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<div class=Section1>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'># In a fermentation reaction, "Sugar ----> Alcohol +
CO2", all other things being equal, this would be favoured by low
pressure, and/or by removal of CO2, a "product of the
reaction." If the reaction producing Methane was:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'>6 CO + 2 H2O ---> 2 CH4+ 4 CO2,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'>it would be favoured by high pressure, in that it starts
with 8 volumes of reactants, and it yields 6 volumes of reactants. Again,
this reaction would be improved by removing the products.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'>Actually, the stoichiometry is correct across the reaction you use
as an example, Kevin, but it's a molar comparison you are making not a
volumetric one. It very difficult to compare compressible gasses and liquids
volumetrically unless the gasses are at their critical pressure where the physical
properties of the substance in both the liquid and gaseous states converge.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'>Pressure affects the reaction kinetics of gas-phase reactions
because to probability of collisions between reacting species is improved. The
internal energy of virtually incompressible liquids under high pressure is not
much affected, at least when compared to the effect of raising the temperature.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'>Best, Mark</span><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>
gasification-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org
[mailto:gasification-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Kevin<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, October 07, 2011 3:40 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Discussion of biomass pyrolysis and gasification<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Gasification] [Digestion] Karve connecting Biochar and
Biogas<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Dear
GF</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<blockquote style='border:none;border-left:solid black 1.5pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 4.0pt;
margin-left:3.75pt;margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.0pt'>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>-----
Original Message ----- <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='background:#E4E4E4'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> <a href="mailto:gfwhell@aol.com"
title="gfwhell@aol.com">GF</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>To:</span></b><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> <a
href="mailto:mark@ludlow.com" title="mark@ludlow.com">mark@ludlow.com</a> ; <a
href="mailto:gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org"
title="gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org">gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Sent:</span></b><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> Friday, October 07,
2011 3:46 PM<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Subject:</span></b><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> Re: [Gasification]
[Digestion] Karve connecting Biochar and Biogas<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'>Hi Mark.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'> I think my message was incoherent. When I mention the build
up of pressure in a vessel containing multiplying organisms, I did not mention
the presence of "heat" which is the basis of Luis Pasteur’s method of
sterilization or the speed at which the pressure builds, which might
entail an adverse heat reaction, Yeast seems to build up pressure of
several atmospheres if contained in a sealed container, does this enhance the
reaction or slow it down, and what are the "limits"? <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'># In a fermentation reaction, "Sugar ----> Alcohol +
CO2", all other things being equal, this would be favoured by low pressure,
and/or by removal of CO2, a "product of the reaction." If the
reaction producing Methane was:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'>6 CO + 2 H2O ---> 2 CH4+ 4 CO2,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'>it would be favoured by high pressure, in that it starts
with 8 volumes of reactants, and it yields 6 volumes of reactants. Again,
this reaction would be improved by removing the products. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'> Studies at the bottom of the Pacific Trench show bacteria alive
and well together with larger forms of life. My question goes UN answered.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'>Will gas producing bacteria perform” faster” in a pressure
retaining environment?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'># All other things being equal, reaction speed is favoured by
higher temperature, higher concentration of reactants, and low concentration of
products of the reaction. Higher pressure tends to move a reaction in the
direction of lower volume. On teh other hand, exothermic reactions are favoured
by cooling, and endothermic reactions are favoured by heating.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'># Now, having said all that, the fact that a bacteria or yeast is
a living species, it may be that "reaction conditions" may have to be
varied to optomise teh "living conditions" for the bacteria/yeast,
and thermodynamic conditions may have to be given second place. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'>Thus producing high pressure gas PDQ.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'>Im talking about high pressure here, 14000 psi. if you put your
bacteria and nutrient in a respectable container without any air space the
pressure would rise quite fast.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'>Of course a sudden decompression or re-compression may kill it, as
you suggest but that is not My question.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'># Obviously, if the desired reactions seem to work well for such
bacteria at 14,000 psi, then that would be the conditions to apply to them to
drive that reaction. In th case of beer yeasts, they seem to work well at
atmospheric pressure ranges... say from .5 to 2X atmospheric. Much higher
pressures may stall them out.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'>Best wishes,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'>Kevin<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'>GF<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'><br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>-----Original Message-----<br>
From: Mark E. Ludlow <mark@ludlow.com><br>
To: 'Discussion of biomass pyrolysis and gasification'
<gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org><br>
Sent: Fri, Oct 7, 2011 3:20 am<br>
Subject: Re: [Gasification] [Digestion] Karve connecting Biochar and Biogas<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<div id="AOLMsgPart_2_4eae998d-d0cf-4e25-a70c-78b924345224">
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'>Geoff:</span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'>High pressure is an accepted way to pasteurize juices and
eliminate vibrio in and extend the shelf life of oysters. Water is virtually incompressible.
