDYvMTAwMi10dXJuaW5nX3RyYXNoX2ludG9fcG93ZXIuaHRtyAK2h5UMqAMB6AOUBegDkQXoA-kB6AMM6AO4A_UDAAQARQ&num=2&sig=AGiWqtyVcxDzJNoChkjkCMYk4Jy0EQJI1Q&client=ca-pub-1787672658759074&adurl=http://www.catpowerplants.com/opt/sweeps.asp%3Fs%3DO3WQATCM%26src</a>><br>
> *<br>
> From 2.8 to Over 100MW, Turnkey Services And Engineered Equipment<br>
> <a href="http://www.catpowerplants.com" target="_blank">www.catpowerplants.com</a><<a href="http://googleads.g.doubleclick.net/aclk?sa=l&ai=BJGjnJQyqTLzTOpLNcJDZrIUDpK6S5wGuvcmjDMCNtwHgmBcQAhgCINKg9AEoCDgAUJOChtX4_____wFg5aLlg6wOsgEUd3d3LnNjaWVuY2VkYWlseS5jb23IAQHaAUlodHRwOi8vd3d3LnNjaWVuY2VkYWlseS5jb20vdmlkZW9zLzIwMDYvMTAwMi10dXJuaW5nX3RyYXNoX2ludG9fcG93ZXIuaHRtyAK2h5UMqAMB6AOUBegDkQXoA-kB6AMM6AO4A_UDAAQARQ&num=2&sig=AGiWqtyVcxDzJNoChkjkCMYk4Jy0EQJI1Q&client=ca-pub-1787672658759074&adurl=http://www.catpowerplants.com/opt/sweeps.asp%3Fs%3DO3WQATCM%26src" target="_blank">http://googleads.g.doubleclick.net/aclk?sa=l&ai=BJGjnJQyqTLzTOpLNcJDZrIUDpK6S5wGuvcmjDMCNtwHgmBcQAhgCINKg9AEoCDgAUJOChtX4_____wFg5aLlg6wOsgEUd3d3LnNjaWVuY2VkYWlseS5jb23IAQHaAUlodHRwOi8vd3d3LnNjaWVuY2VkYWlseS5jb20vdmlkZW9zLzIwMDYvMTAwMi10dXJuaW5nX3RyYXNoX2ludG9fcG93ZXIuaHRtyAK2h5UMqAMB6AOUBegDkQXoA-kB6AMM6AO4A_UDAAQARQ&num=2&sig=AGiWqtyVcxDzJNoChkjkCMYk4Jy0EQJI1Q&client=ca-pub-1787672658759074&adurl=http://www.catpowerplants.com/opt/sweeps.asp%3Fs%3DO3WQATCM%26src</a>><br>
><br>
> *Renewable Energy<<a href="http://googleads.g.doubleclick.net/aclk?sa=l&ai=BzuqEJQyqTLzTOpLNcJDZrIUDrPS34QH8mZbnE8CNtwGgjQYQAxgDINKg9AEoCDgAUJP7hsj9_____wFg5aLlg6wOsgEUd3d3LnNjaWVuY2VkYWlseS5jb23IAQHaAUlodHRwOi8vd3d3LnNjaWVuY2VkYWlseS5jb20vdmlkZW9zLzIwMDYvMTAwMi10dXJuaW5nX3RyYXNoX2ludG9fcG93ZXIuaHRtqQKSkxW80v22PsgC9KyMF6gDAegDlAXoA5EF6APpAegDDOgDuAP1AwAEAEU&num=3&sig=AGiWqtxRtTbiS9qCSy19ZwNRFpvXQcM82g&client=ca-pub-1787672658759074&adurl=http://knowledge.allianz.com/en/globalissues/energy_co2/renewable_energy/schmuck_renewable_solar_panel_building_electricity.html%3Futm_source%3Dgoogle%26utm_medium%3Dcpc%26utm_term%3Drenewable%2520energy%2520wind_Exact%26utm_campaign%3DAllianz%2520Knowledge%2520-%2520Energy%2520and%2520CO2" target="_blank">http://googleads.g.doubleclick.net/aclk?sa=l&ai=BzuqEJQyqTLzTOpLNcJDZrIUDrPS34QH8mZbnE8CNtwGgjQYQAxgDINKg9AEoCDgAUJP7hsj9_____wFg5aLlg6wOsgEUd3d3LnNjaWVuY2VkYWlseS5jb23IAQHaAUlodHRwOi8vd3d3LnNjaWVuY2VkYWlseS5jb20vdmlkZW9zLzIwMDYvMTAwMi10dXJuaW5nX3RyYXNoX2ludG9fcG93ZXIuaHRtqQKSkxW80v22PsgC9KyMF6gDAegDlAXoA5EF6APpAegDDOgDuAP1AwAEAEU&num=3&sig=AGiWqtxRtTbiS9qCSy19ZwNRFpvXQcM82g&client=ca-pub-1787672658759074&adurl=http://knowledge.allianz.com/en/globalissues/energy_co2/renewable_energy/schmuck_renewable_solar_panel_building_electricity.html%3Futm_source%3Dgoogle%26utm_medium%3Dcpc%26utm_term%3Drenewable%2520energy%2520wind_Exact%26utm_campaign%3DAllianz%2520Knowledge%2520-%2520Energy%2520and%2520CO2</a>><br>
> *<br>
> Deepen your knowledge about the energy sources of the future.<br>
