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<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>Dear Tom</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>Thanks very much for the specific real numbers for
the energy available from a pound of Aluminum.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>Assuming that scrap Aluminum sells for $1 per
pound, then the cost of the energy in the Hydrogen produced is thus $1/3.3 =
$.30 per kw-hr, assuming 100% conversion to Hydrogen. </FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>In comparison, purchased wood pellets cost about $5
per 40 pound bag, or $.125 per pound, and each pound of pellets contains about
8,500 BTU, or about 2.5 kw-hr per pound. In this case, the cost of
contained energy is about $.125/2.5 = $.05 per kw-hr, ie, about 1/6 as
much.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>As I understand it, the best practical efficiency
of a Fuel Cell running on Hydrogen is about 60%; this would cost of energy for
electricity of about $.30/.6 = $.50 per kw-hr.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>A biomass gasifier has a typical efficiency of
about 70%, giving a cost of the gas energy of about $.05/.7 = $.071 per kw-hr.
If this gas is sent to an internal combustion engine with an efficiency of 25%,
shaft power thus costs about $.284 per kw-hr; if the shaft was connected to a
generator with 80% efficiency, then the energy cost of power from high cost wood
pellets would be about $.284/.8 = $.357 per kw-hr.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>There was a discussion about an "Earth Battery"
using Aluminum as the energy source. Would you have any idea of the conversion
efficiency of Aluminum to Electricity in such an "Earth Cell?" More
particularly, would the efficiency of such an "Earth Cell" be lower than,
approximately equal to, or higher than, a Fuel cell?</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>Thanks, and Best wishes,</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>Kevin</FONT></DIV>
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<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial">----- Original Message ----- </DIV>
<DIV
style="FONT: 10pt arial; BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; font-color: black"><B>From:</B>
<A title=tombreed2010@gmail.com href="mailto:tombreed2010@gmail.com">Thomas
Reed</A> </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>To:</B> <A
title=gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org
href="mailto:gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org">Discussion of biomass
pyrolysis and gasification</A> ; <A title=phoenix98604@msn.com
href="mailto:phoenix98604@msn.com">Art Krenzel</A> </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Cc:</B> <A
title=Gasification@bioenergylists.org
href="mailto:Gasification@bioenergylists.org">Gasification@bioenergylists.org</A>
</DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Sent:</B> Tuesday, July 12, 2011 9:52
PM</DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Subject:</B> Re: [Gasification] CONSERVATION
OF ENERGY</DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV>PS. </DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV>According to my book, THE FREE ENERGY OF BINARY COMPOUNDS (available at
<A href="http://Woodgas.com">Woodgas.com</A>)</DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV>The Enthalpy of combustion of Al </DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV>Al + 3/2 O2 ==> 1/2 Al2O3. Delta H (C) = 178 kcal/mole = 745
kJ/mole. The MW of Al is 27, so this is 27.6 kJ/g or 12,527 kJ/ lb.
1 kW hr is 3.8 MJ, so this is 3.3 kW hr/lb. </DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV>Well worth capturing.</DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV>Tom Reed</DIV>
<DIV><BR>Dr Thomas B Reed
<DIV>President, The Biomass Energy Foundation</DIV>
<DIV><A href="http://www.Woodgas.com">www.Woodgas.com</A></DIV></DIV>
<DIV><BR>On Jul 12, 2011, at 7:51 PM, GF <<A
href="mailto:gfwhell@aol.com">gfwhell@aol.com</A>> wrote:<BR><BR></DIV>
<DIV></DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE type="cite">
<DIV><FONT color=black size=2 face=arial>
<DIV style="FONT-FAMILY: arial,helvetica; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">
<DIV id=AOLMsgPart_1_ec7eb326-b5c9-4d13-8d49-1ff6abd4eb36><FONT color=black
size=2 face=arial>
<DIV style="FONT-FAMILY: arial,helvetica; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">
<DIV id=AOLMsgPart_1_d8a7d03b-426b-4064-8f1f-7f57443426a4><FONT color=black
size=2 face=arial><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"></FONT><BR>
<DIV style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></FONT><O:P><FONT
size=3> </FONT></O:P></DIV>
<DIV style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3>The other day
I posted an article on this site concerning:</FONT></DIV>
<DIV style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Cornish Hydrogen Generator. Keelynet,
<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>which describes a method of
converting</FONT></DIV>
<DIV style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3>Aluminum into
its oxide and in the process cracks water, freeing up hydrogen for use as
fuel for a light car.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3>By all
accounts, using this gas in the place of any other fuel.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3>Distances and
the amount of metal used in this attainment were mentioned.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3>I was hoping
for a reaction from one of the many “Energy Economists”</FONT></DIV>
<DIV style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3>Who lurk on
this site, to respond with negative information regarding the impracticality
and waste fullness of such a process?</FONT></DIV>
<DIV style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3>I believe
there is a large following on this site who are interested in obtaining
electrical power using renewable energy, derived from carbon neutral
sources.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3>They might
question the economics and ethics of using a refined ore as
fuel.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3>Instead of
chopping down oxygen producing vegetation. <SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3>In this
respect I am a nonconformist. I believe most Aluminum is produced by Hydro
electric power and, so the CO2 is not in the equation.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3>My second
comment is harnessing a “free” supply of high temperature heat which is
emitted from most Ice’s in the form of “Hot Exhaust”.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3>This is the
place to install a reactor capable of converting beer cans into hydrogen as
not too much energy would be needed to complete the reaction. Bubbling super
heated steam through a molten bath of <ST1:PLACE w:st="on"><ST1:STATE
w:st="on">AL</ST1:STATE></ST1:PLACE> would give pure hydrogen.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3>No tar, and
the ash is a hot commodity</FONT></DIV>
<DIV style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class=MsoNormal><O:P><FONT
size=3></FONT></O:P></DIV>
<DIV style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3>The real
question is: how much energy is locked up in a pound of <ST1:PLACE
w:st="on"><ST1:STATE w:st="on">AL</ST1:STATE></ST1:PLACE></FONT></DIV>
<DIV style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><ST1:PLACE
w:st="on"><ST1:STATE w:st="on"></ST1:STATE></ST1:PLACE></FONT></DIV>
<DIV style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><ST1:PLACE
w:st="on"><ST1:STATE
w:st="on">gfwhell</ST1:STATE></ST1:PLACE></FONT></DIV><BR>
<DIV style="CLEAR: both"></DIV></FONT></DIV><!-- end of AOLMsgPart_1_d8a7d03b-426b-4064-8f1f-7f57443426a4 --></DIV></FONT></DIV><!-- end of AOLMsgPart_1_ec7eb326-b5c9-4d13-8d49-1ff6abd4eb36 --></DIV></FONT></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE type="cite">
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