Bacteria stay in equilibrium with their environment but react to sudden changes
in pressure.</span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'>Mark</span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'> <a href="mailto:gasification-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org"><u><span
style='color:blue'>gasification-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org</span></u></a>
[<a href="mailto:gasification-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org?"><u><span
style='color:blue'>mailto:gasification-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org</span></u></a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>GF<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, October 06, 2011 5:51 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> <a href="mailto:gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org"><u><span
style='color:blue'>gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org</span></u></a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Gasification] [Digestion] Karve connecting Biochar and
Biogas<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
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<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<div id="AOLMsgPart_1_d844ced2-2494-4347-98a2-7cb6ff2f1d01">
<div>
<div style='margin-top:4.0pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'>I seem to remeber the filter beds laid down with
"coke"derived from the GAS WORKS to enhance the bacterial action on
sewage.It is interesting to postulate the possibilities of testing other
ziolite qualities in other materials than char. The reaction of bacteria over a
nutriant soaked porous media especially when it is soaked
with recirculated liquids from behind the scum board which retains
the larger solids. This raises a question I have long pondered. Is microbial
action accelerated by pressure. If this reaction is contained within a pressure
vessel? For instance :<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<div style='margin-top:4.0pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'>what sort of result could we expect if this bacterial action took
place at say 9000lb per sq inch, give or take a few atmospheres. I have heard
that beer bottles explode if unchecked during fermentation, is the generation
of gasses increased with pressure forcing the nutrient down the throat of
the microbes as it were?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<div style='margin-top:4.0pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'>GF<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<div style='margin-top:4.0pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'><br>
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<div style='margin-top:4.0pt;margin-bottom:12.0pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'>-----Original Message-----<br>
From: back40 <<a href="mailto:back40@gmail.com"><u><span style='color:blue'>back40@gmail.com</span></u></a>><br>
To: paul.harris <<a href="mailto:paul.harris@adelaide.edu.au"><u><span
style='color:blue'>paul.harris@adelaide.edu.au</span></u></a>>; Discussion
of biomass pyrolysis and gasification <<a
href="mailto:gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org"><u><span style='color:blue'>gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org</span></u></a>><br>
Sent: Thu, Oct 6, 2011 4:01 pm<br>
Subject: Re: [Gasification] [Digestion] Karve connecting Biochar and Biogas<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="AOLMsgPart_0_e794fc62-68e6-4a25-8c28-008af08ba762"><pre
style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>I wonder if this is relevant:</span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'><a
href="http://newscenter.lbl.gov/feature-stories/2011/10/05/soil-carbon/"
target="_blank"><u><span style='color:blue'>http://newscenter.lbl.gov/feature-stories/2011/10/05/soil-carbon/</span></u></a></span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'> </span></tt><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>"Michael Schmidt, a co-author of the Nature paper from the University</span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'>of Zurich, has already found that biochar, which is charred material</span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'>from wildfires or a kiln, is not stable as previously believed. It</span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'>also readily decomposes. Some scientists had believed that biochar</span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'>could be used to sequester carbon, but this may not be the case."</span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'> </span></tt><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>On 10/6/11, Paul Harris <<a
href="mailto:paul.harris@adelaide.edu.au"><u><span style='color:blue'>paul.harris@adelaide.edu.au</span></u></a>> wrote:</span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'>> G’day All,</span></tt><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>> </span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'>> </span></tt><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>> </span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'>> For the “non digesters” in particular some anaerobic digesters are packed</span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'>> with plastic rings/balls or other media to provide a surface for bacteria,</span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'>> so what Dr Karve has possibly done (I am guessing here) is provided “homes”</span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'>> for a lot more bacteria so they are not washed out. This is good for</span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'>> solutions but not so good if there are solids in the waste stream.</span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'>> </span></tt><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>> </span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'>> </span></tt><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>> The other possibility is that the extra carbon has restored the C:N ratio.</span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'>> </span></tt><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>> </span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'>> </span></tt><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>> Could you give more details of what you did Dr Karve, if it is possible (I</span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'>> understand you may have some commercial interests to protect)?