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<div dir="ltr"><font color="#000000" size="2" face="Tahoma">Hey Duncan (and the others),</font></div>
<div dir="ltr"><font size="2" face="tahoma"></font> </div>
<div dir="ltr"><font size="2" face="tahoma">thanks for your elaborate answer ! I'm sorry for being unspecific. Let me be a bit more specific and take the kerosene conversion rate because the information on this one is the most inconsistent.</font></div>
<div dir="ltr"> </div>
<div dir="ltr"><font size="2" face="tahoma">Assumptions</font></div>
<div dir="ltr"><font size="2" face="tahoma">Consumption rate simple wick kerosene lamp; 0,01 liter kerosene per hour
</font></div>
<div dir="ltr"><font size="2" face="tahoma"> Biogas lamp; 70 liters of gas per hour (specifications of the lamp that will be supplied:
<a href="http://kingoni.en.ec21.com/Biogas_Lamp--3003470_3352352.html">http://kingoni.en.ec21.com/Biogas_Lamp--3003470_3352352.html</a>)</font></div>
<div dir="ltr"><font size="2" face="tahoma">Lumen output of a simple wick kerosene lamp 7,8 lumen</font></div>
<div dir="ltr"><font size="2" face="tahoma"> biogas lamp; 50 lumen (not sure on this number as there is a large range for it right?!)</font></div>
<div dir="ltr"><font size="2" face="tahoma">Calculation</font></div>
<div dir="ltr"><font size="2" face="tahoma">
<div dir="ltr"><font size="2" face="tahoma">so 1 liter of kerosene is equivalent to 7000 liter gas.
</font>After correcting for lumen output, 1 liter of kerosene is equal to <strong>
1,077</strong> liter of gas</font></div>
</div>
<div dir="ltr"><font size="2" face="tahoma"></font> </div>
<div dir="ltr"><font size="2" face="tahoma">If i use calorific values i get the following result</font></div>
<div dir="ltr">
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="COLOR: black" lang="EN-US"><font face="Tahoma"><font size="2">1kilo kerosene = 46 mj/kg with a density of 0,95 kg/l so
</font></font></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="COLOR: black" lang="EN-US"><font face="Tahoma"><font size="2">1 liter kerosene = 43,7 mj/l</font></font></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="COLOR: black" lang="EN-US"><font face="Tahoma"><font size="2">1m3 biogas is 22.5mJ</font></font></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="COLOR: black"><font face="Tahoma"><font size="2">1 liter biogas = 0,0225 mJ</font></font></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="COLOR: black" lang="EN-US"><font size="2" face="Tahoma"></font></span> </p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class="MsoNoSpacing"><font face="Tahoma"><font size="2"><span style="COLOR: black" lang="EN-US">1L kerosene = (43.7/0.0225) =
<b>1942,22L</b> biogas</span><span style="COLOR: #2a2a2a" lang="EN-US"></span></font></font></p>
</div>
<div dir="ltr"><font size="2" face="Tahoma"></font> </div>
<div dir="ltr"><font size="2" face="tahoma">Quite a difference hm probably because of the lumen i took for the biogas lamp and the consumption rates?! do you have recommendations on these numbers?</font></div>
<div dir="ltr"><font size="2" face="tahoma"></font> </div>
<div dir="ltr"><font size="2" face="tahoma">Then another small question.. for anthracite charcoal i found a calorific value of 27mJ/kg, for lignite charcoal 15 mj/kg. I'm talking about charcoal that these rural african farmers simply make in their backyard.
