Hi Tom,<div><br></div><div>I hate to post here too often as I am just a babe in gasification terms.</div><div><br></div><div>I passed the comment on thermite welding because I spent 3 months using the technique to weld the copper tails onto the aluminium buzzwork for the aluminium smelting cells. This was to distribute 96,000Amps at 4V at the Tiwai Point Aluminium Smelter.</div>
<div><br></div><div>The thermite mix was aluminium and copper oxide. This required a staged start with two different compounds to bring the temperature of the aluminium up to a point where it destabilised and ignited. About 2 seconds at over 2000° the molten copper would melt through the copper retaining discs and drop through into the mold. </div>
<div><br></div><div>I have no doubt you understand the chemistry better than I. What we were able to achieve was to take the CADWELD training from the English engineer and increase their expected output by 250% from 8 welds per two man team per day, to 20. We actually did that by lunch time, but it was getting embarrassing for them so we dithered around in the afternoons. At the same time we halved the expected failure rate:)</div>
<div><br></div><div>Kind Regards</div><div><br></div><div>Jason Stewart<br><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Wed, Jul 13, 2011 at 11:21 PM, Thomas Reed <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:tombreed2010@gmail.com">tombreed2010@gmail.com</a>></span> wrote:<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex;"><div bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><div>Dear Mark and all</div><div><br></div><div>Thermite welding is usually based on Mg, not Aluminum, but I presume a properly prepared aluminum powder with minimal oxide skin could be used.</div>
<div><br></div><div>Tom Reed<br><br>Dr Thomas B Reed<div>President, The Biomass Energy Foundation</div><div><a href="http://www.Woodgas.com" target="_blank">www.Woodgas.com</a></div></div><div><br>On Jul 12, 2011, at 11:32 PM, Jason Stewart <<a href="mailto:urepedese@gmail.com" target="_blank">urepedese@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br>
<br></div><div></div><blockquote type="cite"><div>Haha, you are then set up for thermite welding.<br><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Wed, Jul 13, 2011 at 2:59 PM, Mark E. Ludlow <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:mark@ludlow.com" target="_blank"></a><a href="mailto:mark@ludlow.com" target="_blank">mark@ludlow.com</a>></span> wrote:<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div bgcolor="white" lang="EN-US" link="blue" vlink="purple"><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">Dr. Tom,<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">Can one hammer mill->ball mill the Al into a powder and burn it directly (stand back!)?<u></u><u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">Mark<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><div><div style="border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in"><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"> <a href="mailto:gasification-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank"></a><a href="mailto:gasification-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">gasification-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org</a> [mailto:<a href="mailto:gasification-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank"></a><a href="mailto:gasification-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">gasification-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Thomas Reed<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, July 12, 2011 5:53 PM</span></p><div><br><b>To:</b> Discussion of biomass pyrolysis and gasification; Art Krenzel<br><b>Cc:</b> <a href="mailto:Gasification@bioenergylists.org" target="_blank"></a><a href="mailto:Gasification@bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">Gasification@bioenergylists.org</a><br>
</div><div><div></div><div><b>Subject:</b> Re: [Gasification] CONSERVATION OF ENERGY<u></u><u></u></div></div><p></p></div></div><div><div></div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p><div><p class="MsoNormal">
PS. <u></u><u></u></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal">According to my book, THE FREE ENERGY OF BINARY COMPOUNDS (available at <a href="http://Woodgas.com" target="_blank"></a><a href="http://Woodgas.com" target="_blank">Woodgas.com</a>)<u></u><u></u></p>
</div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal">The Enthalpy of combustion of Al <u></u><u></u></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal">Al + 3/2 O2 ==> 1/2 Al2O3. Delta H (C) = 178 kcal/mole = 745 kJ/mole. The MW of Al is 27, so this is 27.6 kJ/g or 12,527 kJ/ lb. 1 kW hr is 3.8 MJ, so this is 3.3 kW hr/lb. <u></u><u></u></p>
</div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal">Well worth capturing.<u></u><u></u></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal">Tom Reed<u></u><u></u></p>
</div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><br>Dr Thomas B Reed<u></u><u></u></p><div><p class="MsoNormal">President, The Biomass Energy Foundation<u></u><u></u></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><a href="http://www.Woodgas.com" target="_blank"></a><a href="http://www.Woodgas.com" target="_blank">www.Woodgas.com</a><u></u><u></u></p>
</div></div><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><br>On Jul 12, 2011, at 7:51 PM, GF <<a href="mailto:gfwhell@aol.com" target="_blank"></a><a href="mailto:gfwhell@aol.com" target="_blank">gfwhell@aol.com</a>> wrote:<u></u><u></u></p>
</div><blockquote style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
<div><div><div><div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"> </span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
</div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black">The other day I posted an article on this site concerning:</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black"><u></u><u></u></span></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color:black"> Cornish Hydrogen Generator. Keelynet, which describes a method of converting</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black"><u></u><u></u></span></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black">Aluminum into its oxide and in the process cracks water, freeing up hydrogen for use as fuel for a light car.</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
</div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black">By all accounts, using this gas in the place of any other fuel.</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black"><u></u><u></u></span></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color:black">Distances and the amount of metal used in this attainment were mentioned.</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black"><u></u><u></u></span></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black">I was hoping for a reaction from one of the many “Energy Economists”</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
</div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black">Who lurk on this site, to respond with negative information regarding the impracticality and waste fullness of such a process?</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
</div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black">I believe there is a large following on this site who are interested in obtaining electrical power using renewable energy, derived from carbon neutral sources.</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
</div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black">They might question the economics and ethics of using a refined ore as fuel.</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black"><u></u><u></u></span></p></div><div>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color:black">Instead of chopping down oxygen producing vegetation. </span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black"><u></u><u></u></span></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black">In this respect I am a nonconformist. I believe most Aluminum is produced by Hydro electric power and, so the CO2 is not in the equation.</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
</div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black">My second comment is harnessing a “free” supply of high temperature heat which is emitted from most Ice’s in the form of “Hot Exhaust”.</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
</div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black">This is the place to install a reactor capable of converting beer cans into hydrogen as not too much energy would be needed to complete the reaction. Bubbling super heated steam through a molten bath of AL would give pure hydrogen.</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
</div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black">No tar, and the ash is a hot commodity</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black"><u></u><u></u></span></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"> </span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
</div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black">The real question is: how much energy is locked up in a pound of AL</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black"><u></u><u></u></span></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black"> <u></u><u></u></span></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black">gfwhell</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black"><u></u><u></u></span></p></div><p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black"><u></u> <u></u></span></p></div></div></div></div></div></blockquote><blockquote style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt"><div><p class="MsoNormal">_______________________________________________<br>
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