</span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'>> </span></tt><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>> </span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'>> </span></tt><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>> Happy digesting,</span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'>> </span></tt><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>> HOOROO</span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'>> </span></tt><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>> </span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'>> </span></tt><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>> Mr. Paul Harris, Room 202 Charles Hawker Building, Faculty of Sciences, The</span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'>> University of Adelaide,</span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'>> </span></tt><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>> Waite Campus, PMB 1, Glen Osmond SA 5064 Ph : +61 8 8303 7880 Fax :</span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'>> +61 8 8303 4386</span></tt><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>> </span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'>> Roseworthy Campus, Ph : +61 8 8303 7929</span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'>> </span></tt><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>> <a
href="mailto:paul.harris@adelaide.edu.au?"><u><span style='color:blue'>mailto:paul.harris@adelaide.edu.au</span></u></a></span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'>> <a
href="http://www.adelaide.edu.au/directory/paul.harris" target="_blank"><u><span
style='color:blue'>http://www.adelaide.edu.au/directory/paul.harris</span></u></a></span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'>> </span></tt><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>> </span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'>> </span></tt><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>> CRICOS Provider Number 00123M</span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'>> </span></tt><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>> This email message is intended only for the addressee(s) and contains</span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'>> information that may be confidential and/or copyright. If you are not the</span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'>> intended recipient please notify the sender by reply email and immediately</span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'>> delete this email. Use, disclosure or reproduction of this email by anyone</span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'>> other than the intended recipient(s) is strictly prohibited. No</span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'>> representation is made that this email or any attachments are free of</span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'>> viruses. Virus scanning is recommended and is the responsibility of the</span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'>> recipient.</span></tt><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>> </span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'>> </span></tt><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>> </span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'>> From: <a
href="mailto:digestion-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org"><u><span
style='color:blue'>digestion-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org</span></u></a></span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'>> [<a
href="mailto:digestion-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org?"><u><span
style='color:blue'>mailto:digestion-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org</span></u></a>] On Behalf Of</span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'>> <a href="mailto:rongretlarson@comcast.net"><u><span
style='color:blue'>rongretlarson@comcast.net</span></u></a></span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'>> Sent: Thursday, 6 October 2011 1:35 PM</span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'>> To: Anand Karve; <a
href="mailto:gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org"><u><span style='color:blue'>gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org</span></u></a>; Discussion of</span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'>> biomass; biochar; digestion</span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'>> Subject: [Digestion] Karve connecting Biochar and Biogas</span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'>> </span></tt><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>> </span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'>> </span></tt><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>> AD (cc four lists):</span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'>> </span></tt><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>> I have not previously seen the connection between Biochar and Biogas</span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'>> that you described (below) today on the gasification list. In</span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'>> particular, you say you ".. filled the digester</span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'>> with charcoal, my system accepted three times the normal daily input</span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'>> and produced three times as much gas."</span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'>> I think what you describe can be a very powerful push for both Biochar and</span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'>> Biogas. Can you describe what you have learned a little more?</span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'>> </span></tt><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>> I know too little of digesters, so this is not clear. I think I know</span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'>> your kitchen-sized inverted "barrel" gas chamber and think I understand the</span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'>> last part - of getting three times as much gas in the next 24 hours or less</span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'>> (and 3X is a huge change!). Does the idea of accepting three times more</span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'>> mean essentially the same thing? I would think you could "jam" any amount</span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'>> in; what limits acceptance?