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<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:blue'>Hi<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:blue'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:blue'>I work for Waste Solution’s of New Zealand. Some may
know us from the biogas vehcle work in the 1970’s at Invermay. We
design anaerobic digestion systems, usually large scale. Mostly we are
doing lagoon based systems but we also do tank based. The systems we do are
specifically designed for each site but they have recycles, hydraulic and
induced gas mixing and baffle systems etc.. We are told by our clients in
South East Asia that for Starch, ethanol and POME wastewaters they are
about 40% lower cost than the tank based systems. Because of the very
long SRT we get a better methane yield and a reduced residue mass. We do
find that the methane percentage is lower as most tank systems have some form
of pre-fermentation which sheds some CO2 prior to the gas capture. There
are others that do similar type of lagoon systems. Equally there are a
lot of people doing very simple lagoon based systems that are really just a
hole in the ground with a cover an inlet pipe and two outlets (Gas and
effluent). Because of the advanced pond reputation these are sometimes
being sold for much more than is justified but often fail after a year or
two. However, they have their place as long as the user is aware of the
issues and pays a fair price. There is really a wide range of lagoon
design forms. Make sure you know what you are getting . <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:blue'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:blue'>We are about to start detailed design for an agricultural based factory
processing about 1000 tonne per day sold residue in the UK. Extensive lab
and pilot scale work has demonstrated that the engineered lagoon system gets a
better methane yield and more importantly the digestate is much more amenable to
dewatering due to a lack of gels etc. Without polyelectrolyte dosing the
lagoon based system achieves a dry solids content after centrifugation of 30% compared
to 12-14% for anaerobic contact systems (CSTR plus solids capture and recycle).
The liquor left from dewatering is recycled. A bleed stream passes to
polishing treatment shared with low COD wastewaters from the factory. Thus
the lagoon system needs much less further processing than the equivalent tank
based system.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:blue'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:blue'>The lagoon uses more land and requires more heat but its waste heat
leftover form existing heat recovery in the factory complex. The lagoon
is simpler to operate and less prone to inhibition due to its size. Our
client took a long time to make the decision between reactor types but for this
specific case the lagoon gives a better solution. Stage 1 is 100,000 Nm3
CH4/day. Because of site issues the lagoon construction is much more
expensive than usual to the extent that lower cost was not a driver for this plant.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:blue'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:blue'>This is not advertising, we are too busy to do more projects for
the foreseeable future. I normally don’t comment much due to the commercial
nature of our business and the resistance to such in this forum. But
I wanted to show that there is a range of lagoon based options out there with a
wide range of flexibility to suit most situations. One advantage is that
even for the more advanced systems such as ours they are mechanically simple
and easy to operate. The operators don’t need experience and get
about 2 weeks training. Equally tank based systems have there place
especially where land is limited or in high demand.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:blue'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:blue'>Based on our experience all AD systems will need some form of polishing
treatment. What hasn’t been mentioned is that most European AD system
are designed predominantly to reduce labour requirements as that is generally
expensive there. Net energy yield and final degree of treatment seem to
mostly be a distant second. Note that a number of these systems quote the
overall removal efficiency but that includes the pre-treatment and secondary
treatment which do not produce gas and also omit the sludge wasting COD as
well.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:blue'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:blue'>There are a huge number of anaerobic digestion systems in the
market place. Each has advantages and disadvantages. Each haws it’s
place and we get successful outcomes when the reactor type is most suited to
the task and surrounding issues. In reality we find that the biology is
pretty simple it’s the materials handling issues that result in downfalls.
Too many people use water pumps and other equipment that is either not suitable
for the wastes or cannot be maintained with the local resources. We did
one small system onto a Pacific Island. The mixing was inefficient simply
because the more efficient forms of mixing equipment could not be supported.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:blue'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:blue'>Regards<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:blue'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:blue'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div>
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<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>Chris
Hearn<br>
CPG New Zealand Ltd<br>
</span><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'>T</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'> +64 3 470 7814 | </span><b><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>F</span></b><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'> +64 3
479 2249 | </span><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>M</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'> +64 21 912 096<br>
Level 1, John Wickliffe House, 265-269 Princes Street, PO Box 910, Dunedin
9054, New Zealand <br>
<a href="http://www.cpg-global.com">cpg-global.com</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span style='font-size:18.0pt;
font-family:Webdings;color:green'>P</span><span style='font-size:7.5pt;
font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:green'> Please consider the
environment before printing this e-mail.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:gray'>The information contained in this email communication may be
confidential. You should only disclose, re-transmit, copy, distribute, act in
reliance on or commercialise the information if you are authorised to do so.
Any views expressed in this email communication are those of the individual
sender, except where the sender specifically states them to be the views of CPG
New Zealand Ltd. CPG New Zealand Ltd does not represent, warrant or guarantee
that the integrity of this communication has been maintained nor that the
communication is free of errors, virus or interference.</span><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:blue'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> digestion-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org
[mailto:digestion-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Paul
Harris<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Monday, 6 December 2010 1:20 p.m.<br>
<b>To:</b> 'For Discussion of Anaerobic Digestion'<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Digestion] High costs of biogass plants in Norway<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-AU style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>G’day All,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-AU style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-AU style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Please try to accept peoples personal opinions without attacking
the person. If the opinion appears wrong to you leave individuals out and
explain your own point of view, please.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-AU style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-AU style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>In my opinion anaerobic digesters are just part of a waste
treatment system that may also generate energy and organic fertiliser. The type
of digester needs to be selected keeping in mind the expertise and
situation/climate in which the digester will operate. With this in mind the
digesters suitable for Europe (and North America?) will probably not be
suitable for most situations in Australia (where we have LOTS of space and
technical support may be a long distance away) and definitely not for some of
the less developed tropical countries. That said why should the less developed
countries (who need, not want, energy more than Europe and USA) be deprived of
the benefits of AD, where some treatment is better than none, because they
don’t meet “our” standards?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-AU style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-AU style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>We are all trying to learn, but I think one of the reasons AD is
not greatly accepted/adopted in Australia is the perceived complexity/cost.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-AU style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-AU style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Happy digesting,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-AU style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>HOOROO<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-AU style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-AU style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Consolas;
color:#1F497D'>Mr. Paul Harris, Room S116b, Waite Main Building Faculty of
Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB 1, Glen Osmond SA
5064 Ph : +61 8 8303 7880
Fax : +61 8 8303 4386 <a
href="mailto:paul.harris@adelaide.edu.au">mailto:paul.harris@adelaide.edu.au</a>
<a href="http://www.adelaide.edu.au/directory/paul.harris">http://www.adelaide.edu.au/directory/paul.harris</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-AU style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Consolas;
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-AU style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Consolas;
color:#1F497D'>CRICOS Provider Number 00123M<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-AU style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Consolas;
color:#1F497D'>This email message is intended only for the addressee(s) and
contains information that may be confidential and/or copyright. If you
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