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<div class="moz-cite-prefix">G'day Krishna,<br>
<br>
When replying to a series of messages like this can you please
delete all except the latest Reply so the e-mail is shortened.<br>
<br>
Thanks for your inputs,<br>
HOOROO<br>
<pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">Mr Paul Harris BEng (Ag) (Melbourne)
Visitor at The University of Adelaide</pre>
On 15/11/2012 2:57 PM, Murali Krishna wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote
cite="mid:CAPSO_1cMmB8_Rr1PLoArXC4Fnr8+n3F=X6422vHDvh5-XRSaeA@mail.gmail.com"
type="cite">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;
charset=ISO-8859-1">
Good day Dr. Karve,<br>
<br>
While agreeing with you that some Indian villagers are making cow
dung/bufalloe dung cakes for thermal application, a majority of
the villagers have stopped making cow dung flakes. Labour is
becoming precarious day by day and the daiary industry is finding
it extremely difficult to organize their routine activities
....forget about making cow dung cakes and selling them. The
amount of methane left into the atmosphere should also be taken
into consideration. Everyone will agree that green or dry
grass/leaves contain more amount of methane but why should they
run around to fetch these. These units can simply recycle the
avaialble dung, extract methane (other wise a menace in rainy
season), generate power and the cake from the digestate can be
bunt if they wish so or it is a rich manure. The grasses and
green leaves matter can be fed to animals.<br>
<br>
Undoubtedly recycling of cow dung/buffaloe dung via anerobic
digestion is the best way. It serves more than one purpose.<br>
<br>
Regards,<br>
<br>
Krishna<br>
India.<br>
<br>
<br>
<div class="gmail_quote">On Thu, Nov 15, 2012 at 6:13 AM, Anand
Karve <span dir="ltr"><<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:adkarve@gmail.com" target="_blank">adkarve@gmail.com</a>></span>
wrote:<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0
.8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
<div>Dear Mr. Ward,</div>
<div>Thanks a lot for making us aware of the situation in
Denmark. I agree with you that situations differ from
country to country and that one should do what is best
suited to one's needs and also what the environment allows.
Please remember that the posting that I reacted to refered
specifically to cow dung and its author complained about
extremely low biogas yield. My experience is mainly
from India. In my posting I specifically refered to dung of
ruminents, i.e. bovine cattle and water buffalo. In
India, these animals mainly graze and they eat mainly grass,
which is dry except for the rainy season. The dung of such
animals has very little digestible matter in it. Excreta of
poultry and pigs have much more digestible matter than those
of ruminents. In India, dung cakes are made only from dung
of cattle. They are sun-dried. You must be aware of the fact
that except for Muslims and Cristians, dead bodies are
cremated in India. There is a big market in India for dung
cakes as fuel for creamtion of dead bodies. Compressing
agricultural waste into fuel briquettes (as boiler fuel) has
emerged as a big Industry in India. Dung can also serve
as boiler fuel. People are even looking at filter presses,
which would squeeze the water out of dung, so the solids can
be coverted into burnable briquettes.</div>
<div>Yours</div>
<div>A.D.Karve</div>
<div> </div>
<div>On Wed, Nov 14, 2012 at 2:35 PM, Alastair James Ward <span
dir="ltr"><<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:Alastair.Ward@agrsci.dk" target="_blank">Alastair.Ward@agrsci.dk</a>></span>
wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote style="BORDER-LEFT:#ccc 1px solid;MARGIN:0px 0px
0px 0.8ex;PADDING-LEFT:1ex" class="gmail_quote">
<div link="blue" vlink="purple" lang="DA">
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="FONT-FAMILY:'Calibri','sans-serif';COLOR:#1f497d;FONT-SIZE:11pt">Dear
A.D. Karve,</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="FONT-FAMILY:'Calibri','sans-serif';COLOR:#1f497d;FONT-SIZE:11pt"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="FONT-FAMILY:'Calibri','sans-serif';COLOR:#1f497d;FONT-SIZE:11pt"
lang="EN-US">I disagree that manure only consists of
lignin, mucus and microorganisms. There is a lot of
digestible but undigested protein, fat and
carbohydrate in manure, not to mention a high
concentration of fatty acids which are just one or
two steps in the biological pathway away from
methane production. It is not disputed that plant
material usually produces more biogas than manure,
but I think that you have to stand back and consider
what factors are most important to the very varied
users of this list. I live in northern Europe in a
country with a high animal density. It has been
calculated that if we could collect all manure
produced, all organic wastes available and use all
non-food producing land for energy crop production
and put it all into biogas plants, we would still
not make a very large impact on the national energy
requirement (sorry but I forget the exact figures).
