<html xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:m="http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2004/12/omml" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><head><meta http-equiv=Content-Type content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name=Generator content="Microsoft Word 12 (filtered medium)"><style><!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
{font-family:"Cambria Math";
panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:Calibri;
panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:Tahoma;
panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:Consolas;
panose-1:2 11 6 9 2 2 4 3 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:"Bookman Old Style";
panose-1:2 5 6 4 5 5 5 2 2 4;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
{margin:0cm;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
{mso-style-priority:99;
color:blue;
text-decoration:underline;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
{mso-style-priority:99;
color:purple;
text-decoration:underline;}
pre
{mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-link:"HTML Preformatted Char";
margin:0cm;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New";}
tt
{mso-style-priority:99;
font-family:"Courier New";}
p.MsoAcetate, li.MsoAcetate, div.MsoAcetate
{mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-link:"Balloon Text Char";
margin:0cm;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
font-size:8.0pt;
font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";}
span.apple-style-span
{mso-style-name:apple-style-span;}
span.HTMLPreformattedChar
{mso-style-name:"HTML Preformatted Char";
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-link:"HTML Preformatted";
font-family:Consolas;}
span.BalloonTextChar
{mso-style-name:"Balloon Text Char";
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-link:"Balloon Text";
font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";}
span.EmailStyle23
{mso-style-type:personal-reply;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D;}
.MsoChpDefault
{mso-style-type:export-only;
font-size:10.0pt;}
@page WordSection1
{size:612.0pt 792.0pt;
margin:3.0cm 2.0cm 3.0cm 2.0cm;}
div.WordSection1
{page:WordSection1;}
--></style><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapedefaults v:ext="edit" spidmax="1026" />
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapelayout v:ext="edit">
<o:idmap v:ext="edit" data="1" />
</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body bgcolor=white lang=DA link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Dear Tom<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>“In suction mode, any leak brings air into the system and may actually burn a small amount of gas if there is a source of ignition. Otherwise, small leaks don't matter. ”<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>My experience is that you need to be cautious about leaks, since gas will fill the entire gasifier space and blend with the incoming air. If this blend ignites and ignites all the way back to the point of entry of the air you will encounter a hot spot. This spot normally evolves into a major leakage that eventually will disturb or even cause a serious malfunction or failure of your gasifier.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>Number one is to avoid leakages at all. We always perform pressure tests before a new start up. We have different levels of pressure tests. The level of pressure test very much has to do with what kind of service we have performed during shut down. Afterwards we also perform a vacuum test.<o:p></o:p></span></p><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:navy'>Med venlig hilsen</span><span style='color:navy'> <br></span><b><span style='font-family:"Bookman Old Style","serif";color:green'>E</span></b><b><span style='font-family:"Bookman Old Style","serif";color:red'>P </span></b><b><span style='font-family:"Bookman Old Style","serif";color:green'>Engineering ApS</span></b><span style='color:navy'> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:navy'>Nils Peter Astrupgaard</span><span lang=EN-US style='color:navy'> <br></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:navy'>ScionDTU. Diplomvej 373 N. DK-2800 Kgs. </span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:navy'>Lyngby</span><span style='color:navy'> <br></span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:navy'>+45 40 615 600 </span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:navy'><a href="mailto:npa@EP-engineering.dk"><span lang=DA>npa@ep-engineering.dk</span></a></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:navy'> </span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:navy'><a href="http://www.ep-engineering.dk/"><span lang=DA>www.ep-engineering.dk</span></a></span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:navy'> </span><span style='color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:navy'>CVR 33046308</span><span style='color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> gasification-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org [mailto:gasification-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Thomas Reed<br><b>Sent:</b> 19. marts 2012 13:34<br><b>To:</b> Discussion of biomass pyrolysis and gasification<br><b>Cc:</b> gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org<br><b>Subject:</b> [Spam] Re: [Gasification] On the subject of H2 and O (was N2 removal)<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal>Dear Stephan and all<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>I agree with Stephen that the practical aspects of operating suction or pressure gasifiers are major. I only wanted to say that the actual pressure inside the gasifier is very close to 1 atmosphere, no matter which mode you run.