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<DIV>>( below this depth, groundwater is saline),</DIV>
<DIV> I would venture a guess that it would stay bonded to sodium as
per chemical bond nacl .. what happens in the crystallization stage
with pressure and hydrocarbons ????</DIV>
<DIV>H.</DIV></DIV>
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<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial">----- Original Message ----- </DIV>
<DIV
style="FONT: 10pt arial; BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; font-color: black"><B>From:</B>
<A title=gfwhell@aol.com href="mailto:gfwhell@aol.com">GF</A> </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>To:</B> <A
title=gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org
href="mailto:gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org">gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org</A>
</DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Sent:</B> Monday, February 14, 2011 2:47
PM</DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Subject:</B> Re: [Gasification] 300 Megawatt
Power Plant</DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV><FONT color=black size=2 face=arial>
<DIV>What happens to the chlorine component in the underground
reaction.<BR>when using salt water. Chlorine is really unfriendly to metals
including stainless steel. </DIV>
<DIV>what sort of conduit is to be used for conducting the hot product
to the surface for refinement?</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>GF<BR></DIV>
<DIV style="CLEAR: both"></DIV><BR><BR>
<DIV
style="FONT-FAMILY: arial,helvetica; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">-----Original
Message-----<BR>From: Henri Naths <<A
href="mailto:c_hnaths@telusplanet.net">c_hnaths@telusplanet.net</A>><BR>To:
<A
href="mailto:Gasification@bioenergylists.org">Gasification@bioenergylists.org</A><BR>Sent:
Mon, Feb 14, 2011 1:54 pm<BR>Subject: [Gasification] 300 Megawatt Power
Plant<BR><BR>
<DIV id=AOLMsgPart_4_7913b0fd-77bd-4e50-bc36-6402fae19eb6>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>
<DIV align=left><SPAN style="FONT-STYLE: italic"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><SPAN
style="COLOR: rgb(255,69,0); TEXT-DECORATION: underline"
class=Apple-style-span><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: x-large; TEXT-DECORATION: underline"
class=Apple-style-span><FONT
size=2></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN> </DIV>
<DIV align=left><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Dear list
and all</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV align=left><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">I believe
there some techincal issues involved with this gasification process. All
comments are appreciated.</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV align=left><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Thanks
</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV align=left><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Henri
</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV align=left><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"></SPAN> </DIV>
<DIV align=left><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">
<DIV align=left><SPAN style="FONT-STYLE: italic"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><SPAN
style="COLOR: rgb(255,69,0); TEXT-DECORATION: underline"
class=Apple-style-span><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: x-large; TEXT-DECORATION: underline"
class=Apple-style-span><STRONG> </STRONG></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000000><SPAN
style="TEXT-DECORATION: underline"><SPAN
style="COLOR: rgb(255,69,0); TEXT-DECORATION: underline"
class=Apple-style-span><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: x-large"
class=Apple-style-span><FONT size=2>$1.5
Billion</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: large"
class=Apple-style-span> </SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: large"
class=Apple-style-span><FONT size=2>Swan Hills Synfuels
Project</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></DIV> </SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">was announced by the Alberta
Government. This project will manufacture clean synthetic gas
from </SPAN></DIV>
<DIV align=left><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><SPAN
class=goog_qs-tidbit-0>deep coal deposits to fuel a new </SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><SPAN class=goog_qs-tidbit-0>300 Megawatt Power
Plant </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=goog_qs-tidbit-0>to be built at
Whitecourt. This transformative project</SPAN></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV align=left><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><SPAN
class=goog_qs-tidbit-0> is a whole new way to generate clean</SPAN>
electricity, using Alberta's vast, deep stranded coal
reserves. </SPAN></DIV>
<DIV align=left><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"
class=Apple-style-span><FONT size=2><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">Whitecourt
will have the Province's first clean power source !</SPAN><BR><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">In July 2010 Town Council approved the next 20 acre
Phase of the Hilltop Industrial area. Infrastructure work will commence
immediately in order to have lots available for early spring 2011 to support
the growth form the above project. In addition Pembina Pipelines
announced the final approval of their NIPISI & MITSUE pipeline projects in
the Judy Creek area. They are expected to provide 1,000 short term
construction jobs. </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV align=left><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 14pt"
class=Apple-style-span><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"></SPAN></SPAN> </DIV>
<DIV align=left><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 14pt"
class=Apple-style-span><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><FONT size=2>In situ coal
is converted into a gas by piping saline water and pure oxygen down an
injection well. </FONT></DIV>
<DIV class=Body align=left><FONT size=2>The resulting combustion, plus the
steam created by it, converts the coal into gas that flows up a production
well to a surface gas-separation plant. </FONT>
<DIV class=Body align=left><FONT size=2>The project will drill about 20 pairs
of injection and production wells. </FONT>
<DIV class=Body align=left><FONT size=2>“The gas is taken to a plant where the
CO2 is removed,” said Shaigec. (managing director for Swanhills Synfuels
)</FONT>
<DIV class=Body align=left><FONT size=2>“We then have finished syngas, that is
dispatched to a pipeline and then to the generator.” </FONT>
<DIV class=Body align=left><FONT size=2>This low-carbon gas will be used to
fuel a new 300 MW power plant to be built near Whitecourt, Alberta.
