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<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>Dear Mark</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>You are correct. I picked a bad example... clearly,
the yeast in a fermentation reaction must exist in water in a liquid phase, and
the liquid water has an insignificant volume. Would you agree that if the stated
reaction was carried out in an "inorganic manner" with the water in a steam
form, rather than one requiring water in the liquid form, that it would be
favoured by increased pressure?</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>Best wishes,</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>Kevin</FONT></DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE
style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 2px solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px"
dir=ltr>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial">----- Original Message ----- </DIV>
<DIV
style="FONT: 10pt arial; BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; font-color: black"><B>From:</B>
<A title=mark@ludlow.com href="mailto:mark@ludlow.com">Mark Ludlow</A> </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>To:</B> <A
title=gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org
href="mailto:gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org">'Discussion of biomass
pyrolysis and gasification'</A> </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Sent:</B> Friday, October 07, 2011 8:24
PM</DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Subject:</B> Re: [Gasification] [Digestion]
Karve connecting Biochar and Biogas</DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV class=Section1>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"># In
a fermentation reaction, "Sugar ----> Alcohol + CO2", all other things
being equal, this would be favoured by low pressure, and/or by removal of CO2,
a "product of the reaction." If the reaction producing Methane
was:<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">6 CO
+ 2 H2O ---> 2 CH4+ 4 CO2,<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">it
would be favoured by high pressure, in that it starts with 8 volumes of
reactants, and it yields 6 volumes of reactants. Again, this reaction would be
improved by removing the products.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Actually,
the stoichiometry is correct across the reaction you use as an example, Kevin,
but it's a molar comparison you are making not a volumetric one. It very
difficult to compare compressible gasses and liquids volumetrically unless the
gasses are at their critical pressure where the physical properties of the
substance in both the liquid and gaseous states
converge.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Pressure
affects the reaction kinetics of gas-phase reactions because to probability of
collisions between reacting species is improved. The internal energy of
virtually incompressible liquids under high pressure is not much
affected, at least when compared to the effect of raising the
temperature.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Best,
Mark</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: #b5c4df 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 3pt">
<P class=MsoNormal><B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">From:</SPAN></B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">
gasification-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org
[mailto:gasification-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org] <B>On Behalf Of
</B>Kevin<BR><B>Sent:</B> Friday, October 07, 2011 3:40 PM<BR><B>To:</B>
Discussion of biomass pyrolysis and gasification<BR><B>Subject:</B> Re:
[Gasification] [Digestion] Karve connecting Biochar and
Biogas<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV></DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></P>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Dear
GF</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE
style="BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: black 1.5pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; MARGIN: 5pt 0in 5pt 3.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 4pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 0in">
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">----- Original
Message ----- <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style="BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4" class=MsoNormal><B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">From:</SPAN></B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> <A
title=gfwhell@aol.com href="mailto:gfwhell@aol.com">GF</A>
<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">To:</SPAN></B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> <A
title=mark@ludlow.com href="mailto:mark@ludlow.com">mark@ludlow.com</A> ; <A
title=gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org
href="mailto:gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org">gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org</A>
<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Sent:</SPAN></B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> Friday, October
07, 2011 3:46 PM<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Subject:</SPAN></B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> Re:
[Gasification] [Digestion] Karve connecting Biochar and
Biogas<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Hi
Mark.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> I
think my message was incoherent. When I mention the build up of pressure in
a vessel containing multiplying organisms, I did not mention the presence of
