<html><head><style type='text/css'>p { margin: 0; }</style></head><body><div style='font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; color: #000000'><P><FONT size=2 face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif">David, Wayne, Raul, Anard - Thank you very much for your knowledgeable responses and resources regarding dog waste digestion. This information will be very helpful for us as we pursue our Park Spark demo.</FONT></P>
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<DIV><SPAN name="x"></SPAN><FONT face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif">Rose Seemann<BR>Aurora, CO USA</FONT></DIV>
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<B>From: </B>"Martins" <rvm@sti.com.br><BR><B>To: </B>david@h4c.org, "For Discussion of Anaerobic Digestion" <digestion@lists.bioenergylists.org><BR><B>Sent: </B>Monday, February 20, 2012 4:40:21 AM<BR><B>Subject: </B>[Digestion] RES: Fwd: After the Tank - pathogens<BR><BR>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: windowtext">Hi David and Rose:</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: windowtext"> </SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: windowtext" lang=EN-US>David, you went to the point I told nothing about in my last message.</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: windowtext" lang=EN-US>It is “retention time”.</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: windowtext" lang=EN-US>In a multi chamber digester, we have a minimum retention time of 60 days, and that is the reason for pathogens to be eliminated.</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: windowtext" lang=EN-US>In several studies I made many years ago, with a six chamber digester, I found 60 days to be a sufficient time, but you can add more anaerobic chambers for insurance.</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: windowtext" lang=EN-US>My goal at that time was to use biofertilizer in the preparation of nutrient solutions for organic hydroponics.</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: windowtext" lang=EN-US>From those studies I developed the Geo-hydroponics or Geoponic System that works extremely well.</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: windowtext" lang=EN-US>Besides that, diluted biofertilizer proved to be an excellent foliar nutrient, and at the same time it acts as a very good organic agro toxic.</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: windowtext" lang=EN-US>Concentrated or diluted biofertilizer proved to be extremely good in edible mushrooms production, using sand as substrate.</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: windowtext" lang=EN-US>We tested other substrates like straws (except rice straws, as it contains too much Aluminum), vermiculite and expanded clay.</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: windowtext" lang=EN-US>I think that mushroom production based on biofertilizer is something to be more tested and studied.</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: windowtext" lang=EN-US>But all is based on a biofertilizer got from a multi chamber digester.</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: windowtext" lang=EN-US>Chinese and Indian kinds of biodigesters are not suited, as they don’t give us a complete biodigested biomass.</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: windowtext" lang=EN-US> </SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: windowtext" lang=EN-US>Regards</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: windowtext" lang=EN-US> </SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: windowtext" lang=EN-US> </SPAN></P>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: windowtext">Raul Vergueiro Martins</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: windowtext">rvm@sti.com.br</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: windowtext">www.hydor.eng.br</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: windowtext">SKYPE - martins.raul</SPAN></P></DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: windowtext"> </SPAN></P>
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<P class=MsoNormal><B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; COLOR: windowtext; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">De:</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; COLOR: windowtext; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> digestion-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org [mailto:digestion-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org] <B>Em nome de </B>David<BR><B>Enviada em:</B> domingo, 19 de fevereiro de 2012 20:28<BR><B>Para:</B> For Discussion of Anaerobic Digestion<BR><B>Assunto:</B> Re: [Digestion] Fwd: After the Tank - pathogens</SPAN></P></DIV></DIV>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia','serif'"><BR>Rose,<BR></SPAN><BR>On 2/19/2012 2:23 PM, <A href="mailto:envirowagg@comcast.net" target=_blank>envirowagg@comcast.net</A> wrote: </P>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN class=object2><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Has anyone digested carnivore manure and tested the remaining material for canine pathogens (Coccidia, Biardia, Hookworms, Parvo Virus, Roundworms and Whipworms)? Would the microbes take care of these critters? We are interested in developing and installing a small module to accommodate waste at dog parks </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=object2><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><A href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zTBnXx-CMSo&feature=player_embedded" target=_blank>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zTBnXx-CMSo&feature=player_embedded</A></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">. Pick-up bags would be made of paper or anaerobically digestible film.</SPAN></P></DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><BR>There is a lot of literature on the safety of effluent. Basically, at ordinary mesophilic temps, destruction of most pathogens requires very long retention times-- months. (Parasites are more susceptible to mesophilic digestion.) At thermophilic temps-- comparable to the temperature inside an active compost pile-- anaerobic digestion can destroy pathogens at more ordinary retention times.<BR><BR>Of course, as well, rather than use a word like "destroy", which implies a complete absence of the offending organisms, a more scientific parlance would be to speak of reduction by factors of ten, to levels that are considered safe, even if some members of the species in question are still present.<BR><BR>Regardless, at least in my view, the effluent should not be used on land where food is grown, and it would be safest if the liquid effluent is buried and the de-watered effluent is composted.<BR><BR>There is, to my knowledge, only one paper extant on using dog manure to produce biogas: Comparatiw Study of the Potential of Dog Waste for Biogas Production, by Okomigwe et al, out of Nigeria.<BR><BR><BR><BR>d.</P>
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<P class=MsoNormal>-- </P>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt">David William House</SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 12pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt">"The Complete Biogas Handbook" </SPAN><CODE><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><A href="about:blank" target=_blank>www.completebiogas.com</A></SPAN></CODE><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt"><BR><EM>Vahid Biogas</EM>, an alternative energy consultancy </SPAN><CODE><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><A href="about:blank" target=_blank>www.vahidbiogas.com</A></SPAN></CODE><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt"></SPAN></P></DIV>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">"Make no search for water. But find thirst,<BR>And water from the very ground will burst." </SPAN></P>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; FONT-SIZE: 8pt">(Rumi, a Persian mystic poet, quoted in <EM><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'">Delight of Hearts</SPAN></EM>, p. 77) <BR><BR><A href="http://bahai.us/" target=_blank>http://bahai.us/</A></SPAN></P></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV><BR>_______________________________________________<BR>Digestion mailing list<BR><BR>to Send a Message to the list, use the email address<BR>Digestion@bioenergylists.org<BR><BR>to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page<BR>http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/digestion_lists.bioenergylists.org<BR><BR>for more information about digestion, see<BR>Beginner's Guide to Biogas<BR>http://www.adelaide.edu.au/biogas/<BR>and the Biogas Wiki http://biogas.wikispaces.com/<BR><BR></div></body></html>