</FONT></DIV>
<H2><FONT size=2>Gasification History</FONT></H2>
<DIV><FONT size=2>Gasification was first developed in the 1800s and has been
used commercially throughout the world for more than 100 years. A variety of
industries have utilized the technology including chemical production,
fertilizer manufacturing, and electrical power generation. Today, the majority
of the operating gasification plants worldwide are surface gasification plants
designed to produce chemicals, fuels, electricity, and
fertilizers.</FONT></DIV>
<H2><FONT size=2>Gasification Market</FONT></H2>
<DIV><FONT size=2>As of 2008, there were 420 gasifiers at 140 facilities in
operation globally, the majority of these being surface gasification plants
(source – GTC). World gasification capacity is projected to grow by more than
70% by 2015 with much of the growth occurring in Asia (source – GTC). A number
of factors contribute to a growing interest in gasification, including
volatile oil and natural gas prices, more stringent environmental regulations,
and a growing consensus that CO<SUB>2</SUB> management should be required in
power generation and energy production.</FONT></DIV>
<H2><FONT size=2>How does Gasification work?</FONT></H2>
<DIV><FONT size=2>Feedstock (for ISCG it is deep coal) is exposed to high
temperature and high pressure. In the presence of steam at these conditions a
series of chemical reactions occur which convert the feedstock into
syngas.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2>In the case of ISCG, this chemical conversion of the deep
coal happens in place in its original seam. The resultant syngas created
consists primarily of hydrogen, methane, carbon dioxide, and carbon
monoxide.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2>To create this chemical conversion, two wells are drilled
into the deep coal seam. A horizontal injection well is used to introduce
oxygen and water into the seam; the oxygen supports a limited and controlled
amount of combustion, raising the temperature of the coal and boiling the
water to generate steam.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2>The naturally existing deep underground pressure, along with
the elevated coal temperature and the presence of steam, together form the
right conditions to gasify the coal. The vertical production well is used to
conduct the raw syngas to the surface. Char and ash, which are remnants of the
original coal, remain deep underground.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2>Figure 1. ISCG Well Pair Schematic<BR></FONT><IMG
class="alignnone size-full wp-image-290" title=img_iscg_diagram alt=""
src="http://swanhills-synfuels.com/wp-content/media/img_iscg_diagram.png"
width=380 height=372></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2>The coal seam for ISCG development at the Swan Hills
Synfuels site is 1400 m beneath the surface, approximately 800 m below the
Base of Groundwater Protection (depth limit of fresh groundwater – below this
depth, groundwater is saline), eliminating potential for fresh groundwater
contamination. Saline water is used for injection into the coal seam through
the horizontal well, virtually eliminating the need for fresh water in the
ISCG process. </FONT></DIV></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></DIV></DIV><!-- end of AOLMsgPart_4_7913b0fd-77bd-4e50-bc36-6402fae19eb6 -->
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