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<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>Dear Tom</FONT></DIV>
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style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 2px solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px"
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<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial">----- Original Message ----- </DIV>
<DIV
style="FONT: 10pt arial; BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; font-color: black"><B>From:</B>
<A title=tombreed2010@gmail.com href="mailto:tombreed2010@gmail.com">Thomas
Reed</A> </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>To:</B> <A
title=gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org
href="mailto:gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org">Discussion of biomass
pyrolysis and gasification</A> </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Sent:</B> Tuesday, July 12, 2011 11:16
PM</DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Subject:</B> Re: [Gasification] CONSERVATION
OF ENERGY</DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV>Kevin and All</DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV>> Great job on calculating various energy source costs. Care to
put it in a table?</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>It is difficult to put in a Table, in that
Outlook Express doesn't easily permit making Tables. However, teh results
below can be presented as follows:</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial><STRONG>Material
Energy Content, kw-hr/lb $/Lb Cost of
Energy Cost of Energy, $/kw-hr</STRONG></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>Aluminum
3.3
$1.00
$.30</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>Wood Pellets
2.5
$
.125 $.05</FONT></DIV><FONT
size=2 face=Arial></FONT></BLOCKQUOTE>
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<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT><BR></DIV>
<DIV>> On my website, www. <A href="http://Woodgas.com">Woodgas.com</A>, I
have a section called Energy Rosetta Stone at</DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>> </FONT><A
href="http://www.woodgas.com/energyrosetta.htm">http://www.woodgas.com/energyrosetta.htm</A>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV>> I believe it is an interactive table. It would be interesting
to check your new numbers against mine...</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>This is a very helpful table, and gives a good
perspective on the cost of energy and power from different sources. There
is minor disagreement between my figures and yours, in that for wood pellets,
with about 5% moisture, the heat value per ton is about 17 million BTU per
short ton of 2,000 pounds. There can be large variations in heating value of
biomass, simply as a consequence of moisture content, and your Spreadsheet
allows insertion of a more accurate heating value, if one is
known.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>Best wishes,</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>Kevin</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV>Tom Reed<BR>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV><BR><BR>Dr Thomas B Reed
<DIV>President, The Biomass Energy Foundation</DIV>
<DIV>www.Woodgas.com</DIV></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT><BR>On Jul 12, 2011, at 10:03 PM, "Kevin"
<kchisholm@ca.inter.net> wrote:<BR><BR></DIV>
<DIV></DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE type="cite">
<DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>Dear Tom</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>Thanks very much for the specific real numbers
for the energy available from a pound of Aluminum.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>Assuming that scrap Aluminum sells for $1 per
pound, then the cost of the energy in the Hydrogen produced is thus $1/3.3 =
$.30 per kw-hr, assuming 100% conversion to Hydrogen. </FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>In comparison, purchased wood pellets cost
about $5 per 40 pound bag, or $.125 per pound, and each pound of pellets
contains about 8,500 BTU, or about 2.5 kw-hr per pound. In this
case, the cost of contained energy is about $.125/2.5 = $.05 per kw-hr, ie,
about 1/6 as much.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>As I understand it, the best practical
efficiency of a Fuel Cell running on Hydrogen is about 60%; this would cost
of energy for electricity of about $.30/.6 = $.50 per kw-hr.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>A biomass gasifier has a typical efficiency of
about 70%, giving a cost of the gas energy of about $.05/.7 = $.071 per
kw-hr. If this gas is sent to an internal combustion engine with an
efficiency of 25%, shaft power thus costs about $.284 per kw-hr; if the
shaft was connected to a generator with 80% efficiency, then the energy cost
of power from high cost wood pellets would be about $.284/.8 = $.357 per
kw-hr.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>There was a discussion about an "Earth Battery"
using Aluminum as the energy source. Would you have any idea of the
conversion efficiency of Aluminum to Electricity in such an "Earth Cell?"