> <a href="http://knowledge.allianz.com/energy-future" target="_blank">knowledge.allianz.com/energy-future</a><<a href="http://googleads.g.doubleclick.net/aclk?sa=l&ai=BzuqEJQyqTLzTOpLNcJDZrIUDrPS34QH8mZbnE8CNtwGgjQYQAxgDINKg9AEoCDgAUJP7hsj9_____wFg5aLlg6wOsgEUd3d3LnNjaWVuY2VkYWlseS5jb23IAQHaAUlodHRwOi8vd3d3LnNjaWVuY2VkYWlseS5jb20vdmlkZW9zLzIwMDYvMTAwMi10dXJuaW5nX3RyYXNoX2ludG9fcG93ZXIuaHRtqQKSkxW80v22PsgC9KyMF6gDAegDlAXoA5EF6APpAegDDOgDuAP1AwAEAEU&num=3&sig=AGiWqtxRtTbiS9qCSy19ZwNRFpvXQcM82g&client=ca-pub-1787672658759074&adurl=http://knowledge.allianz.com/en/globalissues/energy_co2/renewable_energy/schmuck_renewable_solar_panel_building_electricity.html%3Futm_source%3Dgoogle%26utm_medium%3Dcpc%26utm_term%3Drenewable%2520energy%2520wind_Exact%26utm_campaign%3DAllianz%2520Knowledge%2520-%2520Energy%2520and%2520CO2" target="_blank">http://googleads.g.doubleclick.net/aclk?sa=l&ai=BzuqEJQyqTLzTOpLNcJDZrIUDrPS34QH8mZbnE8CNtwGgjQYQAxgDINKg9AEoCDgAUJP7hsj9_____wFg5aLlg6wOsgEUd3d3LnNjaWVuY2VkYWlseS5jb23IAQHaAUlodHRwOi8vd3d3LnNjaWVuY2VkYWlseS5jb20vdmlkZW9zLzIwMDYvMTAwMi10dXJuaW5nX3RyYXNoX2ludG9fcG93ZXIuaHRtqQKSkxW80v22PsgC9KyMF6gDAegDlAXoA5EF6APpAegDDOgDuAP1AwAEAEU&num=3&sig=AGiWqtxRtTbiS9qCSy19ZwNRFpvXQcM82g&client=ca-pub-1787672658759074&adurl=http://knowledge.allianz.com/en/globalissues/energy_co2/renewable_energy/schmuck_renewable_solar_panel_building_electricity.html%3Futm_source%3Dgoogle%26utm_medium%3Dcpc%26utm_term%3Drenewable%2520energy%2520wind_Exact%26utm_campaign%3DAllianz%2520Knowledge%2520-%2520Energy%2520and%2520CO2</a>><br>
><br>
> *Green Fuels - Biodiesel<<a href="http://googleads.g.doubleclick.net/aclk?sa=l&ai=B8LTFJQyqTLzTOpLNcJDZrIUD5pnH1QG6ouvFC8CNtwGA8QQQBBgEINKg9AEoCDgAUMWBlbj______wFg5aLlg6wOsgEUd3d3LnNjaWVuY2VkYWlseS5jb23IAQHaAUlodHRwOi8vd3d3LnNjaWVuY2VkYWlseS5jb20vdmlkZW9zLzIwMDYvMTAwMi10dXJuaW5nX3RyYXNoX2ludG9fcG93ZXIuaHRtgAIBqQJVQKDCOJC6PqgDAegDlAXoA5EF6APpAegDDOgDuAP1AwAEAEU&num=4&sig=AGiWqtzDfYmhQIAUn4uZhP6UNZfgexYNGA&client=ca-pub-1787672658759074&adurl=http://www.greenfuels.co.uk" target="_blank">http://googleads.g.doubleclick.net/aclk?sa=l&ai=B8LTFJQyqTLzTOpLNcJDZrIUD5pnH1QG6ouvFC8CNtwGA8QQQBBgEINKg9AEoCDgAUMWBlbj______wFg5aLlg6wOsgEUd3d3LnNjaWVuY2VkYWlseS5jb23IAQHaAUlodHRwOi8vd3d3LnNjaWVuY2VkYWlseS5jb20vdmlkZW9zLzIwMDYvMTAwMi10dXJuaW5nX3RyYXNoX2ludG9fcG93ZXIuaHRtgAIBqQJVQKDCOJC6PqgDAegDlAXoA5EF6APpAegDDOgDuAP1AwAEAEU&num=4&sig=AGiWqtzDfYmhQIAUn4uZhP6UNZfgexYNGA&client=ca-pub-1787672658759074&adurl=http://www.greenfuels.co.uk</a>><br>
> *<br>
> Safe, reliable, automated home and commercial biodiesel processors<br>
> <a href="http://www.greenfuels.co.uk" target="_blank">www.greenfuels.co.uk</a><<a href="http://googleads.g.doubleclick.net/aclk?sa=l&ai=B8LTFJQyqTLzTOpLNcJDZrIUD5pnH1QG6ouvFC8CNtwGA8QQQBBgEINKg9AEoCDgAUMWBlbj______wFg5aLlg6wOsgEUd3d3LnNjaWVuY2VkYWlseS5jb23IAQHaAUlodHRwOi8vd3d3LnNjaWVuY2VkYWlseS5jb20vdmlkZW9zLzIwMDYvMTAwMi10dXJuaW5nX3RyYXNoX2ludG9fcG93ZXIuaHRtgAIBqQJVQKDCOJC6PqgDAegDlAXoA5EF6APpAegDDOgDuAP1AwAEAEU&num=4&sig=AGiWqtzDfYmhQIAUn4uZhP6UNZfgexYNGA&client=ca-pub-1787672658759074&adurl=http://www.greenfuels.co.uk" target="_blank">http://googleads.g.doubleclick.net/aclk?sa=l&ai=B8LTFJQyqTLzTOpLNcJDZrIUD5pnH1QG6ouvFC8CNtwGA8QQQBBgEINKg9AEoCDgAUMWBlbj______wFg5aLlg6wOsgEUd3d3LnNjaWVuY2VkYWlseS5jb23IAQHaAUlodHRwOi8vd3d3LnNjaWVuY2VkYWlseS5jb20vdmlkZW9zLzIwMDYvMTAwMi10dXJuaW5nX3RyYXNoX2ludG9fcG93ZXIuaHRtgAIBqQJVQKDCOJC6PqgDAegDlAXoA5EF6APpAegDDOgDuAP1AwAEAEU&num=4&sig=AGiWqtzDfYmhQIAUn4uZhP6UNZfgexYNGA&client=ca-pub-1787672658759074&adurl=http://www.greenfuels.co.uk</a>><br>
