<font size="4"><span style="font-family: georgia,serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 102);">Good day Paul,</span><br style="font-family: georgia,serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 102);"><br style="font-family: georgia,serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 102);">
<span style="font-family: georgia,serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 102);">CO2 is isolated and streamed into a separate chamber. Carbonic Anhydrase enzymes are used to isolate CO2 from the digester. </span><span style="font-family: georgia,serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 102);">Carbonic anhydrase, rapidly converts
carbon dioxide to bicarbonate. Thus CO2 is efficiently removed from the solution in the digester. The product of this reaction, bicarbonate, can then be
reacted with sodium to form NaHCO2, baking soda. By this process CO2 emission into atomosphere is reduced substantially and there is more space in the digester. There is a patent on this.</span><br style="font-family: georgia,serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 102);">
<br style="font-family: georgia,serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 102);"><span style="font-family: georgia,serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 102);">The isolated CO2 after modifications is sent back into the digester and Methane is generated. (This second part I need to yet confirm). I shall come back to you soon on this.</span><br style="font-family: georgia,serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 102);">
<br style="font-family: georgia,serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 102);"><span style="font-family: georgia,serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 102);">Krishna </span></font><br><br><br><br><div class="gmail_quote">2011/6/29 Anand Karve <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:adkarve@gmail.com">adkarve@gmail.com</a>></span><br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.8ex; border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding-left: 1ex;"><div>Dear Paul,</div>
<div>The text book opinion is that methanogens are hel.ped by a large number of other bacteria in the process of methanogenesis. Some time ago I had posed a question to Gasan that if there are so many different organisms involved in this process, why we did not get a lot more carbon dioxide in our biogas than the 40% that everybody reports. He wrote that the organisms that associated themselves with the methanogens used the carbon dioxide as the source of carbon. Gasan may elaborate this point.</div>
<div>Yours</div>
<div>A.D.Karve</div>
<div> <br><br></div>
<div class="gmail_quote"><div class="im">2011/6/29 Paul Harris <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:paul.harris@adelaide.edu.au" target="_blank">paul.harris@adelaide.edu.au</a>></span><br>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-size: 11pt;">G’day A.D. Karve et al,<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-size: 11pt;"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-size: 11pt;">This post from a while back prompted an interesting thought – if you are right we may be able to acclimate a digester to using just CO2 as the carbon source, so we could convert CO2 back to methane and solve both CO2 emissions and “peak oil”.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-size: 11pt;"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-size: 11pt;">The quality ratio of CH4 to CO2 does vary a bit, sometimes being less than 50% methane and sometimes claims of over 90% methane, but David Fulford has shown that sugar and starch give 50% methane so any improvement is due to some methanogens using CO2 produced earlier in the sequence and H+ from water and acids to make CH4 and H2O.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-size: 11pt;"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-size: 11pt;">Happy digesting,<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-size: 11pt;">HOOROO<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-size: 11pt;"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Consolas; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-size: 10.5pt;">Mr. Paul Harris, Room 202 Charles Hawker Building, Faculty of Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB 1, Glen Osmond SA 5064 Ph : +61 8 8303 7880 Fax : +61 8 8303 4386 <a href="mailto:paul.harris@adelaide.edu.au" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">mailto:paul.harris@adelaide.edu.au</span></a> <a href="http://www.adelaide.edu.au/directory/paul.harris" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">http://www.adelaide.edu.au/directory/paul.harris</span></a><u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size: 10pt;" lang="EN-US">From:</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;" lang="EN-US"> <a href="mailto:digestion-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">digestion-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org</a> [mailto:<a href="mailto:digestion-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">digestion-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Anand Karve<div class="im">
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, 2 June 2011 12:50 PM<br></div><div class="im"><b>To:</b> <a href="mailto:digestion@lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">digestion@lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br></div><b>Subject:</b> [Digestion] Fwd: The biology of biogas production<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
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<p style="margin-bottom: 12pt;" class="MsoNormal">---------- Forwarded message ----------<br>From: <b>Anand Karve</b> <<a href="mailto:adkarve@gmail.com" target="_blank">adkarve@gmail.com</a>><br>Date: 2011/6/2<br>
Subject: Re: [Digestion] The biology of biogas production<br>
To: Gasan Osojnik <<a href="mailto:gasan.osojnik@gmail.com" target="_blank">gasan.osojnik@gmail.com</a>><br><br><u></u><u></u></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">Dear List,<u></u><u></u></p></div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"> Irrespective of the substrate, design of the system or the temperature of the reaction, the proportion of methane to carbon dioxide in the biogas seems to be constant all over the world. Is there an equilibrium between these two gases that keeps this proportion constant? Because in that case, one might introduce carbon dioxide from outside into the biogas plant and see if the organisms in the digester produce more methane to reach the euilibrium constant. I shall be grateful to get your reaction on this. <u></u><u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Yours<u></u><u></u></p></div>
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<p style="margin-bottom: 12pt;" class="MsoNormal">A.D.Karve <u></u><u></u></p></div>
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<p class="MsoNormal">2011/3/22 Gasan Osojnik <<a href="mailto:gasan.osojnik@gmail.com" target="_blank">gasan.osojnik@gmail.com</a>><u></u><u></u></p>
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<div>
<p style="margin-bottom: 12pt;" class="MsoNormal">Hi Mohamed,<br><br>The general (though I am sure there will be other interpretations) mechanism of biogas formation is 4-step and involves:<br>1. Hydrolysis (degradation of polymers)<br>
2. Acidogenesis (the formation of volatile fatty acids - low molecular carboxylic acids)<br>3. Acetogenesis (the formation of acetate, CO2 and H2)<br>4. Methanogenesis (from acetete -> CO2 and CH4 is formed, from CO2 and H2 -> CH4 is formed, methanogenesis from acetate and CO2+H2 has to run simultaneously for the proces to be stable) <br>
<br>The last step is the reason why there will be always some CO2 in biogas. Each of this steps is carried out by different groups of microorganisms.<br><br>So the initial biochemical sources of biogas are carbohydrates, proteins, fats etc. In the long run, any substance that can be converted intermediately either to dissolved CO2 and H2 or to acetate is appropriate for biogas production.<br>
<br>BR from Slovenia, Gasan<u></u><u></u></p></div>
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<p class="MsoNormal"> <u></u><u></u></p></div>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 51); font-size: 10pt;">Ilja Gasan OSOJNIK ÈRNIVEC, </span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">L05 - Laboratory for Environmental Sciences and Engineering</span> <u></u><u></u></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"> <u></u><u></u></p></div>
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<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <u></u><u></u></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><br><div class="im">_______________________________________________<br>Digestion mailing list<br><br>to Send a Message to the list, use the email address<br>
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<br>for more information about digestion, see<br>Beginner's Guide to Biogas<br><a href="http://www.adelaide.edu.au/biogas/" target="_blank">http://www.adelaide.edu.au/biogas/</a><br>and the Biogas Wiki <a href="http://biogas.wikispaces.com/" target="_blank">http://biogas.wikispaces.com/</a><br>
<br><br></div></blockquote></div><br><br clear="all"><div><div></div><div class="h5"><br>-- <br>***<br>Dr. A.D. Karve<br>President, Appropriate Rural Technology Institute (ARTI)<br><br>*Please change my email address in your records to: <a href="mailto:adkarve@gmail.com" target="_blank">adkarve@gmail.com</a> *<br>
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