"heat" which is the basis of Luis Pasteur’s method of sterilization or the
speed at which the pressure builds, which might entail an adverse
heat reaction, Yeast seems to build up pressure of several atmospheres
if contained in a sealed container, does this enhance the reaction or slow
it down, and what are the "limits"? <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">#
In a fermentation reaction, "Sugar ----> Alcohol + CO2", all other things
being equal, this would be favoured by low pressure, and/or by removal of
CO2, a "product of the reaction." If the reaction producing Methane
was:<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">6 CO
+ 2 H2O ---> 2 CH4+ 4 CO2,<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">it
would be favoured by high pressure, in that it starts with 8 volumes of
reactants, and it yields 6 volumes of reactants. Again, this reaction would
be improved by removing the products. <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> Studies
at the bottom of the Pacific Trench show bacteria alive and well together
with larger forms of life. My question goes UN
answered.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Will
gas producing bacteria perform” faster” in a pressure retaining
environment?<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">#
All other things being equal, reaction speed is favoured by higher
temperature, higher concentration of reactants, and low concentration of
products of the reaction. Higher pressure tends to move a reaction in the
direction of lower volume. On teh other hand, exothermic reactions are
favoured by cooling, and endothermic reactions are favoured by
heating.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">#
Now, having said all that, the fact that a bacteria or yeast is a living
species, it may be that "reaction conditions" may have to be varied to
optomise teh "living conditions" for the bacteria/yeast, and thermodynamic
conditions may have to be given second place. <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Thus
producing high pressure gas PDQ.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Im
talking about high pressure here, 14000 psi. if you put your bacteria and
nutrient in a respectable container without any air space the pressure
would rise quite fast.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Of
course a sudden decompression or re-compression may kill it, as you suggest
but that is not My question.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">#
Obviously, if the desired reactions seem to work well for such bacteria at
14,000 psi, then that would be the conditions to apply to them to drive that
reaction. In th case of beer yeasts, they seem to work well at atmospheric
pressure ranges... say from .5 to 2X atmospheric. Much higher pressures may
stall them out.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Best
wishes,<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Kevin<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">GF<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 12pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><BR><BR><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<DIV>
<P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 12pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">-----Original
Message-----<BR>From: Mark E. Ludlow <mark@ludlow.com><BR>To:
'Discussion of biomass pyrolysis and gasification'
<gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org><BR>Sent: Fri, Oct 7, 2011 3:20
am<BR>Subject: Re: [Gasification] [Digestion] Karve connecting Biochar and
Biogas<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<DIV id=AOLMsgPart_2_4eae998d-d0cf-4e25-a70c-78b924345224>
<DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 11pt">Geoff:</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 11pt">High
pressure is an accepted way to pasteurize juices and eliminate vibrio in and
extend the shelf life of oysters. Water is virtually incompressible.
Bacteria stay in equilibrium with their environment but react to sudden
changes in pressure.</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 11pt">Mark</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">From:</SPAN></B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> <A
href="mailto:gasification-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org"><U><SPAN
style="COLOR: blue">gasification-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org</SPAN></U></A>
[<A href="mailto:gasification-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org?"><U><SPAN
style="COLOR: blue">mailto:gasification-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org</SPAN></U></A>]
<B>On Behalf Of </B>GF<BR><B>Sent:</B> Thursday, October 06, 2011 5:51
PM<BR><B>To:</B> <A
href="mailto:gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org"><U><SPAN
style="COLOR: blue">gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org</SPAN></U></A><BR><B>Subject:</B>
Re: [Gasification] [Digestion] Karve connecting Biochar and
Biogas<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV id=AOLMsgPart_1_d844ced2-2494-4347-98a2-7cb6ff2f1d01>
<DIV>
<DIV style="MARGIN-TOP: 4pt">
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">I
seem to remeber the filter beds laid down with "coke"derived from the GAS
WORKS to enhance the bacterial action on sewage.It is interesting to
postulate the possibilities of testing other ziolite qualities in other
materials than char. The reaction of bacteria over a nutriant soaked porous
media especially when it is soaked with recirculated liquids from
behind the scum board which retains the larger solids. This raises a
question I have long pondered. Is microbial action accelerated by pressure.