><br>
> *Waste to Energy<<a href="http://googleads.g.doubleclick.net/aclk?sa=l&ai=Bcti8JQyqTLzTOpLNcJDZrIUDufWgwAGJlP2KFcCNtwGw6gEQBRgFINKg9AEoCDgAUNmB3ZAFYOWi5YOsDrIBFHd3dy5zY2llbmNlZGFpbHkuY29tyAEB2gFJaHR0cDovL3d3dy5zY2llbmNlZGFpbHkuY29tL3ZpZGVvcy8yMDA2LzEwMDItdHVybmluZ190cmFzaF9pbnRvX3Bvd2VyLmh0bakCVUCgwjiQuj6oAwHoA5QF6AORBegD6QHoAwzoA7gD9QMABABF&num=5&sig=AGiWqtxR6iIGICyKNV_V_vPXI3PXBoXdog&client=ca-pub-1787672658759074&adurl=http://www.bauerw2e.com" target="_blank">http://googleads.g.doubleclick.net/aclk?sa=l&ai=Bcti8JQyqTLzTOpLNcJDZrIUDufWgwAGJlP2KFcCNtwGw6gEQBRgFINKg9AEoCDgAUNmB3ZAFYOWi5YOsDrIBFHd3dy5zY2llbmNlZGFpbHkuY29tyAEB2gFJaHR0cDovL3d3dy5zY2llbmNlZGFpbHkuY29tL3ZpZGVvcy8yMDA2LzEwMDItdHVybmluZ190cmFzaF9pbnRvX3Bvd2VyLmh0bakCVUCgwjiQuj6oAwHoA5QF6AORBegD6QHoAwzoA7gD9QMABABF&num=5&sig=AGiWqtxR6iIGICyKNV_V_vPXI3PXBoXdog&client=ca-pub-1787672658759074&adurl=http://www.bauerw2e.com</a>><br>
> *<br>
> Converting waste to energy Turn waste into fuel<br>
> <a href="http://www.bauerw2e.com" target="_blank">www.bauerw2e.com</a><<a href="http://googleads.g.doubleclick.net/aclk?sa=l&ai=Bcti8JQyqTLzTOpLNcJDZrIUDufWgwAGJlP2KFcCNtwGw6gEQBRgFINKg9AEoCDgAUNmB3ZAFYOWi5YOsDrIBFHd3dy5zY2llbmNlZGFpbHkuY29tyAEB2gFJaHR0cDovL3d3dy5zY2llbmNlZGFpbHkuY29tL3ZpZGVvcy8yMDA2LzEwMDItdHVybmluZ190cmFzaF9pbnRvX3Bvd2VyLmh0bakCVUCgwjiQuj6oAwHoA5QF6AORBegD6QHoAwzoA7gD9QMABABF&num=5&sig=AGiWqtxR6iIGICyKNV_V_vPXI3PXBoXdog&client=ca-pub-1787672658759074&adurl=http://www.bauerw2e.com" target="_blank">http://googleads.g.doubleclick.net/aclk?sa=l&ai=Bcti8JQyqTLzTOpLNcJDZrIUDufWgwAGJlP2KFcCNtwGw6gEQBRgFINKg9AEoCDgAUNmB3ZAFYOWi5YOsDrIBFHd3dy5zY2llbmNlZGFpbHkuY29tyAEB2gFJaHR0cDovL3d3dy5zY2llbmNlZGFpbHkuY29tL3ZpZGVvcy8yMDA2LzEwMDItdHVybmluZ190cmFzaF9pbnRvX3Bvd2VyLmh0bakCVUCgwjiQuj6oAwHoA5QF6AORBegD6QHoAwzoA7gD9QMABABF&num=5&sig=AGiWqtxR6iIGICyKNV_V_vPXI3PXBoXdog&client=ca-pub-1787672658759074&adurl=http://www.bauerw2e.com</a>><br>
> Related Stories<br>
> ------------------------------<br>
><br>
> *New 'Digester' Converts Garbage To Energy<<a href="http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2004/10/041012093158.htm" target="_blank">http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2004/10/041012093158.htm</a>><br>
> * (October 12, 2004) ? UC Davis bioenvironmental engineer Ruihong Zhang<br>
> sees a vast untapped resource in lawn clippings, household table scraps and<br>
> other biodegradable materials: enough energy to keep the lights burning in<br>
> ... > *read more*<<a href="http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2004/10/041012093158.htm" target="_blank">http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2004/10/041012093158.htm</a>><br>
><br>
> [image: <a href="http://www.sciencedaily.com/images/2010/04/100414083539-thumb.jpg" target="_blank">http://www.sciencedaily.com/images/2010/04/100414083539-thumb.jpg</a>]<<a href="http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/04/100414083539.htm" target="_blank">http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/04/100414083539.htm</a>><br>
