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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;color:black'>Another way to sterilize digester effluent
is to dilute with irrigation water and treat this mixture in shallow 30cm deep
high rate algal ponding. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;color:black'>If you don’t stir the ponds you will
need a 30 day retention time in the pond. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;color:black'>If you stir the ponds the retention time
drops to 3 to 4 days. Stirring takes place with an eight fin paddle wheel
powered with a mere 200 to 300 watt motor for a typical 500m2 algal raceway
(4meter wide paddle wheel).<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;color:black'>In daylight periods of algal photosynthesis
the digester effluent in the pond will become highly oxidized and the pH will
elevate up to levels as high as pH11, effectively destroying pathogens and
cracking viruses. 12 years of rigorous tests at EBRU in <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:country-region
w:st="on">South Africa</st1:country-region></st1:place> confirm this. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;color:black'>Stirring encourages the growth of
non-toxic algae as well as the creation of algal floccs that enable 70% of the
algal biomass to be easily settled out using simple small settling pond. The
nutrient rich oxidized effluent form the algal ponds can be used for irrigation
or for aquaculture, creating a second cycle of nutrients in zooplankton and
fish waste. Aquaculture waste is perfect for irrigation of aquaponic/hydroponic
production of food.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;color:black'>Algal biomass is an excellent fertilizer
containing plant growth hormones. Also makes a good foliar feed when the cells
are cracked open.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;color:black'>Algal biomass also makes for good biogas
production. And recent tests done by EBRU on the AD of algal biomass indicate a
general improvement of about 10% in biogas production when algal biomass
is codigested, as it seems that the algal biomass makes for healthy and happy
AD bacteria.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;color:black'>Mark<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma;font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font size=2
face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'>
digestion-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org
[mailto:digestion-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org] <b><span style='font-weight:
bold'>On Behalf Of </span></b>Johan Carels<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> 13 July 2011 09:55 PM<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> <st1:PersonName w:st="on">digestion@lists.bioenergylists.org</st1:PersonName><br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> [Digestion] pathogens
which might create a health hazard</span></font><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Calibri><span style='font-size:11.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Calibri><span style='font-size:11.0pt'>Dear
Johan,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Calibri><span style='font-size:11.0pt'>Regarding
“<font color="#1f497d"><span style='color:#1F497D'>pathogens which might
create a health hazard. There are reports on pathogens for man, animal, and
plant, which might survive the biogas process. As the input material of
any biogas plant which is not operated on a farm level may contain many
different types of pathogens you may accumulate these germs even if they are in
a low number in the digestate.”<o:p></o:p></span></font></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color="#1f497d" face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color="#1f497d" face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'>Suggest to pasturise ( heating at
70°C during 60 minutes) all the digestate since you hav e this heat
available from the cogenerater [cooling water, turbocooling, exhaust
gase-heat]. This will kill all pathogens.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color="#1f497d" face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color="#1f497d" face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'>K rgds<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color="#1f497d" face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'>Johan Carels<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color="#1f497d" face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'>www.jcarels.be<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Calibri><span style='font-size:11.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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