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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=DE link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='color:#1F497D'>Frank,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='color:#1F497D'>just to comment your reply: We found in aerobic digested compost anaerobic pathogens (Clostridium botulinum). The may survive and multiply in microenvironments even in a macroscopic excellent aerobic environment. Contrary to text books C. botulinum may multiply and produce toxins even under aerobic conditions. The only chance I see actually would be to use hydrothermal carbonization of the complete effluent. Apparently it is exothermic, and could create additional heat. This would mean that practically all material could be incorporated in the input of a biogas plant. However, my main concern is what would happen if there is a leakage or an accident (burst) of the main digester, or the storage tanks, as it happened several times in Germany, and what is the health hazard for those workers in the plant?<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='color:#1F497D'>Although the question of health hazard was neglected up to now, I believe that pathogens do not bother.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='color:#1F497D'>Helge<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>Von:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> digestion-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org [mailto:digestion-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org] <b>Im Auftrag von </b>Frank Shields<br><b>Gesendet:</b> Mittwoch, 13. Juli 2011 21:32<br><b>An:</b> 'For Discussion of Anaerobic Digestion'<br><b>Betreff:</b> Re: [Digestion] Information about subscriber<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:navy'>Dear Johan,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:navy'>I agree with Helge and suggest a plan that would aerobically digest the AD digestate (formulated along with other feedstock) in a compost operation before application. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:navy'>Frank Shields</span><span lang=EN-US style='color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:navy'>Control Laboratories, Inc.</span><span lang=EN-US style='color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:navy'>42 Hangar Way</span><span lang=EN-US style='color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:navy'>Watsonville, CA 95076</span><span lang=EN-US style='color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:navy'>(831) 724-5422 tel</span><span lang=EN-US style='color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:navy'>(831) 724-3188 fax</span><span lang=EN-US style='color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:navy'><a href="mailto:frank@compostlab.com">frank@compostlab.com</a></span><span lang=EN-US style='color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:navy'><a href="http://www.compostlab.com">www.compostlab.com</a></span><span lang=EN-US style='color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='color:navy'> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='color:navy'> </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><hr size=2 width="100%" align=center></span></div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> digestion-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org [mailto:digestion-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Helge Böhnel<br><b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, July 13, 2011 12:02 PM<br><b>To:</b> 'For Discussion of Anaerobic Digestion'<br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [Digestion] Information about subscriber</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>Dear Johan,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='color:#1F497D'>there is a general concern for using biogas digestate: Does it contain pathogens which might create a health hazard. There are reports on pathogens for man, animal, and plant, which might survive the biogas process. As the input material of any biogas plant which is not operated on a farm level may contain many different types of pathogens you may accumulate these germs even if they are in a low number in the digestate.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='color:#1F497D'>Be careful.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='color:#1F497D'>Best regards and good luck<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='color:#1F497D'>Helge<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>Prof. Dr. Dr. Helge Böhnel<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>Miprolab<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>Marie-Curie-Str. 7<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>37079 Göttingen<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>Germany<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>Von:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> digestion-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org [mailto:digestion-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org] <b>Im Auftrag von </b>Johan Ellingsen<br><b>Gesendet:</b> Mittwoch, 13. Juli 2011 09:41<br><b>An:</b> 'digestion@lists.bioenergylists.org'<br><b>Betreff:</b> [Digestion] Information about subscriber<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>I am a 62 years old Norwegian senior adviser in a Norwegian NGO called Norges Vel (The Royal Norwegian Society for Development). I am working with environmental projects within organic farming and climate change. I am an engineer in chemistry and have been working with agriculture for 30 years, also on my own organic farm 30 km outside of Oslo. The farm was organic in 1989. We had animals for 10 years, but today we only have cereals and green manure. I hope that a new biogas plant for the city of Oslo can provide the farm with digestate. I see an unique option to recycle organic food waste through digesting in a biogas plant, if the quality is acceptable for organic farming.. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=NO-BOK>JOHAN G. ELLINGSEN<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=NO-BOK>Seniorrådgiver<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=NO-BOK>Dir. tlf: + 47 64832035<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=NO-BOK>Mobil: + 47 90921568<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=NO-BOK>Johan.ellingsen@norgesvel.no<br><br>Postboks 115, N-2026 Skjetten<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=NO-BOK>Telefaks: +47 64 83 20 01<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=NO-BOK><a href="http://www.norgesvel.no/"><span style='color:windowtext'>www.norgesvel.no</span></a><br><br><img border=0 width=246 height=107 id="Bilde_x005f_x0020_1" src="cid:image001.jpg@01CC41A7.6236BC80" alt="Beskrivelse: cid:image001.jpg@01CA8EB4.9173BFE0"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=NO-BOK><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=NO-BOK><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div></body></html>