<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>In suction mode, any leak brings air into the system and may actually burn a small amount of gas if there is a source of ignition. Otherwise, small leaks don't matter. <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>In Pressure mode, a small leak can be seen and smelled, so even a suction gasifier can be tested by putting a positive pressure pulse on it to test for leaks. <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>I suppose all of this was common knowledge in the 1940s when a million cars were operated on Woodgas. Now we need to re-learn these quirks. <br><br>Thomas B Reed<span class=apple-style-span> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span class=apple-style-span><a href="http://Woodgas.com">Woodgas.com</a></span><br><br><o:p></o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><br><br><o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><br>On Mar 19, 2012, at 6:41 AM, <a href="mailto:sabbadess@aol.com">sabbadess@aol.com</a> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p></div><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>Luke,<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>I am going to challenge the statement that pressure vs. suction is the same thing. I thought the same thing three years ago, but after running my machine in both modes I've come to the conclusion that it's just not true. I now think of the flows going into the nozzles like a rope. If you push a rope into the machine until it come out the exit flange it's going to go in, bunch up, pack up, and go in many different directions before finally exiting. From a flow standpoint it will be a mess.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>If you run the machine under suction, it's like pulling the rope through the machine from the exit flange. Everything is straight, smooth, and directed toward the exit. The result is that the pyrolysis zone is thinner and there are fewer up drafts carrying heat up into the fuel hopper. The thinner pyrolysis zone means that there is less tar for the available oxygen to incinerate(or "crack" if you like that theory) so everything runs cleaner.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>When I used to run my machine under pressure I would see a "sea" of flammable thick tar gas in the hopper when I would refuel it. Now under suction I don't see any smoke in the hopper.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>Just my experiences.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>Stephen Abbadessa<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>-----Original Message-----<br>From: Luke Gardner <<a href="mailto:lgardner@wwest.net">lgardner@wwest.net</a>><br>To: Discussion of biomass pyrolysis and gasification <<a href="mailto:gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org">gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>><br>Sent: Sun, Mar 18, 2012 10:22 pm<br>Subject: Re: [Gasification] On the subject of H2 and O (was N2 removal)<o:p></o:p></span></p><div id="AOLMsgPart_0_75a342c3-b256-4bca-bd1b-8d57577d52d9"><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>Greg,<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>I don't have a lot of time today, but I have been loosely following along, <o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>and I Can't help but wonder if things might not be a little easier to <o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>understand if a Guy stops thinking in temperature and pressure, and started <o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>thinking about the material of discussion in terms of its kinetic energy.<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>14.7, or 101.325 aren't magical universal pivot points that natural laws <o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>swing upon, "normal" Air pressure, isn't hardly ever " normal" at all. It <o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>is as much a figment of our human imagination as monday, or leap day, or <o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>the millenium. The only difference between a "suction" and "pressure" <o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>gasifier is a few PSI and your point of view.<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>resectfully,<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>Luke<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>-----Original Message----- <o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>From: Greg Manning<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>Sent: Sunday, March 18, 2012 12:30 PM<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>To: Discussion of biomass pyrolysis and gasification<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>Subject: Re: [Gasification] On the subject of H2 and O (was N2 removal)<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>meant NOT at a great amount (as in very small) sorry all.<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>G.<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>On Sun, Mar 18, 2012 at 2:26 PM, Greg Manning <<a href="mailto:a31ford@gmail.com">a31ford@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>> KELBURN,<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>> THANK YOU !<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>> This is the EXACT thing I needed to see.... proves my point, EXACTLY.<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>> I am now of the firm beleif that we CAN (And DO) water gas shift in<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>> suction type gasifiers, where as, blown (pressureized) gasifiers can<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>> NOT do W/G shift.<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>> I think the W/G shift is at a great amount, BUT, it sure proves my<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>> caclulations, almost dead on.<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>> Thank you Thank you Thank you Thank you<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>> Greg<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>> On Sun, Mar 18, 2012 at 12:14 PM, Kelburn Koontz <<a href="mailto:kelburn_k@yahoo.com">kelburn_k@yahoo.com</a>> <o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>> Making Ice with Vacuum<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>> <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pOYgdQp4euc" target="_blank">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pOYgdQp4euc</a><o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>> Check out the ideal gas law.<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>> Thanks,<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>> Kel<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>> On Sun, 2012-03-18 at 08:10 -0700, Mark Ludlow wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> “The steam produced in cavitation is like putting water in a bell jar<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> and pulling a vacuum. If there is enough vacuum the water will boil,<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> converting it's temperature into energy for the phase change.