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<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>correction, H2 molecules</FONT></DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 2px solid; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial">----- Original Message ----- </DIV>
<DIV
style="BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; FONT: 10pt arial; font-color: black"><B>From:</B>
<A title=mark@ludlow.com href="mailto:mark@ludlow.com">Mark Ludlow</A> </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>To:</B> <A title=linvent@aol.com
href="mailto:linvent@aol.com">'Leland T Taylor'</A> ; <A
title=gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org
href="mailto:gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org">'Discussion of biomass
pyrolysis and gasification'</A> </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Sent:</B> Saturday, March 05, 2011 10:45
PM</DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Subject:</B> Re: [Gasification] sidebar Ideal
Gas Law for engineering</DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV class=WordSection1>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'">…and the
phenomenon of diffusion. It’s not a theoretical impossibility, either, given
several thousand ultra-high-speed gas centrifuges cascaded
together.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<DIV
style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: #b5c4df 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 3pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><B><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'">From:</SPAN></B><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'"> <A
href="mailto:gasification-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org">gasification-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org</A>
[mailto:gasification-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org] <B>On Behalf Of
</B>Leland T Taylor<BR><B>Sent:</B> Saturday, March 05, 2011 9:53
PM<BR><B>To:</B> Discussion of biomass pyrolysis and
gasification<BR><B>Subject:</B> Re: [Gasification] sidebar Ideal Gas Law for
engineering<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 12pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: 4.0pt">Except
for the moving atmosphere, thermal effects of circulation etc.<BR>Tom
Taylor<BR><BR><BR><o:p></o:p></P>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: 4.0pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #999999; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">--
Sent from my Palm Pixi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: 4.0pt"><SPAN
style="COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana','sans-serif'"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<DIV class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: 4.0pt"><SPAN
style="COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana','sans-serif'">
<HR align=left width="75%" SIZE=2>
</SPAN></DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 12pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: 4.0pt"><SPAN
style="COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana','sans-serif'">On Mar 5, 2011 8:08
PM, Mark Ludlow <mark@ludlow.com> wrote: <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><SPAN
style="COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'">Hi
Toby,</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: navy"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><SPAN
style="COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'">I think I see what
you mean by the “balloons”. So I would ask this question: “If a mixture of
gases (as represented by the ‘normal’ Earth’s atmosphere) would stratify as
you suggest, wouldn’t one expect the atmosphere to have a different
composition at every discrete altitude?” Or: “Wouldn’t all the CO<SUB>2</SUB>
have suffocated us by now, even if it is only 0.035% of the atmosphere? (If
the atmosphere were 100,000 ft thick, that would still be
35-feet.)”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: navy"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><SPAN
style="COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'"> </SPAN><SPAN
style="COLOR: navy"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><SPAN
style="COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'">Intended to be a
thought experiment. Sometimes though experiments can save time and
money.</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: navy"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><SPAN
style="COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'">Best regards,
Mark</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: navy"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><SPAN
style="COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'"> </SPAN><SPAN
style="COLOR: navy"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<DIV
style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: #b5c4df 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 3pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none">
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><B><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'">From:</SPAN></B><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'">
gasification-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org
[mailto:gasification-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org] <B>On Behalf Of
</B>Toby Seiler<BR><B>Sent:</B> Saturday, March 05, 2011 3:54 PM<BR><B>To:</B>
gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org<BR><B>Subject:</B> [Gasification]
sidebar Ideal Gas Law for engineering</SPAN><SPAN
style="COLOR: navy"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><SPAN
style="COLOR: navy"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<TABLE class=MsoNormalTable style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in; WIDTH: 6.5in"
cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width=624 border=0>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; PADDING-TOP: 0in"
vAlign=top>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-TOP: 4pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto">Daniel and
all,<o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-TOP: 4pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"> <o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-TOP: 4pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto">That's a great
explanation and helps a lot. I see the proportionality in relation
to absolute pressure and temperature. It validates use of an
inter-cooler and away from heated incoming air, even into ones
gasifier, I believe, as far as putting oxygen into the
device. <o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-TOP: 4pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"> <o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-TOP: 4pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto">I'm speculating
here, but thinking of making and trying an oxygen enhancing low
pressure system, from lots of long tubular balloons? Oxygen,
being a slight bit lighter than nitrogen, could be taken
from the low point, and since under pressure, have some portion of
the rejected nitrogen and combined air-nitrogen discharged through an
orifice at the high point. <o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-TOP: 4pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"> <o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-TOP: 4pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto">I see at the end of
your post that air, with gasoline fuel at 12-1 and 15-1 ratio, has
2.4 and 3 lbs of oxygen per pound of fuel respectfully (rounding to 20%
O/air). Isn't the target ratio of producer gas to oxygen one
to one in an IC engine? Or is that 1lb air, thus 1/5 the oxygen or
a 5-1 ratio for producer gas to air? The car guys are generally
using a 50% air and 50% producer gas ratio, which would seem to validate
the 5-1 ratio of gas to oxygen by weight. <o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-TOP: 4pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"> <o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-TOP: 4pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto">I'm sure with the
numbers you provided I can figure flow rates at each stage. I
will verify my flow so sizing is correct before cutting/welding.
I purchased some 4" and 6" dia 304 stainless pipe at a
salvage company and have a SS air tank for some of the hot section heat
recovery from the second stage reactor (and I think enough for a steam
superheater... part of final gas cooling).
<o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-TOP: 4pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"> <o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-TOP: 4pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto">Gas out starts at
about 1800f from the x-flow reactor, as gas from stage
one is burned and reformed into synthesis gas going through the char
bed. The gas outlet is direct coupled to the heat recovery,
flowing first to heat stage one incoming fuel, then to
a steam superheater and then to a water boiler.
It's a CHP arrangement, since massive amounts of heat have to be removed
in prooducer-synthesis (prosyn) gas
cooling. <o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-TOP: 4pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"> <o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-TOP: 4pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto">Thanks for your
explanation. Mole remains a small fuzzy
creature.<o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-TOP: 4pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"> <o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-TOP: 4pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto">Toby
<o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-TOP: 4pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto">Seilertechco<o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-TOP: 4pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"> <o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-TOP: 4pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"> <o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-TOP: 4pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"> <o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-TOP: 4pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"> <o:p></o:p></P></DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 1in; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: 4.0pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'"> </SPAN><SPAN
style="COLOR: navy"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV></DIV>
<P>
<HR>
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