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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Many thanks for the information. I would be interested in the commercial package, since I am approached on this subject quite often ….randymott(at)ceeres.eu<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Randy Mott<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>CEERES<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Warsaw<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> digestion-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org [mailto:digestion-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Anand Karve<br><b>Sent:</b> Saturday, January 08, 2011 4:47 AM<br><b>To:</b> For Discussion of Anaerobic Digestion<br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [Digestion] Renewable Energy World biogas article<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal>Dear Randy,<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>I give below information about a small biogas plant developed by us. You can contact me personally if you want commercial information.<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Yours<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>A.D.Karve<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>ARTI biogas technology</span></b><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><u><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Background</span></u><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.25in;text-indent:-.25in'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol'>·</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt'> </span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>The organisms that produce biogas reside in the intestines of animals. They exit from the animal body along with dung. </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.25in;text-indent:-.25in'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol'>·</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt'> </span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>The traditional biogas plants use dung as feedstock. 1 kg dung produces about 20 to 30 litres biogas after a fermentation period of about a month.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.25in;text-indent:-.25in'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol'>·</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt'> </span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>ARTI scientists argued that since these organisms lived in the intestines, they ate what the animals ate.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.25in;text-indent:-.25in'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol'>·</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt'> </span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Experiments with human food showed that 1 kg (dry weight) of human food yielded 600 to 800 litres biogas within a fermentation period of just 24 hours. </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.25in;text-indent:-.25in'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol'>·</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt'> </span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>ARTI biogas system, based on human food waste, is about 600 to 800 times as efficient as the dung based biogas plant. </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><u><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Compact biogas plant by ARTI</span></u><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.25in;text-indent:-.25in'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol'>·</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt'> </span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Because of lower feedstock requirement, and because it is consumed rapidly, ARTI biogas plant is small. A 1000 litre digester is sufficient for a family. </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.25in;text-indent:-.25in'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol'>·</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt'> </span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Small size of the plant allows it to be accommodated in any available space, even on the terrace of a house. </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.25in;text-indent:-.25in'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol'>·</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt'> </span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Fabricated from locally available plastic water tanks, it is installed in just a couple of hours. It can even be moved around. </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.25in;text-indent:-.25in'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol'>·</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt'> </span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Food waste is plentifully available in urban areas from restaurants, canteens, vegetable markets, fruit juice vendors, flour mills, oil mills, etc. </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.25in;text-indent:-.25in'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol'>·</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt'> </span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Therefore, technology is suitable for urban areas. Almost 5000 plants of this type have so far been installed in India and abroad.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><u><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Special features of ARTI biogas plant</span></u><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.25in;text-indent:-.25in'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol'>·</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt'> </span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Ideal technology for disposal of wet garbage. A 1000 litre plant accepts daily about 2 kg wet garbage.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.25in;text-indent:-.25in'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol'>·</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt'> </span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>In nature, the methanogens get their food masticated by animals. Therefore, food waste must be pulped before introducing it into the biogas plant. </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.25in;text-indent:-.25in'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol'>·</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt'> </span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>About 10 litres water is needed daily as a carrier of the feedstock. It generates daily 10 litres effluent. </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.25in;text-indent:-.25in'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol'>·</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt'> </span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Because food waste gets completely converted into biogas, the effluent is watery. It can be recycled or used for watering plants.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.25in;text-indent:-.25in'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol'>·</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt'> </span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>In the case of industrial canteens, hostels, resorts and housing colonies, the design and size of biogas plants depend on the amount and type of waste and the available space.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><u><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>A rural biogas plant using green leaves as feedstock</span></u><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.25in;text-indent:-.25in'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol'>·</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt'> </span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Experiments with green leaves showed that 10 kg pulped green leaves produced 800 to 1000 litres biogas. </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.25in;text-indent:-.25in'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol'>·</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt'> </span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>However, midribs, veins and petioles accumulate as undigested debris inside the digester and ultimately choke the system.