> *New Super Bacterium Doubles Hydrogen Gas Production<<a href="http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/04/100414083539.htm" target="_blank">http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/04/100414083539.htm</a>><br>
> * (April 14, 2010) ? Hydrogen gas is today used primarily for<br>
> manufacturing chemicals, but a bright future is predicted for it as a<br>
> vehicle fuel in combination with fuel cells. In order to produce hydrogen<br>
> gas in a way ... > *read more*<<a href="http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/04/100414083539.htm" target="_blank">http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/04/100414083539.htm</a>><br>
><br>
> *Synthesizing Gas, Making Energy<<a href="http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/09/070911155512.htm" target="_blank">http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/09/070911155512.htm</a>><br>
> * (September 12, 2007) ? A way to convert natural gas into raw materials<br>
> for the chemical industry and generate power as a by-product could lead to<br>
> more environmental benign manufacturing processes. Making synthesis gas -- a<br>
> ... > *read more*<<a href="http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/09/070911155512.htm" target="_blank">http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/09/070911155512.htm</a>><br>
><br>
> *Sweet Smell Of Success: New UF System Helps Dairy Farms Reduce Odors<<a href="http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2000/11/001122183221.htm" target="_blank">http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2000/11/001122183221.htm</a>><br>
> * (November 24, 2000) ? With hundreds or thousands of cows eating,<br>
> drinking and, well, doing what cows do naturally, dairy farms have earned a<br>
> reputation for bad odors. Combine that with urban sprawl that brings city<br>
> ... > *read more*<<a href="http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2000/11/001122183221.htm" target="_blank">http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2000/11/001122183221.htm</a>><br>
><br>
> *Storing Green Electricity as Natural Gas<<a href="http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/05/100505113227.htm" target="_blank">http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/05/100505113227.htm</a>><br>
> * (May 5, 2010) ? Renewable electricity can be transformed into a<br>
> substitute for natural gas. Until now, electricity was generated from gas.<br>
> Now, a German-Austrian cooperation wants to go in the opposite direction. In<br>
> ... > *read more*<<a href="http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/05/100505113227.htm" target="_blank">http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/05/100505113227.htm</a>><br>
> Search ScienceD <<a href="http://www.sciencedaily.com/subscribe/" target="_blank">http://www.sciencedaily.com/subscribe/</a>><br>
><br>
> Mr. Paul Harris, Room S116b, Waite Main Building Faculty of Sciences, The<br>
> University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB 1, Glen Osmond SA 5064 Ph : +61<br>
> 8 8303 7880 Fax : +61 8 8303 4386<br>
> mailto:<a href="mailto:paul.harris@adelaide.edu.au">paul.harris@adelaide.edu.au</a> <<a href="mailto:paul.harris@adelaide.edu.au">paul.harris@adelaide.edu.au</a>><br>