</span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'>> </span></tt><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>> Do you agree that this is very important new information? Do you agree</span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'>> this information could help speed up both technologies? I believe there is</span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'>> wide agreement that Biochar benefits from added biological material (that</span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'>> would not be long-lived from a sequestration perspective). Is there any</span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'>> reason to think that the traditional use of digester effluent for ag</span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'>> improvements will be in any way harmed if it is continued through the</span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'>> addition of carbon-negative Biochar? Should this not promote sales of your</span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'>> charcoal-making stoves?</span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'>> </span></tt><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>> If I haven't asked quite the right question - please answer the right</span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'>> one. And congratulations on learning and reporting this.</span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'>> </span></tt><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>> Ron</span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'>> </span></tt><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>> </span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'> </span></tt><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'> </span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'>-- </span></tt><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>Regards,</span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'>Gary Jones</span></tt><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'> </span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'>_______________________________________________</span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'>Gasification mailing list</span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'> </span></tt><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>to Send a Message to the list, use the email address</span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'><a href="mailto:Gasification@bioenergylists.org"><u><span
style='color:blue'>Gasification@bioenergylists.org</span></u></a></span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'> </span></tt><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page</span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'><a
href="http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/gasification_lists.bioenergylists.org"
target="_blank"><u><span style='color:blue'>http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/gasification_lists.bioenergylists.org</span></u></a></span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'> </span></tt><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>for more Gasifiers, News and Information see our web site:</span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span
style='color:black'><a href="http://gasifiers.bioenergylists.org/"
target="_blank"><u><span style='color:blue'>http://gasifiers.bioenergylists.org/</span></u></a></span></tt><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></pre></div>
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<div id="AOLMsgPart_3_4eae998d-d0cf-4e25-a70c-78b924345224"><pre
style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>_______________________________________________<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre
style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>Gasification mailing list<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre
style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre
style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>to Send a Message to the list, use the email address<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre
style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'><a
href="mailto:Gasification@bioenergylists.org"><u><span style='color:blue'>Gasification@bioenergylists.org</span></u></a><o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre
style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre
style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre
style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'><a
href="http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/gasification_lists.bioenergylists.org"
target="_blank"><u><span style='color:blue'>http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/gasification_lists.bioenergylists.org</span></u></a><o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre
style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre
style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>for more Gasifiers, News and Information see our web site:<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre
style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'><a
href="http://gasifiers.bioenergylists.org/" target="_blank"><u><span
style='color:blue'>http://gasifiers.bioenergylists.org/</span></u></a><o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre></div>
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<p class=MsoNormal>_______________________________________________<br>
Gasification mailing list<br>
<br>
to Send a Message to the list, use the email address<br>
Gasification@bioenergylists.org<br>
<br>
to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page<br>
http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/gasification_lists.bioenergylists.org<br>
<br>
for more Gasifiers, News and Information see our web site:<br>
http://gasifiers.bioenergylists.org/<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class=avgcert>No virus found in this message.<br>
Checked by AVG - <a href="http://www.avg.com"><u><span style='color:blue'>www.avg.com</span></u></a><br>
Version: 10.0.1410 / Virus Database: 1520/3943 - Release Date: 10/07/11<o:p></o:p></p>
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