If this reaction is contained within a pressure vessel? For instance
:<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV style="MARGIN-TOP: 4pt">
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">what
sort of result could we expect if this bacterial action took place at say
9000lb per sq inch, give or take a few atmospheres. I have heard that beer
bottles explode if unchecked during fermentation, is the generation of
gasses increased with pressure forcing the nutrient down the throat of
the microbes as it were?<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV style="MARGIN-TOP: 4pt">
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">GF<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV style="MARGIN-TOP: 4pt">
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><BR> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV style="MARGIN-TOP: 4pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 12pt">
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">-----Original
Message-----<BR>From: back40 <<A href="mailto:back40@gmail.com"><U><SPAN
style="COLOR: blue">back40@gmail.com</SPAN></U></A>><BR>To: paul.harris
<<A href="mailto:paul.harris@adelaide.edu.au"><U><SPAN
style="COLOR: blue">paul.harris@adelaide.edu.au</SPAN></U></A>>;
Discussion of biomass pyrolysis and gasification <<A
href="mailto:gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org"><U><SPAN
style="COLOR: blue">gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org</SPAN></U></A>><BR>Sent:
Thu, Oct 6, 2011 4:01 pm<BR>Subject: Re: [Gasification] [Digestion] Karve
connecting Biochar and Biogas<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=AOLMsgPart_0_e794fc62-68e6-4a25-8c28-008af08ba762><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">I wonder if this is relevant:</SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><A href="http://newscenter.lbl.gov/feature-stories/2011/10/05/soil-carbon/" target=_blank><U><SPAN style="COLOR: blue">http://newscenter.lbl.gov/feature-stories/2011/10/05/soil-carbon/</SPAN></U></A></SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">"Michael Schmidt, a co-author of the Nature paper from the University</SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">of Zurich, has already found that biochar, which is charred material</SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">from wildfires or a kiln, is not stable as previously believed. It</SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">also readily decomposes. Some scientists had believed that biochar</SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">could be used to sequester carbon, but this may not be the case."</SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">On 10/6/11, Paul Harris <<A href="mailto:paul.harris@adelaide.edu.au"><U><SPAN style="COLOR: blue">paul.harris@adelaide.edu.au</SPAN></U></A>> wrote:</SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> G’day All,</SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> </SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> </SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> </SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> For the “non digesters” in particular some anaerobic digesters are packed</SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> with plastic rings/balls or other media to provide a surface for bacteria,</SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> so what Dr Karve has possibly done (I am guessing here) is provided “homes”</SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> for a lot more bacteria so they are not washed out. This is good for</SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> solutions but not so good if there are solids in the waste stream.</SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> </SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> </SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> </SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> The other possibility is that the extra carbon has restored the C:N ratio.</SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> </SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> </SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> </SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> Could you give more details of what you did Dr Karve, if it is possible (I</SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> understand you may have some commercial interests to protect)?</SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> </SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> </SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> </SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> Happy digesting,</SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> </SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> HOOROO</SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> </SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> </SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> </SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> Mr. Paul Harris, Room 202 Charles Hawker Building, Faculty of Sciences, The</SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> University of Adelaide,</SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> </SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> Waite Campus, PMB 1, Glen Osmond SA 5064 Ph : +61 8 8303 7880 Fax :</SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> +61 8 8303 4386</SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> </SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> Roseworthy Campus, Ph : +61 8 8303 7929</SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> </SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> <A href="mailto:paul.harris@adelaide.edu.au?"><U><SPAN style="COLOR: blue">mailto:paul.harris@adelaide.edu.au</SPAN></U></A></SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> <A href="http://www.adelaide.edu.au/directory/paul.harris" target=_blank><U><SPAN style="COLOR: blue">http://www.adelaide.edu.au/directory/paul.harris</SPAN></U></A></SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> </SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> </SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> </SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> CRICOS Provider Number 00123M</SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> </SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> This email message is intended only for the addressee(s) and contains</SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> information that may be confidential and/or copyright. If you are not the</SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> intended recipient please notify the sender by reply email and immediately</SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> delete this email. Use, disclosure or reproduction of this email by anyone</SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> other than the intended recipient(s) is strictly prohibited. No</SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> representation is made that this email or any attachments are free of</SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> viruses. Virus scanning is recommended and is the responsibility of the</SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> recipient.</SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> </SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> </SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> </SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> From: <A href="mailto:digestion-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org"><U><SPAN style="COLOR: blue">digestion-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org</SPAN></U></A></SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> [<A href="mailto:digestion-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org?"