> <a href="http://www.adelaide.edu.au/directory/paul.harris" target="_blank">http://www.adelaide.edu.au/directory/paul.harris</a><br>
><br>
><br>
><br>
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<br>
--<br>
***<br>
Dr. A.D. Karve<br>
President, Appropriate Rural Technology Institute (ARTI)<br>
<br>
*Please change my email address in your records to: <a href="mailto:adkarve@gmail.com">adkarve@gmail.com</a> *<br>
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Message: 3<br>
Date: Wed, 6 Oct 2010 08:05:22 +0100<br>
From: Duncan Martin <<a href="mailto:duncanjmartin@gmail.com">duncanjmartin@gmail.com</a>><br>
To: For Discussion of Anaerobic Digestion<br>
<<a href="mailto:digestion@lists.bioenergylists.org">digestion@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>><br>
Subject: Re: [Digestion] size and cost of a small domestic biogas<br>
plant<br>
Message-ID:<br>
<AANLkTimykuvh_x2D7jhcpZz0sfXF=<a href="mailto:QWPM4EkEwJM%2BaeS@mail.gmail.com">QWPM4EkEwJM+aeS@mail.gmail.com</a>><br>
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A typo I think - or has the Law of Conservation of Mass been repealed?<br>
<br>
" Using daily 1 kg (dry weight) food waste produces daily about 700 to 800<br>
kg biogas" !<br>
<br>
Maybe 7-800 litres?<br>
<br>
Duncan Martin<br>
Cloughjordan Ecovillage<br>
Ireland<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
On 4 October 2010 07:47, Anand Karve <<a href="mailto:adkarve@gmail.com">adkarve@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br>
<br>
> Dear Members,<br>
> this question was raised in a recent flurry of messages. Instead of<br>
> repeating them, I wish to state the following:<br>
> Using daily 1 kg (dry weight) food waste produces daily about 700 to 800<br>
> kg biogas, which most small families (4 to 5 persons) find quite adequate<br>
> for cooking all their meals. Our biogas plant has a digester of 1000 litres<br>
> and a moving drum type of a gas holder having a capacity of about 750<br>
> litres. The cost of complete biogas plant is about US$200, if it is<br>
> manufactured according instructions contained in our video which can be<br>
> downloaded from our web site <a href="http://www.arti-india.org" target="_blank">www.arti-india.org</a> by paying us US$10 through<br>
> Pay Pal. The matter was also discussed if yeast had beneficial effect on<br>
> biogas production. Frankly, I do not see why and how yeast should benefit<br>
> the process. Yeast would actually act as a competitor of the methanogens in<br>
> that the sugar that would normally have produced biogas, would be used by<br>
> the yeast in producing alcohol. It is likely that alcohol can act as<br>
> substrate for the methanogens (glycerin, which is an alcohol, can be used<br>
> by the methanogens as a substrate), but a lot of energy would be wasted in<br>
> this process in comparison to obtaining methane directly from the sugars by<br>
> using the methanogens.<br>
> Yours<br>
> A.D.Karve<br>
> --<br>
> ***<br>
> Dr. A.D. Karve<br>
> President, Appropriate Rural Technology Institute (ARTI)<br>
><br>
> *Please change my email address in your records to: <a href="mailto:adkarve@gmail.com">adkarve@gmail.com</a> *<br>