i assume i should take 15 mj/kg then right?! or even less? </font></div>
<div dir="ltr"><font size="2" face="tahoma"></font> </div>
<div dir="ltr"><font size="2" face="tahoma">Thanks again!</font></div>
<div dir="ltr"><font size="2" face="Tahoma"></font> </div>
<div style="DIRECTION: ltr" id="divRpF144435"><font size="2" face="Tahoma">
<hr tabindex="-1">
</font><font face="Tahoma"><font size="2"><b>Van:</b> digestion-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org [digestion-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org] namens Duncan Martin [duncanjmartin@gmail.com]<br>
<b>Verzonden:</b> zaterdag 15 januari 2011 10:51<br>
<b>Aan:</b> For Discussion of Anaerobic Digestion<br>
<b>Onderwerp:</b> Re: [Digestion] Biogas conversation rates<br>
</font></font><br>
</div>
<div></div>
<div>Hi Loe
<div><br>
</div>
<div>A few quick comments:</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>1. You can check equivalences yourself by looking up the calorific values (heating values) of the three reference fuels. Go back to the raw data, rather than relying on the interpretations of others - who may well be biased. The data is readily available
and it needs no more specialized knowledge to calculate equivalences than it does to calculate a currency conversion - which I am sure you could do in your sleep! *</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>2. Some of these fuels (eg biogas, firewood) are q variable so all equivalences would be best expressed as ranges. That might be one reason for the inconsistencies you mention. Make sure your source isn't based on biomethane - ie purified biogas.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>3. Rating biogas per so many hours of cooking is meaningless unless better defined - are you assuming an open gas ring, an enclosed oven or what**? Just one burning at a time? What kind of food is being cooked - because some foods need long, slow cooking?
(Maybe a better yardstick would be a typical daily household consumption.)</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>4. Rating biogas per so many hours of lighting is equally meaningless. How many lights? What output? A reasonable assumption for this application might be a single ~40W-equivalent to light a single room - but state it.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>* If that sounds unhelpful, it comes from long experience of university teaching - and exposure to a lot of "<i>I am a student and I need someone to do my assignment for me</i>" requests! You'll learn more if you learn how to work it out for yourself.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>** A well known problem here is that the poorest people often (though not always) use the least efficient cooking methods - eg an open fire. A common site in urban Zimbabwe a few years ago was a pot suspended above an electric fire laid on its back!!!</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Duncan Martin</div>
<div>Cloughjordan Ecovillage</div>
<div>Ireland</div>
<div><br>
<div class="gmail_quote">On 12 January 2011 13:52, Franssen, Loe (Alumni) <span dir="ltr">
<<a href="mailto:LLC.Franssen@alumni.maastrichtuniversity.nl">LLC.Franssen@alumni.maastrichtuniversity.nl</a>></span> wrote:<br>
<blockquote style="BORDER-LEFT: #ccc 1px solid; MARGIN: 0px 0px 0px 0.8ex; PADDING-LEFT: 1ex" class="gmail_quote">
<div>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Calibri">Dear biogas experts,
</font></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Calibri">I am a 22 year old student from the Maastricht University where I am doing a bachelor in International Business. I am currently doing an internship for a Dutch biogas
company that is planning to sell systems in East Africa. I am developing a huge mathematical model that calculates - among other things - how big (m³) a digester should be for those households. I want to determine this on the basis of the kilo’s of charcoal
and firewood and liters of kerosene they already use and also on the basis of cooking time and lighting hours. After studying several articles from GTZ, SNV, and master or Phd. students’ reports I came to the following conversion rates and I was hoping you
guys could give your opinion on it. </font></span></p>
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<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: black"><font face="Calibri">Source</font></span></p>
</td>
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<font face="Calibri"></font></td>
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<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #f0f0f0; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; MIN-HEIGHT: 15pt; PADDING-LEFT: 3.5pt; WIDTH: 131.2pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 3.5pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="bottom" width="175" nowrap="">
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: black"><font face="Calibri">Charcoal (kg) >> Gas (l)</font></span></p>
</td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #f0f0f0; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; MIN-HEIGHT: 15pt; PADDING-LEFT: 3.5pt; WIDTH: 33.4pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 3.5pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="bottom" width="45" nowrap="">
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: right; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="right">
<span style="COLOR: black"><font face="Calibri">500</font></span></p>
</td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #f0f0f0; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; MIN-HEIGHT: 15pt; PADDING-LEFT: 3.5pt; WIDTH: 192.4pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 3.5pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="bottom" rowspan="2" width="257" colspan="3" nowrap="">
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center">
<span style="COLOR: black"><a href="http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/en-biogas-volume1.pdf" target="_blank"><font face="Calibri">GTZ article Biogas digest volume 1</font></a></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center">