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.25in;text-indent:-.25in'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol'>·</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt'> </span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>A prototype has been developed from which the accumulated debris can easily be removed without stopping biogas production. </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.25in;text-indent:-.25in'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol'>·</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt'> </span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Such a plant can be introduced into rural areas, as growing a leafy crop or plucking leaves from existing vegetation is possible. </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><u><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>A method for green leaf production</span></u><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.25in;text-indent:-.25in'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol'>·</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt'> </span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>50 to 100 sq.m.plot surounded by a skirting of transparent plastic film is planted with a high yielding multicut fodder species. </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.25in;text-indent:-.25in'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol'>·</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt'> </span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Effluent and leaf debris from the biogas plant provide nutrients to this plot. Daily water requirement is between 5 to 8 litres per sq.m. </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.25in;text-indent:-.25in'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol'>·</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt'> </span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>1 or 2 sq.m.area is harvested daily. Leafy waste from crops like cabbage, carrot, radish, and weeds from the field are also acceptable.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><u><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Purification of biogas</span></u><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.25in;text-indent:-.25in'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol'>·</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt'> </span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Biogas contains volumetrically about 40% carbon dioxide and 60% methane.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.25in;text-indent:-.25in'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol'>·</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt'> </span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Therefore biogas has a calorific value of only about 4000 kcal/kg as against about 11000 kcal/kg of pure methane.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.25in;text-indent:-.25in'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol'>·</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt'> </span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Storing biogas in a moving drum floating over water removes carbon dioxide from biogas.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.25in;text-indent:-.25in'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol'>·</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt'> </span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>95% pure methane is obtained after 3 days.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><u><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Biogas as fuel in internal combustion engine</span></u><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.25in;text-indent:-.25in'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol'>·</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt'> </span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Biogas can replace 100% petrol or kerosene and 80% of diesel.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.25in;text-indent:-.25in'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol'>·</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt'> </span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>It is quite possible to use biogas in unpurified state in internal combustion engines.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.25in;text-indent:-.25in'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol'>·</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt'> </span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Using it in stationary engines for pumping water or for generating electricity causes no problems. </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.25in;text-indent:-.25in'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol'>·</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt'> </span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Using it as vehicular fuel is difficult, because it involves compression of biogas and filling it into cylinders. </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>On Wed, Jan 5, 2011 at 3:48 PM, Randy Mott <<a href="mailto:randymott@ceeres.eu">randymott@ceeres.eu</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'>Can you send me info on small digesters? I have numerous friends asking me who are building new homes or – in one case- a small group of homes.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'>Randy Mott</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'>CEERES</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'>Warsaw</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> <a href="mailto:digestion-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">digestion-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org</a> [mailto:<a href="mailto:digestion-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">digestion-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Warren Weisman<br><b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, January 05, 2011 1:24 AM<br><b>To:</b> <a href="mailto:david@h4c.org" target="_blank">david@h4c.org</a>; For Discussion of Anaerobic Digestion<br><b>Subject:</b> [Digestion] Renewable Energy World biogas article</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'> <o:p></o:p></p><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0><tr><td valign=top style='padding:0in 0in 0in 0in'><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><br>Group all, <br><br>Here's a article I wrote on the <a href="http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/" target="_blank">www.renewableenergyworld.com</a> website. Supposedly it's one of the biggest on the internet, but a good introduction and overview of biogas---no, I don't get extra money for everyone that visits the site. <br><br><a href="http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/article/2011/01/gas-from-the-past-biogas-101" target="_blank">http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/article/2011/01/gas-from-the-past-biogas-101</a><br><br>Just a reminder as we focus on the technical aspects of anaerobic digestion there's still a lot of outreach to do to make biogas more widely understood and adopted. <br><br>Warren Weisman<br>Owner, HESTIA Home Biogas<br>Eugene, OR USA<o:p></o:p></p></div></td></tr></table><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><br>_______________________________________________<br>Digestion mailing list<br><br>to Send a Message to the list, use the email address<br><a href="mailto:Digestion@bioenergylists.org">Digestion@bioenergylists.org</a><br><br>to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page<br><a href="http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/digestion_lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/digestion_lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br><br>for more information about digestion, see<br>Beginner's Guide to Biogas<br><a href="http://www.adelaide.edu.au/biogas/" target="_blank">http://www.adelaide.edu.au/biogas/</a><br>and the Biogas Wiki <a href="http://biogas.wikispaces.com/" target="_blank">http://biogas.wikispaces.com/</a><br><br><o:p></o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><br><br clear=all><br>-- <br>***<br>Dr. A.D. Karve<br>President, Appropriate Rural Technology Institute (ARTI)<br><br>*Please change my email address in your records to: <a href="mailto:adkarve@gmail.com">adkarve@gmail.com</a> *<br><br><br><o:p></o:p></p></div></body></html>