[Gasification] raising H2 concentration in downdraftgasification

[Kevin]

Dear Tom and Rex

What would you think of the following possibilities:

1: Take the gas products from Tom's first reaction and react with 
superheated steam as follows:

6CO + 6 H2O + 5 H2 ==> 6 CO2 + 11 H2

and

2: Take the char resulting from wood pyrolysis, and react with superheated 
steam, and sufficient oxygen to maintain an endothermic energy balance as 
follows

xC + (x-1)O2 + 2H2O => CO2 + 2H2 + (x-1)CO2

(Neither of these possible reactions are rigorously correct because of the 
equilibrium between CO/CO2, and H2/H2O.)

Best wishes,

Kevin

----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Thomas Reed" <tombreed2010 at gmail.com>
To: "Discussion of biomass pyrolysis and gasification" 
<gasification at lists.bioenergylists.org>
Cc: <gasification at lists.bioenergylists.org>
Sent: Sunday, December 22, 2013 6:08 PM
Subject: Re: [Gasification] raising H2 concentration in 
downdraftgasification


Dear Rex and All

Rex is looking for a higher hydrogen content than producer gas from wood 
(below).

Cellulose, C6H10O5, is rich in C, H and O.  It is also quite volatile, 
vaporizing at ~ 330C and making a good fuel gas

C6H10O5 + 1/2 O2 ===> 6CO + 5 H2

 (Plus 2N2 on each side if you use air rather than O2)

This is probably the principle gas burning in the BEF WoodStove,




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And the 20% lignin in the wood converts to ~20% 500-600 C charcoal, superior 
to commercial charcoals made at 400C.

This is "pyrolysis gas" or "cellulose gas", quite different from the 
producer gas made when the charcoal is also gasified, which greatly dilutes 
the hydrogen.

Comments?

Thomas B Reed
280 Hardwick Rd
Barre, Ma 01005
508-353-7841

> On Dec 20, 2013, at 2:32 AM, "Rex Zietsman" <rex at whitfieldfarm.co.za> 
> wrote:
>
> Hi All,
>
> The deafening silence on this post is quite interesting. At the very least 
> I
> would have thought that someone would have suggested adding steam to the
> reduction zone. What about a charcoal gasifier with steam addition?
>
> Any comments on a 1.6MW/2MW thermal gasifier?
>
> Kind regards
> Rex
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Rex Zietsman [mailto:rex at whitfieldfarm.co.za]
> Sent: 16 December 2013 09:57 AM
> Subject: raising H2 concentration in downdraft gasification
>
> Hi All,
>
> We are looking at a system that will hydrotreat bio oils from pyrolysis,
> catalytic cracking and vegetable oil. For this we need in the region of 
> 30kg
> hydrogen/ton oil. At small scale ie 1 ton oil/hour, this works out at, you
> guessed it, 30kg of hydrogen/hour. As this is a small amount in the 
> overall
> scheme of things, we are looking at gasifying wood chips and to recover 
> the
> hydrogen using pressure swing absorption. What I would like to know is
> whether we can increase the H2 concentration in syngas by tweaking the
> gasifier. Clearly we can look at the water gas shift reaction but, as the
> syngas has to be cooled, washed, pressurised and reheated, it is quite an
> additional investment for the scale we are looking at. If we could simply 
> up
> the H2 content, we would go straight from washing to PSA. Residual gas 
> would
> be piped to a diesel generator where CO and the like will be combusted 
> prior
> to exhaust to atmosphere.
>
> For easy mental arithmetic, let us assume a 33% H2 concentration in dry
> syngas. 30kg/hour of H2 is 15kmol/hour or 15/0.33 = 45kmol/hour of syngas. 
> A
> kmol of gas has a volume of 22.4 Nm3. So, to get 30kg/hour requires 22.4 x
> 45 = 1000 Nm3 syngas/hour (mental arithmetic here, go with the flow).
> Assuming an 80% PSA recovery this means that we need 1250Nm3/hour of 
> syngas.
> Not a bad sized downdraft gasifier! Assuming 6MJ/Nm3, this is around a 2MW
> thermal unit. If we can get the H2 concentration up to say 40%, then the
> syngas requirement would be 37.5kmol/hour or 37.5/45 x 1250 = roughly 80% 
> of
> 1250 or roughly 1000 Nm3 syngas/hour. This reduces the size of gasifier to
> 1.6MW thermal and more sensible in size.
>
>
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