<span style="COLOR: black"><font face="Calibri">GTZ article Biogas digest volume 1</font></span></p>
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<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #f0f0f0; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; MIN-HEIGHT: 15pt; PADDING-LEFT: 3.5pt; WIDTH: 131.2pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 3.5pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="bottom" width="175" nowrap="">
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: black"><font face="Calibri">firewood (kg) >> Gas (l)</font></span></p>
</td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #f0f0f0; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; MIN-HEIGHT: 15pt; PADDING-LEFT: 3.5pt; WIDTH: 33.4pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 3.5pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="bottom" width="45" nowrap="">
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: right; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="right">
<span style="COLOR: black"><font face="Calibri">200</font></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
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<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #f0f0f0; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; MIN-HEIGHT: 15pt; PADDING-LEFT: 3.5pt; WIDTH: 131.2pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 3.5pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="bottom" width="175" nowrap="">
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: black"><font face="Calibri">Kerosene (l) >> Gas (l)</font></span></p>
</td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #f0f0f0; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; MIN-HEIGHT: 15pt; PADDING-LEFT: 3.5pt; WIDTH: 33.4pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 3.5pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="bottom" width="45" nowrap="">
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: right; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="right">
<span style="COLOR: black"><font face="Calibri">1600</font></span></p>
</td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #f0f0f0; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; MIN-HEIGHT: 15pt; PADDING-LEFT: 3.5pt; WIDTH: 83.8pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 3.5pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="bottom" width="112" nowrap="">
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><u><span style="COLOR: blue"><font face="Calibri"><span>
</span><span> </span></font><a href="http://www.shvoong.com/humanities/1957301-biogas-making-technique-simplified/" target="_blank"><font color="#0000ff" face="Calibri">link 1</font></a></span></u></p>
</td>
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<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><u><span style="COLOR: blue"><a href="http://www.inseda.org/Presentation/Biogas-the%20future%20Sustainable%20Energy-Fr%20Mathew.pdf" target="_blank"><font face="Calibri">link 2</font></a></span></u></p>
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<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><u><span style="COLOR: blue"><a href="http://www.eplantscience.com/index_files/biotechnology/Biotechnology%20and%20environment/Biomass%20Energy%20(Bio-energy)/biotech_bio-energy_gaseous_fuels.php" target="_blank"><font face="Calibri">link
3</font></a></span></u></p>
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<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #f0f0f0; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; MIN-HEIGHT: 15pt; PADDING-LEFT: 3.5pt; WIDTH: 131.2pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 3.5pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="bottom" width="175" nowrap="">
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: black"><font face="Calibri">Cooking (hrs) >> Gas (l)</font></span></p>
</td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #f0f0f0; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; MIN-HEIGHT: 15pt; PADDING-LEFT: 3.5pt; WIDTH: 33.4pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 3.5pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="bottom" width="45" nowrap="">
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: right; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="right">
<span style="COLOR: black"><font face="Calibri">300</font></span></p>
</td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #f0f0f0; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; MIN-HEIGHT: 15pt; PADDING-LEFT: 3.5pt; WIDTH: 83.8pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 3.5pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="bottom" width="112" nowrap="">
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<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: black"><font face="Calibri">Lighting (hrs) >> Gas (l)</font></span></p>
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<span style="COLOR: black"><font face="Calibri">70</font></span></p>
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<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: black"><a href="http://www.snvworld.org/en/Documents/Biogas_stoves_and_lamps_test_report_2009.pdf" target="_blank"><font face="Calibri">SNVworld.org link4</font></a><font face="Calibri">
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<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Calibri">I am particularly concerned about the conversion rate from liters of kerosene to liters of biogas. The results I found online don’t seem to be very constant. I tried to
do some calculations myself but I have no idea how to calculate this (my background is (micro-) finance) so I was hoping you could shed some lights on these numbers!!</font></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Calibri">Kind regards,
</font></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Calibri">Loe Franssen
</font></span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Calibri">Maastricht University student</font></span></p>
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