However, we view anaerobic digestion as a method of
treating wastes, with the recycling of nitrogen and
phosphorous being of great importance. The fact that
we can produce energy is a nice bonus that
(hopefully) makes the whole process financially
feasible. Burning manure is not a realistic option
here. As an example, we produce in excess of 20
million fattening pigs every year, in a country of
less than 6 million people. As a result, we have a
lot of wet manure to deal with and anaerobic
digestion is widely viewed as the best available
technology to do so. Pig manure has a low dry matter
content so the energy input necessary for drying,
not to mention space to do so and any other issues
regarding odour emissions etc makes the drying and
burning of wet manures impractical. We also want to
keep the N to put back into the soil and thus reduce
the need for artificial fertiliser and the
non-degradable carbohydrates in digestate are useful
in maintaining soil carbon levels.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="FONT-FAMILY:'Calibri','sans-serif';COLOR:#1f497d;FONT-SIZE:11pt"
lang="EN-US">As I understand, the original post was
not from a northern European country but there are
still many advantages to anaerobically digesting
manure in warmer climates. Biogas is certainly a
cleaner and more flexible fuel than dry material for
burning, the fact that one can quite easily run
lights and a small generator on biogas being major
advantages. I came across a paper a couple of years
ago that suggested the increased use of AD in
preference to burning of organic material could be
linked to an improvement in the health of people in
rural Indian communities, specifically eye problems
due to smoke as I remember.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="FONT-FAMILY:'Calibri','sans-serif';COLOR:#1f497d;FONT-SIZE:11pt"
lang="EN-US">Please, consider the motives of the
people posting on this list before you tell us that
we are wasting our time digesting manure. If Kyle
has manure available I suggest he continues to use
it in his digester, the low yield can be compensated
for by having a large supply that is easily
available. If he has any plant wastes available then
certainly put these in as well to boost yield, but I
would not recommend actively collecting large
amounts of biomass from the surrounding area, the
time and energy used to do so may negate the gain. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="FONT-FAMILY:'Calibri','sans-serif';COLOR:#1f497d;FONT-SIZE:11pt"
lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM:12pt" class="MsoNormal"><span
style="FONT-FAMILY:'Verdana','sans-serif';FONT-SIZE:9pt">Med
venlig hilsen</span><span style="COLOR:#1f497d"> </span></p>
<table style="WIDTH:412.5pt" border="0" cellpadding="0"
cellspacing="0" width="550">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td
style="PADDING-BOTTOM:0cm;PADDING-LEFT:0cm;WIDTH:225pt;PADDING-RIGHT:0cm;PADDING-TOP:0cm"
valign="top" width="300">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="FONT-FAMILY:'Verdana','sans-serif';FONT-SIZE:9pt"
lang="EN-US">Alastair James Ward</span></b><span
style="FONT-FAMILY:'Verdana','sans-serif';FONT-SIZE:9pt" lang="EN-US"><br>
Post doc.</span><span style="COLOR:#1f497d"
lang="EN-US"></span></p>
</td>
<td
style="PADDING-BOTTOM:0cm;PADDING-LEFT:0cm;WIDTH:187.5pt;PADDING-RIGHT:0cm;PADDING-TOP:0cm"
valign="top" width="250">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="FONT-FAMILY:'Verdana','sans-serif';FONT-SIZE:9pt">Inst.
for Ingeniørvidenskab<br>
</span></b><span
style="FONT-FAMILY:'Verdana','sans-serif';FONT-SIZE:9pt">Aarhus
Universitet<br>
Blichers Allé 20, Postboks 50<br>
8830 Tjele</span><span style="COLOR:#1f497d"></span></p>
</td>
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</tbody>
</table>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="FONT-FAMILY:'Verdana','sans-serif';FONT-SIZE:9pt"
lang="EN-US">Tlf.: 8715 7645<br>
Mobil: 4112 2494<br>
Email: </span><span
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lang="EN-US"><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:Alastair.Ward@agrsci.dk"
target="_blank">Alastair.Ward@agrsci.dk</a></span><span
style="COLOR:#1f497d" lang="EN-US"></span></p>
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valign="bottom" width="250">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="FONT-FAMILY:'Verdana','sans-serif';FONT-SIZE:9pt"
lang="EN-US"><br>
Tlf.: 8715 6000<br>
Web: </span><span
style="FONT-FAMILY:'Verdana','sans-serif';FONT-SIZE:9pt"><a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.agrsci.dk/"
target="_blank"><span
style="COLOR:#003366;TEXT-DECORATION:none"
lang="EN-US">www.agrsci.au.dk</span></a></span><span
style="COLOR:#1f497d" lang="EN-US"></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR:#1f497d"><img
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<br clear="all">
<span class="HOEnZb"><font color="#888888"><br>
-- <br>
***<br>
Dr. A.D. Karve<br>
Trustee & Founder President, Appropriate Rural
Technology Institute (ARTI)<br>
<br>
<br>
</font></span></div>
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<br clear="all">
<br>
-- <br>
<span style="color:rgb(0,0,102);font-family:comic sans
ms,sans-serif">Regards.<br>
<br>
Murali Krishna<br>
Chairman<br>
Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India.</span><br
style="color:rgb(0,0,102);font-family:comic sans ms,sans-serif">
<span style="color:rgb(0,0,102);font-family:comic sans
ms,sans-serif">Ph:+91-40-24339999, 24333333,243355555, 24333555</span><br
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<h1 style="color:rgb(0,204,204);font-weight:normal"><b><font
style="font-family:comic sans
ms,sans-serif;color:rgb(255,0,0)">Never put water down
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<h1 style="color:rgb(255,0,0);font-weight:normal"><font><b>Save
the Environment</b></font></h1>
<h1 style="font-family:comic sans
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<pre wrap="">_______________________________________________
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for more information about digestion, see
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<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.adelaide.edu.au/biogas/">http://www.adelaide.edu.au/biogas/</a>
and the Biogas Wiki <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://biogas.wikispaces.com/">http://biogas.wikispaces.com/</a>
</pre>
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