<div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:large;color:rgb(0,0,102)">Good day to all,<br><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:large;color:rgb(0,0,102)">I do agree with the views of Mr. Paul Harris. Dr. Karve's opinion about digestion process and the role of microbes in the animals' stomach is absolutely right but the conditions in the stomach of animals are altogether different to that of digester' stomach/internals. Replication and immobilzation of microbes to the required degree cannot be achieved/dictated in the anaerobic digester. Hence, HRT plays a vital role in anaerobic digesters. To hasten the breaking-down process of certain feedstocks, we may have to opt for aerobic fermentation for a given amount of time.<br><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:large;color:rgb(0,0,102)">Murali Krishna<br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:large;color:rgb(0,0,102)"><br><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:large;color:rgb(0,0,102)">Murali Krishna.<br></div></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Wed, Jun 8, 2016 at 11:45 AM, Paul Harris <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:harrisfm@aapt.net.au" target="_blank">harrisfm@aapt.net.au</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
<div bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000">
G'day All,<br>
<br>
While I am happy to agree to differ on some of Dr A,D.Karve's ideas
I disagree with points 6) and 7) below (if taken at face value).<br>
<br>
6) There should be a C:N ratio of approximately 20-30:1. The exact
value is not critical, but microbes need both these nutrients (and
other elements) to survive. Too much N will result in ammonia and
too much C probably reduces the biogas quality.<br>
<br>
7) Retention Time (RT) is reasonably important! Too short a RT
results in "washout", which stops digestion. The actual "washout" RT
depends on operating temperature, as this influences microbial
growth rate. Best use of digester volume occurs at a RT about twice
the "washout" time, but longer RTs result in more biogas per unit
influent and more robust operation.<br>
<table style="border-collapse:collapse;width:224pt" width="300" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<colgroup><col style="width:56pt" span="4" width="75"> </colgroup><tbody>
<tr style="height:13.5pt" height="18">
<td style="height:13.5pt;width:56pt" height="18" width="75"><br>
</td>
<td style="width:56pt" width="75"><br>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="border-right:1.0pt solid black;width:112pt" width="150">Retention Time</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height:12.75pt" height="17">
<td style="height:12.75pt" height="17">Temp.</td>
<td style="border-left:none">Gwth Rte</td>
<td style="border-top:none;border-left:none">Washout</td>
<td style="border-top:none">"Optimum"</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height:15.0pt" height="20">
<td style="height:15.0pt;border-top:none" height="20">(<font><sup>O</sup></font><font>C)</font></td>
<td style="border-top:none;border-left:none">(days<font><sup>-1</sup></font><font>)</font></td>
<td style="border-top:none;border-left:none">(days<font>)</font></td>
<td style="border-left:none">(days<font>)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height:12.75pt" height="17">
<td style="height:12.75pt" height="17">5</td>
<td style="border-left:none">0.020</td>
<td style="border-left:none">49.0</td>
<td style="border-left:none">97.9</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height:12.75pt" height="17">
<td style="height:12.75pt;border-top:none" height="17">10</td>
<td style="border-top:none;border-left:none">0.034</td>
<td style="border-top:none;border-left:none">29.4</td>
<td style="border-top:none;border-left:none">58.9</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height:12.75pt" height="17">
<td style="height:12.75pt;border-top:none" height="17">15</td>
<td style="border-top:none;border-left:none">0.056</td>
<td style="border-top:none;border-left:none">17.7</td>
<td style="border-top:none;border-left:none">35.5</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height:12.75pt" height="17">
<td style="height:12.75pt;border-top:none" height="17">20</td>
<td style="border-top:none;border-left:none">0.093</td>
<td style="border-top:none;border-left:none">10.8</td>
<td style="border-top:none;border-left:none">21.6</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height:12.75pt" height="17">
<td style="height:12.75pt;border-top:none" height="17">25</td>
<td style="border-top:none;border-left:none">0.150</td>
<td style="border-top:none;border-left:none">6.7</td>
<td style="border-top:none;border-left:none">13.3</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height:12.75pt" height="17">
<td style="height:12.75pt;border-top:none" height="17">30</td>
<td style="border-top:none;border-left:none">0.233</td>
<td style="border-top:none;border-left:none">4.3</td>
<td style="border-top:none;border-left:none">8.6</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height:12.75pt" height="17">
<td style="height:12.75pt;border-top:none" height="17">35</td>
<td style="border-top:none;border-left:none">0.336</td>
<td style="border-top:none;border-left:none">3.0</td>
<td style="border-top:none;border-left:none">6.0</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height:12.75pt" height="17">
<td style="height:12.75pt;border-top:none" height="17">40</td>
<td style="border-top:none;border-left:none">0.434</td>
<td style="border-top:none;border-left:none">2.3</td>
<td style="border-top:none;border-left:none">4.6</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height:13.5pt" height="18">
<td style="height:13.5pt;border-top:none" height="18">45</td>
<td style="border-top:none;border-left:none">0.502</td>
<td style="border-top:none;border-left:none">2.0</td>
<td style="border-top:none;border-left:none">4.0</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<br>
I hope this is some help,<br>
<pre cols="72">HOOROO
Mr Paul Harris</pre><div><div class="h5">
<div>On 06-Jun-16 1:30 PM, Anand Karve
wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote type="cite">
<div dir="ltr">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><b>Biogas
technology revisited</b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center">Dr.A.D.Karve</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center">Samuchit
Enviro Tech
