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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Dear Kshanika Goonesekera,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Our studies in Nepal and India on biogas
plants treating human faeces showed that not all pathogens get eliminated
during the anaerobic mesophilic process. Please have a look at the two reports
attached. The study in Nepal showed that the concentration of E.Coli is
acceptable for restricted irrigation by WHO-standards, but helminth eggs were
not completely eliminated.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Also the study from India (Kerala) shows
that only restricted irrigation is recommended regarding the concentration of
E.Coli and total Coliforms (see p.45). Unfortunately, we were not able to analyze
helminth eggs or other pathogens in India.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>In any case, it can not be guaranteed that
the slurry is free of pathogens and safe to use as a fertilizer. See also our
recommendations regarding how to use the effluent in a safe way.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>I hope this helps.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Best regards,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Yvonne<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p><font size=5 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:18.0pt;
color:black'>°°°</span></font><br>
<font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
Arial;color:black'>Yvonne Vögeli<br>
Eawag / Sandec<br>
Überlandstrasse 133<br>
P.O. Box 611<br>
8600 Dübendorf<br>
Switzerland<br>
Phone: +41 (0)44 823 54 20<br>
Fax: +41 (0)44 823 53 99<br>
yvonne.voegeli@eawag.ch<br>
</span></font><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span lang=DE-CH
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'><a
href="http://www.sandec.ch"><span lang=EN-US>http://www.sandec.ch</span></a></span></font><font
size=2 color=black face=Arial><span lang=DE-CH style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial;color:black'> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
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face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>
<hr size=2 width="100%" align=center tabindex=-1>
</span></font></div>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma;font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font size=2
face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'>
digestion-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org
[mailto:digestion-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org] <b><span style='font-weight:
bold'>On Behalf Of </span></b>Kshanika Goonesekera<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> Donnerstag, 9. Dezember 2010
05:55<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> paul.harris@adelaide.edu.au;
For Discussion of Anaerobic Digestion<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> Re: [Digestion] Help
needed</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Hi All, <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>I am in <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">Sri Lanka</st1:place></st1:country-region> where industries are
starting to look at the advantages of converting their sewage and kitchen waste
treatment plants to biogas plants. My question is; <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<ul style='margin-top:0cm' type=disc>
<li class=MsoNormal style='color:navy;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo3'><font size=2
color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>Can
it be guaranteed that this slurry is free of all sewage pathogens and
hence can be safely used as fertilizer? <o:p></o:p></span></font></li>
</ul>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>The contractor has recommended secondary
aerobic treatment to the slurry; <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<ul style='margin-top:0cm' type=disc>
<li class=MsoNormal style='color:navy;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo3'><font size=2
color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>Does
the slurry leaving the AD require secondary aerobic treatment? <o:p></o:p></span></font></li>
<li class=MsoNormal style='color:navy;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo3'><font size=2
color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>Is
the BOD, COD content of the slurry adequate for aerobic treatment with
MLSS of 1500-3000?<o:p></o:p></span></font></li>
</ul>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>The employers are not keen on using the
slurry as fertilizer due to the chance that pathogens can exist. Hence, the
agreement to send the slurry through aerobic treatment and then into an inland
surface waterbody. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Best regards<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Kshanika Goonesekera<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on"><font
size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'>Sri Lanka</span></font></st1:place></st1:country-region><font
size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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