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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Hi Toby,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>I think I see what you mean by the “balloons”. So I would ask this question: “If a mixture of gases (as represented by the ‘normal’ Earth’s atmosphere) would stratify as you suggest, wouldn’t one expect the atmosphere to have a different composition at every discrete altitude?” Or: “Wouldn’t all the CO<sub>2</sub> have suffocated us by now, even if it is only 0.035% of the atmosphere? (If the atmosphere were 100,000 ft thick, that would still be 35-feet.)”<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Intended to be a thought experiment. Sometimes though experiments can save time and money.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Best regards, Mark<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> gasification-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org [mailto:gasification-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Toby Seiler<br><b>Sent:</b> Saturday, March 05, 2011 3:54 PM<br><b>To:</b> gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org<br><b>Subject:</b> [Gasification] sidebar Ideal Gas Law for engineering<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p> </o:p></p><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width=624 style='width:6.5in;margin-left:.5in'><tr><td valign=top style='padding:0in 0in 0in 0in'><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:4.0pt'>Daniel and all,<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:4.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:4.0pt'>That's a great explanation and helps a lot. I see the proportionality in relation to absolute pressure and temperature. It validates use of an inter-cooler and away from heated incoming air, even into ones gasifier, I believe, as far as putting oxygen into the device. <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:4.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:4.0pt'>I'm speculating here, but thinking of making and trying an oxygen enhancing low pressure system, from lots of long tubular balloons? Oxygen, being a slight bit lighter than nitrogen, could be taken from the low point, and since under pressure, have some portion of the rejected nitrogen and combined air-nitrogen discharged through an orifice at the high point. <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:4.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:4.0pt'>I see at the end of your post that air, with gasoline fuel at 12-1 and 15-1 ratio, has 2.4 and 3 lbs of oxygen per pound of fuel respectfully (rounding to 20% O/air). Isn't the target ratio of producer gas to oxygen one to one in an IC engine? Or is that 1lb air, thus 1/5 the oxygen or a 5-1 ratio for producer gas to air? The car guys are generally using a 50% air and 50% producer gas ratio, which would seem to validate the 5-1 ratio of gas to oxygen by weight. <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:4.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:4.0pt'>I'm sure with the numbers you provided I can figure flow rates at each stage. I will verify my flow so sizing is correct before cutting/welding. I purchased some 4" and 6" dia 304 stainless pipe at a salvage company and have a SS air tank for some of the hot section heat recovery from the second stage reactor (and I think enough for a steam superheater... part of final gas cooling). <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:4.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:4.0pt'>Gas out starts at about 1800f from the x-flow reactor, as gas from stage one is burned and reformed into synthesis gas going through the char bed. The gas outlet is direct coupled to the heat recovery, flowing first to heat stage one incoming fuel, then to a steam superheater and then to a water boiler. It's a CHP arrangement, since massive amounts of heat have to be removed in prooducer-synthesis (prosyn) gas cooling. <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:4.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:4.0pt'>Thanks for your explanation. Mole remains a small fuzzy creature.<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:4.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:4.0pt'>Toby <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:4.0pt'>Seilertechco<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:4.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:4.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:4.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:4.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></p></div></td></tr></table><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:4.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:.5in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div></body></html>