><br>
><br>
> _______________________________________________<br>
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> <a href="mailto:Digestion@lists.bioenergylists.org">Digestion@lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br>
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Message: 4<br>
Date: Wed, 06 Oct 2010 11:25:47 +0200<br>
From: Igor ?krjanec <<a href="mailto:igor.skrjanec@gmail.com">igor.skrjanec@gmail.com</a>><br>
To: For Discussion of Anaerobic Digestion<br>
<<a href="mailto:digestion@lists.bioenergylists.org">digestion@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>><br>
Subject: Re: [Digestion] Eliminating Sulfides.<br>
Message-ID: <<a href="mailto:4CAC409B.9010903@gmail.com">4CAC409B.9010903@gmail.com</a>><br>
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<br>
Na 5.10.2010 23:57, Ken Calvert je pisal:<br>
> Igor, to my way of thinking, the use of ferric chloride is expensive,<br>
> because it is difficult to recover out of the system and you have to<br>
> keep buying more. I am not sure quite where you intend to use it? If<br>
> you are adding it to the input into the digester it will settle<br>
> inside and gradually clog your system. For me, the best filter<br>
> system is<br>
> a heavy steel, or a plastic drum filled with bashed up rusty tin<br>
> cans. Make sure they are rusty, because new ones are still coated<br>
> with a varnish that they use instead of the old tin plate. Place the<br>
> iron oxide filter between the digester and the flexy gas bag for<br>
> storage. This makes for an even rate of flow with enough moisture in<br>
> the gas to activate the reaction. The H2S in the gas reacts with the<br>
> metalic iron or iron oxide and makes iron sulfide. When nearly all<br>
> the oxide has gone, and the only way to be really sure is to have two<br>
> drums in parallel and switch from one to the other at regular<br>
> intervals, all that is required to regenerate that drum is to open it<br>
> to the air.<br>
> In the presence of oyygen ferrous sulfide reverts to metalic iron and<br>
> elemental sulfur, along with the evolution of a lot of heat With a<br>
> heavy steel drum that is no problem, you just hook a small blower onto<br>
> one outlet. With a plastic drum its a case of just opening the inlet<br>
> and outlet .and positioning the drum in such a way that the heat will<br>
> cause a convention flow of hot air. And if the drum gets too hot<br>
> reduce the air current. With all the iron back into its metalic state<br>
> the drum is ready for recycle, until there is so much flowers of<br>
> sulfur that every thing gets clogged up. ATB. Ken C.<br>
><br>
> ----- Original Message -----<br>
> *From:* Igor ?krjanec <mailto:<a href="mailto:igor.skrjanec@gmail.com">igor.skrjanec@gmail.com</a>><br>
> *To:* For Discussion of Anaerobic Digestion<br>
> <mailto:<a href="mailto:digestion@lists.bioenergylists.org">digestion@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>><br>
> *Sent:* Wednesday, October 06, 2010 12:55 AM<br>
> *Subject:* Re: [Digestion] (no subject)<br>
><br>
> Na 4.10.2010 20:15, Arturo ?valos je pisal:<br>
>><br>
>> Hello all<br>
>><br>
