<html><body bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><div>Dear Heni</div><div><br></div><div>Using my magic numbers, I believe the heat of reaction of coal with water</div><div><br></div><div>CH + H2O. ==> CO+ H2</div><div><br></div><div>540. 0. 280. 280</div><div><br></div><div>540. ==>. 560</div><div><br></div><div>Is 20 kJ/ mole. (Exothermic)</div><div><br></div><div>(I can make a more accurate calculation with my spreadsheet numbers, but seldom do.)</div><div><br></div><div>--------</div><div><br></div><div>It is a shame JUST to burn this gas. I urge you first to take it through a one pass catalyst and make FT diesel or methanol. These are much higher value products for us motorists.</div><div><br></div><div>Yours truly (as they used to say)</div><div><br></div><div>Tom Reed</div><div><br></div><div>AKA<br><br>Dr Thomas B Reed<div>President, The Biomass Energy Foundation</div><div><a href="http://www.Woodgas.com">www.Woodgas.com</a></div></div><div><br>On Feb 14, 2011, at 10:54 AM, "Henri Naths" <<a href="mailto:c_hnaths@telusplanet.net">c_hnaths@telusplanet.net</a>> wrote:<br><br></div><div></div><blockquote type="cite"><div>
<div><font size="2" face="Arial">
<div align="left"><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><span style="COLOR: rgb(255,69,0); TEXT-DECORATION: underline" class="Apple-style-span"><span style="FONT-SIZE: x-large; TEXT-DECORATION: underline" class="Apple-style-span"><font size="2"></font></span></span></span></span> </div>
<div align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Dear list and
all</span></div>
<div align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">I believe
there some techincal issues involved with this gasification process. All
comments are appreciated.</span></div>
<div align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Thanks
</span></div>
<div align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Henri
</span></div>
<div align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"></span> </div>
<div align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">
<div align="left"><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><span style="COLOR: rgb(255,69,0); TEXT-DECORATION: underline" class="Apple-style-span"><span style="FONT-SIZE: x-large; TEXT-DECORATION: underline" class="Apple-style-span"><strong> </strong></span></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2"><font color="#000000"><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: underline"><span style="COLOR: rgb(255,69,0); TEXT-DECORATION: underline" class="Apple-style-span"><span style="FONT-SIZE: x-large" class="Apple-style-span"><font size="2">$1.5
Billion</font></span></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: large" class="Apple-style-span"> </span></font></font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><span style="FONT-SIZE: large" class="Apple-style-span"><font size="2">Swan Hills Synfuels
Project</font></span></span></span></div> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">was announced by the Alberta
Government. This project will manufacture clean synthetic gas
from </span></div>
<div align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span class="goog_qs-tidbit-0">deep coal deposits to fuel a new </span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><span class="goog_qs-tidbit-0">300 Megawatt Power Plant
</span></span><span class="goog_qs-tidbit-0">to be built at Whitecourt. This
transformative project</span></span></div>
<div align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span class="goog_qs-tidbit-0"> is a whole new way to generate clean</span>
electricity, using Alberta's vast, deep stranded coal
reserves. </span></div>
<div align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 12pt" class="Apple-style-span"><font size="2"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">Whitecourt
will have the Province's first clean power source !</span><br><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">In July 2010 Town Council approved the next 20 acre
Phase of the Hilltop Industrial area. Infrastructure work will commence
immediately in order to have lots available for early spring 2011 to support the
growth form the above project. In addition Pembina Pipelines announced the
final approval of their NIPISI & MITSUE pipeline projects in the Judy Creek
area. They are expected to provide 1,000 short term construction jobs.
</span></font></span></div>
<div align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 14pt" class="Apple-style-span"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"></span></span> </div>
<div align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 14pt" class="Apple-style-span"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font size="2">In situ coal
is converted into a gas by piping saline water and pure oxygen down an injection
well. </font></span></span></div>
<p class="Body" align="left"><font size="2">The resulting combustion, plus the steam
created by it, converts the coal into gas that flows up a production well to a
surface gas-separation plant. </font>
</p><p class="Body" align="left"><font size="2">The project will drill about 20 pairs of
injection and production wells. </font>
</p><p class="Body" align="left"><font size="2">“The gas is taken to a plant where the CO2
is removed,” said Shaigec. (managing director for Swanhills Synfuels )</font>
</p><p class="Body" align="left"><font size="2">“We then have finished syngas, that is
dispatched to a pipeline and then to the generator.” </font>
</p><p class="Body" align="left"><font size="2">This low-carbon gas will be used to fuel a
new 300 MW power plant to be built near Whitecourt, Alberta. </font></p>
<h2><font size="2">Gasification History</font></h2>
<p><font size="2">Gasification was first developed in the 1800s and has been used
commercially throughout the world for more than 100 years. A variety of
industries have utilized the technology including chemical production,
fertilizer manufacturing, and electrical power generation. Today, the majority
of the operating gasification plants worldwide are surface gasification plants
designed to produce chemicals, fuels, electricity, and fertilizers.</font></p>
<h2><font size="2">Gasification Market</font></h2>
<p><font size="2">As of 2008, there were 420 gasifiers at 140 facilities in
operation globally, the majority of these being surface gasification plants
(source – GTC). World gasification capacity is projected to grow by more than
70% by 2015 with much of the growth occurring in Asia (source – GTC). A number
of factors contribute to a growing interest in gasification, including volatile
oil and natural gas prices, more stringent environmental regulations, and a
growing consensus that CO<sub>2</sub> management should be required in power
generation and energy production.</font></p>
<h2><font size="2">How does Gasification work?</font></h2>
<p><font size="2">Feedstock (for ISCG it is deep coal) is exposed to high
temperature and high pressure. In the presence of steam at these conditions a
series of chemical reactions occur which convert the feedstock into
syngas.</font></p>
<p><font size="2">In the case of ISCG, this chemical conversion of the deep coal
happens in place in its original seam. The resultant syngas created consists
primarily of hydrogen, methane, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide.</font></p>
<p><font size="2">To create this chemical conversion, two wells are drilled into
the deep coal seam. A horizontal injection well is used to introduce oxygen and
water into the seam; the oxygen supports a limited and controlled amount of
combustion, raising the temperature of the coal and boiling the water to
generate steam.</font></p>
<p><font size="2">The naturally existing deep underground pressure, along with the
elevated coal temperature and the presence of steam, together form the right
conditions to gasify the coal. The vertical production well is used to conduct
the raw syngas to the surface. Char and ash, which are remnants of the original
coal, remain deep underground.</font></p>
<p><font size="2">Figure 1. ISCG Well Pair Schematic<br></font><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-290" title="img_iscg_diagram" alt="" src="http://swanhills-synfuels.com/wp-content/media/img_iscg_diagram.png" width="380" height="372"></p>
<p><font size="2">The coal seam for ISCG development at the Swan Hills Synfuels
site is 1400 m beneath the surface, approximately 800 m below the Base of
Groundwater Protection (depth limit of fresh groundwater – below this depth,
groundwater is saline), eliminating potential for fresh groundwater
contamination. Saline water is used for injection into the coal seam through the
horizontal well, virtually eliminating the need for fresh water in the ISCG
process. </font></p></font></div>
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