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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>In <st1:country-region
w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Sweden</st1:place></st1:country-region> where
there are several big plants digesting municipal and industrial waste these
things have been studied. It is common that the slurry is separated and that
the more firm part is composted for the reason that you mentioned and the
compost is used for mixing soil for parks and civil works. However even after
composting one can not guarantee 100.00%. It is also very common to digest the
slurry from sewage treatment plants and the residue is actually spread on fields
but also used for covering old landfills. After spreading on fields the farmers
can not cultivate any kind of crop for some time, and there is for instance also
some restriction about letting cattle grazing on the field for some time. However
the pathogens here are certainly not precisely the same as in your country.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Bjorn Dahlroth<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;font-weight:bold'>Från:</span></font></b><font
size=2 face=Tahoma><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'>
digestion-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org [mailto:digestion-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org]
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>För </span></b>Voegeli, Yvonne<br>
</span></font><b><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma;font-weight:bold'>Skickat:</span></font></b><font size=2
face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'> den 9 december
2010 16:49<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Till:</span></b> <st1:PersonName w:st="on">For
Discussion of Anaerobic Digestion</st1:PersonName>; KshanikaG@masholdings.com<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Ämne:</span></b> Re: [Digestion] Help needed</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Dear Kshanika
Goonesekera,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Our studies in <st1:country-region
w:st="on">Nepal</st1:country-region> and <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">India</st1:place></st1:country-region> on biogas plants treating
human faeces showed that not all pathogens get eliminated during the anaerobic
mesophilic process. Please have a look at the two reports attached. The study
in <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Nepal</st1:place></st1:country-region>
showed that the concentration of E.Coli is acceptable for restricted irrigation
by WHO-standards, but helminth eggs were not completely eliminated.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Also the study from <st1:country-region
w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">India</st1:place></st1:country-region> (Kerala)
shows that only restricted irrigation is recommended regarding the
concentration of E.Coli and total Coliforms (see p.45). Unfortunately, we were
not able to analyze helminth eggs or other pathogens in <st1:country-region
w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">India</st1:place></st1:country-region>.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>In any case, it can not
be guaranteed that the slurry is free of pathogens and safe to use as a
fertilizer. See also our recommendations regarding how to use the effluent in a
safe way.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>I hope this helps.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Best regards,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Yvonne<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p><font size=5 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:18.0pt;color:black'>°°°</span></font><span lang=EN-US><br>
</span><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>Yvonne Vögeli<br>
Eawag / Sandec<br>
Überlandstrasse 133<br>
<st1:address w:st="on"><st1:Street w:st="on">P.O. Box</st1:Street> 611</st1:address><br>
8600 Dübendorf<br>
<st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Switzerland</st1:place></st1:country-region><br>
Phone: +41 (0)44 823 54 20<br>
Fax: +41 (0)44 823 53 99<br>
yvonne.voegeli@eawag.ch<br>
</span></font><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span lang=DE-CH
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'><a
href="http://www.sandec.ch"><span lang=EN-US>http://www.sandec.ch</span></a> </span></font><span
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font
size=2 face=Tahoma><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'>
digestion-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org
[mailto:digestion-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org] <b><span style='font-weight:
bold'>On Behalf Of </span></b>Kshanika Goonesekera<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> Donnerstag, 9. Dezember 2010
05:55<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> paul.harris@adelaide.edu.au; <st1:PersonName
w:st="on">For Discussion of Anaerobic Digestion</st1:PersonName><br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> Re: [Digestion] Help
needed</span></font><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Hi All, <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>I am in <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:country-region
w:st="on">Sri Lanka</st1:country-region></st1:place> where industries are
starting to look at the advantages of converting their sewage and kitchen waste
treatment plants to biogas plants. My question is; <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<ul style='margin-top:0cm' type=disc>
<li class=MsoNormal style='color:navy;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo3'><font size=2
color=navy face=Arial><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
Arial'>Can it be guaranteed that this slurry is free of all sewage
pathogens and hence can be safely used as fertilizer? <o:p></o:p></span></font></li>
</ul>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>The contractor has
recommended secondary aerobic treatment to the slurry; <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<ul style='margin-top:0cm' type=disc>
<li class=MsoNormal style='color:navy;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo3'><font size=2
color=navy face=Arial><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
Arial'>Does the slurry leaving the AD require secondary aerobic treatment?
<o:p></o:p></span></font></li>
<li class=MsoNormal style='color:navy;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo3'><font size=2
color=navy face=Arial><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
Arial'>Is the BOD, COD content of the slurry adequate for aerobic
treatment with MLSS of 1500-3000?<o:p></o:p></span></font></li>
</ul>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>The employers are not
keen on using the slurry as fertilizer due to the chance that pathogens can
exist. Hence, the agreement to send the slurry through aerobic treatment and
then into an inland surface waterbody. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Best regards<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Kshanika Goonesekera<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><st1:place w:st="on"><st1:country-region w:st="on"><font
size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Sri Lanka</span></font></st1:country-region></st1:place><font
size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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