>> Does someone know something about use ferric chloride to reduce<br>
>> the sulfur content in the biogas?<br>
>><br>
>> Thanks for the information<br>
>><br>
>> //<br>
>><br>
>> Arturo<br>
>><br>
>><br>
>> _______________________________________________<br>
>> Digestion mailing list<br>
>> <a href="mailto:Digestion@lists.bioenergylists.org">Digestion@lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br>
>> <a href="http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/digestion_lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/digestion_lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br>
><br>
> Hallo Arturo<br>
><br>
><br>
> Ferric chloride is normally use for a neutralizations of H_2 S.<br>
> Hydrogen sulfide is slightly soluble in water and acts as a weak<br>
> acid <<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weak_acid" target="_blank">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weak_acid</a>>, because of this is<br>
> harmful for a CHP unit.<br>
><br>
> H_2 S is a product of sulfate-reducing bacteria<br>
> <<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfate-reducing_bacteria" target="_blank">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfate-reducing_bacteria</a>> which are<br>
> also present in biogas reactor. Sulfate-reducing bacteria<br>
> <<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfate-reducing_bacteria" target="_blank">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfate-reducing_bacteria</a>> use<br>
> present sulfats from substrates to oxidize the organic matter.<br>
><br>
> Hydrogen sulfide reacts with metal ions to form metal sulfides<br>
> <<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfide" target="_blank">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfide</a>> (H_2 S + FeCl_2 ? FeS + 2<br>
> HCl). Iron sulfide is not soluble and it is not problematic for a<br>
> biogas process and CHP unit.<br>
><br>
> When biogas plant works normally hydrogen sulfide is not<br>
> problematic, because of its oxidation with aerobic bacteria to<br>
> elementary sulphur.<br>
><br>
><br>
> Bye<br>
><br>
> Igor<br>
><br>
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------<br>
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><br>
><br>
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> <a href="mailto:Digestion@lists.bioenergylists.org">Digestion@lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br>
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<br>
Hello Ken,<br>
<br>
In Europe we use ferric chloride only in start-up. After month or two<br>
you don?t need FeCL_2 anymore, because we blowing into reactor small<br>
quantity of air. This is obligatory for aerobic bacteria which convert<br>
H_2 S in to elemental sulfur. This method is also efficient, cheap and<br>
easy to handle.<br>
<br>
Normally you need for 1 MW biogas plant around 0,5 m^3 FeCl_2. Because<br>
of low quantity of FeCL_2 we don?t haw any problems with sediment FeS<br>
and also this low concentracion of FeS are welcom as a fertilizer.<br>
<br>
Igor<br>
<br>
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End of Digestion Digest, Vol 2, Issue 17<br>
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