P. Ltd. Law College Road, Ekata Park Co-Op. Housing Society,
Behind Nirmitee
Showroom, Erandawane, Pune 411 004 (<a href="mailto:adkarve@gmail.com" target="_blank">adkarve@gmail.com</a>)</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%">Abstract: In spite
of new knowledge
gained since the advent of the 21<sup>st</sup> century the
biogas researchers still
use some of the older concepts. The new
concepts pointed out in this article are 1) Because the biogas
producing
microbes reside in the intestines of animals, they eat what
the animals eat. 2)
Breeding super-methanogens can be achieved, but their use in a
biogas plant
would not be practical, as it would be impossible to maintain
them. 3) All
animals represent living biogas plants, and therefore the
fecal matter of
animals is the effluent slurry of a biogas plant. The biogas
producing microbes
are found universally in the fecal matter of animals because
they exit the
animal body along with dung. 4)Even the
anaerobic microbes need oxygen for their metabolism. They
extract the
chemically bound oxygen from their feedstock. Therefore,
feedstock of a biogas plant must
have oxygen in its chemical make up. The same is also true of
food eaten by
animals. 5)The value called % volatile solids actually
represents the %
digestibility of the concerned substance. 6)There is no
justification for
laying emphasis on the C/N ratio of a feedstock. 7) There is
no justification
for laying emphasis on the hydraulic retention time of a
biogas plant. It is a
useless concept. 8) In a biphasic system, the feedstock is
first treated
aerobically and then subjected to anaerobic conditions. This
is wrong, because
most of the organic carbon, which would have yielded methane
in the anaerobic
phase, gets oxidized in the aerobic phase itself, leading to
drastic reduction
in the methane yield.</p>
</div>
<div class="gmail_extra"><br clear="all">
<div>
<div data-smartmail="gmail_signature">***<br>
Dr. A.D. Karve<br>
<br>
Chairman, Samuchit Enviro Tech Pvt Ltd (<a href="http://www.samuchit.com" target="_blank"></a><a href="http://www.samuchit.com" target="_blank">www.samuchit.com</a>)<br>
<br>
Trustee & Founder President, Appropriate Rural
Technology Institute (ARTI)<br>
</div>
</div>
<br>
<div class="gmail_quote">On Mon, Jun 6, 2016 at 6:44 AM, Kelvin
masule <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:kmasule97@gmail.com" target="_blank">kmasule97@gmail.com</a>></span>
wrote:<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
<p>Guys do u have any information about biogas? </p>
<br>
_______________________________________________<br>
Digestion mailing list<br>
<br>
to Send a Message to the list, use the email address<br>
<a href="mailto:Digestion@bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">Digestion@bioenergylists.org</a><br>
<br>
to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page<br>
<a href="http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/digestion_lists.bioenergylists.org" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/digestion_lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br>
<br>
for more information about digestion, see<br>
Beginner's Guide to Biogas<br>
<a href="http://www.adelaide.edu.au/biogas/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://www.adelaide.edu.au/biogas/</a><br>
and the Biogas Wiki <a href="http://biogas.wikispaces.com/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://biogas.wikispaces.com/</a><br>
<br>
<br>
</blockquote>
</div>
<br>
</div>
<br>
<fieldset></fieldset>
<br>
<pre>_______________________________________________
Digestion mailing list
to Send a Message to the list, use the email address
<a href="mailto:Digestion@bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">Digestion@bioenergylists.org</a>
to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page
<a href="http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/digestion_lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/digestion_lists.bioenergylists.org</a>
for more information about digestion, see
Beginner's Guide to Biogas
<a href="http://www.adelaide.edu.au/biogas/" target="_blank">http://www.adelaide.edu.au/biogas/</a>
and the Biogas Wiki <a href="http://biogas.wikispaces.com/" target="_blank">http://biogas.wikispaces.com/</a>
</pre>
</blockquote>
<br>
</div></div></div>
<br>_______________________________________________<br>
Digestion mailing list<br>
<br>
to Send a Message to the list, use the email address<br>
<a href="mailto:Digestion@bioenergylists.org">Digestion@bioenergylists.org</a><br>
<br>
to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page<br>
<a href="http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/digestion_lists.bioenergylists.org" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/digestion_lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br>
<br>
for more information about digestion, see the Biogas Wiki <a href="http://biogas.wikispaces.com/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://biogas.wikispaces.com/</a><br>
<br>
<br></blockquote></div><br><br clear="all"><br>-- <br><div class="gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><br><span style="color:rgb(0,0,102);font-family:comic sans ms,sans-serif"><span><b><span style="color:rgb(0,0,102);font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><img src="https://docs.google.com/uc?export=download&id=0ByaPavP2ev0uNjJtZlp3NkpvZkk&revid=0ByaPavP2ev0uZnVLWmEwL3JXWGxjV1ZoMUlrdVpaRkE4N1M4PQ" height="73" width="129"></span></b></span><br>Regards.<br><br>Murali Krishna<br></span><b><span style="color:rgb(0,0,102);font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><br></span></b><div style="text-align:center"><div style="text-align:center"><b><span style="color:rgb(0,0,102);font-family:verdana,sans-serif"> <br></span></b><div><font size="1"><b><font style="color:rgb(255,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><i><font style="font-family:georgia,serif" face="georgia, bookman old style, palatino linotype, book antiqua, palatino, trebuchet ms, helvetica, garamond, sans-serif, arial, verdana, avante garde, century gothic, comic sans ms, times, times new roman, serif"></font></i></font></b></font></div><b><br style="color:rgb(255,0,0)"></b><div><b><span style="color:rgb(255,0,0)"></span></b><br>
<span style="color:rgb(39,78,19)"><font size="4"><span style="color:rgb(0,255,0)">Protect Mother Nature</span></font><b><br></b></span></div><br></div></div><b><br></b></div></div></div></div>
</div>