More particularly, would the efficiency of such an "Earth Cell" be lower
than, approximately equal to, or higher than, a Fuel cell?</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>Thanks, and Best wishes,</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>Kevin</FONT></DIV>
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dir=ltr>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial">----- Original Message ----- </DIV>
<DIV
style="FONT: 10pt arial; BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; font-color: black"><B>From:</B>
<A title=tombreed2010@gmail.com
href="mailto:tombreed2010@gmail.com">Thomas Reed</A> </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>To:</B> <A
title=gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org
href="mailto:gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org">Discussion of biomass
pyrolysis and gasification</A> ; <A title=phoenix98604@msn.com
href="mailto:phoenix98604@msn.com">Art Krenzel</A> </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Cc:</B> <A
title=Gasification@bioenergylists.org
href="mailto:Gasification@bioenergylists.org">Gasification@bioenergylists.org</A>
</DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Sent:</B> Tuesday, July 12, 2011 9:52
PM</DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Subject:</B> Re: [Gasification]
CONSERVATION OF ENERGY</DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV>PS. </DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV>According to my book, THE FREE ENERGY OF BINARY COMPOUNDS (available
at <A href="http://Woodgas.com">Woodgas.com</A>)</DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV>The Enthalpy of combustion of Al </DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV>Al + 3/2 O2 ==> 1/2 Al2O3. Delta H (C) = 178 kcal/mole =
745 kJ/mole. The MW of Al is 27, so this is 27.6 kJ/g or 12,527 kJ/
lb. 1 kW hr is 3.8 MJ, so this is 3.3 kW hr/lb. </DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV>Well worth capturing.</DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV>Tom Reed</DIV>
<DIV><BR>Dr Thomas B Reed
<DIV>President, The Biomass Energy Foundation</DIV>
<DIV><A href="http://www.Woodgas.com">www.Woodgas.com</A></DIV></DIV>
<DIV><BR>On Jul 12, 2011, at 7:51 PM, GF <<A
href="mailto:gfwhell@aol.com">gfwhell@aol.com</A>> wrote:<BR><BR></DIV>
<DIV></DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE type="cite">
<DIV><FONT color=black size=2 face=arial>
<DIV
style="FONT-FAMILY: arial,helvetica; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">
<DIV id=AOLMsgPart_1_ec7eb326-b5c9-4d13-8d49-1ff6abd4eb36><FONT
color=black size=2 face=arial>
<DIV
style="FONT-FAMILY: arial,helvetica; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">
<DIV id=AOLMsgPart_1_d8a7d03b-426b-4064-8f1f-7f57443426a4><FONT
color=black size=2 face=arial><FONT
face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"></FONT><BR>
<DIV style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></FONT><O:P><FONT
size=3> </FONT></O:P></DIV>
<DIV style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3>The other
day I posted an article on this site concerning:</FONT></DIV>
<DIV style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Cornish Hydrogen Generator.
Keelynet, <SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>which describes a
method of converting</FONT></DIV>
<DIV style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3>Aluminum
into its oxide and in the process cracks water, freeing up hydrogen for
use as fuel for a light car.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3>By all
accounts, using this gas in the place of any other fuel.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3>Distances
and the amount of metal used in this attainment were
mentioned.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3>I was
hoping for a reaction from one of the many “Energy
Economists”</FONT></DIV>
<DIV style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3>Who lurk
on this site, to respond with negative information regarding the
impracticality and waste fullness of such a process?</FONT></DIV>
<DIV style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3>I believe
there is a large following on this site who are interested in obtaining
electrical power using renewable energy, derived from carbon neutral
sources.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3>They might
question the economics and ethics of using a refined ore as
fuel.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3>Instead of
chopping down oxygen producing vegetation. <SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3>In this
respect I am a nonconformist. I believe most Aluminum is produced by
Hydro electric power and, so the CO2 is not in the
equation.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3>My second
comment is harnessing a “free” supply of high temperature heat which is
emitted from most Ice’s in the form of “Hot Exhaust”.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3>This is
the place to install a reactor capable of converting beer cans into
hydrogen as not too much energy would be needed to complete the
reaction. Bubbling super heated steam through a molten bath of
<ST1:PLACE w:st="on"><ST1:STATE w:st="on">AL</ST1:STATE></ST1:PLACE>
would give pure hydrogen.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3>No tar,
and the ash is a hot commodity</FONT></DIV>
<DIV style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class=MsoNormal><O:P><FONT
size=3></FONT></O:P></DIV>
<DIV style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3>The real
question is: how much energy is locked up in a pound of <ST1:PLACE
w:st="on"><ST1:STATE w:st="on">AL</ST1:STATE></ST1:PLACE></FONT></DIV>
<DIV style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><ST1:PLACE
w:st="on"><ST1:STATE w:st="on"></ST1:STATE></ST1:PLACE></FONT></DIV>
<DIV style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><ST1:PLACE
w:st="on"><ST1:STATE
w:st="on">gfwhell</ST1:STATE></ST1:PLACE></FONT></DIV><BR>
<DIV style="CLEAR: both"></DIV></FONT></DIV><!-- end of AOLMsgPart_1_d8a7d03b-426b-4064-8f1f-7f57443426a4 --></DIV></FONT></DIV><!-- end of AOLMsgPart_1_ec7eb326-b5c9-4d13-8d49-1ff6abd4eb36 --></DIV></FONT></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE type="cite">
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