><U><SPAN style="COLOR: blue">mailto:digestion-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org</SPAN></U></A>] On Behalf Of</SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> <A href="mailto:rongretlarson@comcast.net"><U><SPAN style="COLOR: blue">rongretlarson@comcast.net</SPAN></U></A></SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> Sent: Thursday, 6 October 2011 1:35 PM</SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> To: Anand Karve; <A href="mailto:gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org"><U><SPAN style="COLOR: blue">gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org</SPAN></U></A>; Discussion of</SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> biomass; biochar; digestion</SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> Subject: [Digestion] Karve connecting Biochar and Biogas</SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> </SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> </SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> </SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> AD (cc four lists):</SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> </SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> I have not previously seen the connection between Biochar and Biogas</SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> that you described (below) today on the gasification list. In</SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> particular, you say you ".. filled the digester</SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> with charcoal, my system accepted three times the normal daily input</SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> and produced three times as much gas."</SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> I think what you describe can be a very powerful push for both Biochar and</SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> Biogas. Can you describe what you have learned a little more?</SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> </SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> I know too little of digesters, so this is not clear. I think I know</SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> your kitchen-sized inverted "barrel" gas chamber and think I understand the</SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> last part - of getting three times as much gas in the next 24 hours or less</SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> (and 3X is a huge change!). Does the idea of accepting three times more</SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> mean essentially the same thing? I would think you could "jam" any amount</SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> in; what limits acceptance?</SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> </SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> Do you agree that this is very important new information? Do you agree</SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> this information could help speed up both technologies? I believe there is</SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> wide agreement that Biochar benefits from added biological material (that</SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> would not be long-lived from a sequestration perspective). Is there any</SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> reason to think that the traditional use of digester effluent for ag</SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> improvements will be in any way harmed if it is continued through the</SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> addition of carbon-negative Biochar? Should this not promote sales of your</SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> charcoal-making stoves?</SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> </SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> If I haven't asked quite the right question - please answer the right</SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> one. And congratulations on learning and reporting this.</SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> </SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> Ron</SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> </SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">> </SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">-- </SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">Regards,</SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">Gary Jones</SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">_______________________________________________</SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">Gasification mailing list</SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">to Send a Message to the list, use the email address</SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><A href="mailto:Gasification@bioenergylists.org"><U><SPAN style="COLOR: blue">Gasification@bioenergylists.org</SPAN></U></A></SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page</SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><A href="http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/gasification_lists.bioenergylists.org" target=_blank><U><SPAN style="COLOR: blue">http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/gasification_lists.bioenergylists.org</SPAN></U></A></SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">for more Gasifiers, News and Information see our web site:</SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><A href="http://gasifiers.bioenergylists.org/" target=_blank><U><SPAN style="COLOR: blue">http://gasifiers.bioenergylists.org/</SPAN></U></A></SPAN></TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV>
<DIV id=AOLMsgPart_3_4eae998d-d0cf-4e25-a70c-78b924345224><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">_______________________________________________<o:p></o:p></SPAN></TT></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">Gasification mailing list<o:p></o:p></SPAN></TT></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></TT></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">to Send a Message to the list, use the email address<o:p></o:p></SPAN></TT></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><A href="mailto:Gasification@bioenergylists.org"><U><SPAN style="COLOR: blue">Gasification@bioenergylists.org</SPAN></U></A><o:p></o:p></SPAN></TT></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></TT></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page<o:p></o:p></SPAN></TT></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><A href="http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/gasification_lists.bioenergylists.org" target=_blank><U><SPAN style="COLOR: blue">http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/gasification_lists.bioenergylists.org</SPAN></U></A><o:p></o:p></SPAN></TT></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></TT></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black">for more Gasifiers, News and Information see our web site:<o:p></o:p></SPAN></TT></PRE><PRE style="BACKGROUND: white"><TT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><A href="http://gasifiers.bioenergylists.org/" target=_blank><U><SPAN style="COLOR: blue">http://gasifiers.bioenergylists.org/</SPAN></U></A><o:p></o:p></SPAN></TT></PRE></DIV></DIV>
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