<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> Eventually you end up with a chunk of ice in the bell jar.”<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> Not so! Not enough latent heat is lost. Sensible heat must be removed<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> also. In outer space, where there are huge radiative heat losses this<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> applies. If folks could make ice with simple vacuum pumps, who would<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> mess with refrigeration? It takes energy to evaporate water, not just<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> vacuum.<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> Plus, when a gas is adsorbed onto a sieve, energy is released. It<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> takes the same energy (and then some) to regenerate the sieves. No<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> free lunch; no where.<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> From: <a href="mailto:gasification-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org">gasification-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org</a><o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> [<a href="mailto:gasification-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org?">mailto:gasification-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>] On Behalf Of<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> <a href="mailto:sabbadess@aol.com">sabbadess@aol.com</a><o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> Sent: Sunday, March 18, 2012 7:55 AM<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> To: <a href="mailto:gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org">gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org</a><o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> Subject: Re: [Gasification] On the subject of H2 and O (was N2<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> removal)<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> Hi Greg,<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> Sure. Let's to a simple example so my feeble mind can follow it.<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> When I drop cold chips in my gasifier there is some moisture content<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> in the chips...this is liquid water in the wood cells. As the chips<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> burn down into the hearth they get hot and the water changes to steam.<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> This phase change absorbs some amount of energy. Then as the steam<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> goes through the char, some of it does the water gas shift if there is<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> enough heat. This absorbs even more energy. The remaining steam ends<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> up as condensate in the cooler.<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> The steam produced in cavitation is like putting water in a bell jar<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> and pulling a vacuum. If there is enough vacuum the water will boil,<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> converting it's temperature into energy for the phase change.<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> Eventually you end up with a chunk of ice in the bell jar.<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> The water gas shift will not happen in the phase change because there<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> isn't sufficient activation energy availble to make the reaction go.<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> If it did work that way, there would be hydrogen bubbles coming off<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> boat propellers. That would make a COOL rooster tail!<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> Gasifiers do not run a low enough pressure to vaporize the water, like<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> the bell jar. I can get the numbers if you want, but you need to be<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> in -13psi range. That's way more than we pull.<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> Any clearer or still muddy??<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> Stephen<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> -----Original Message-----<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> From: Greg Manning <<a href="mailto:a31ford@gmail.com">a31ford@gmail.com</a>><o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> To: Discussion of biomass pyrolysis and gasification<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> <<a href="mailto:gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org">gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>><o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> Sent: Sun, Mar 18, 2012 10:09 am<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> Subject: Re: [Gasification] On the subject of H2 and O (was N2<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> removal)<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> Hi Stephen, thanks for the reply.<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> OK, I somewhat understand you, BUT, wouldn't water be doing a phase<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> change in the core of a gasifier as well ?<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> What I was getting at, is if steam is produced in cavitation in cold<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> water, then wouldn't the shift effect also happen within the core<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> during phase transition (from water as a liquid, to water as a vapor,<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> when heated by the core) within the same boundaries of effect as water<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> to steam in the trailing edge of a propeller ? (all of these<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> situations involve lower that normal pressure zones).<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> Aren't contrails produced in water vapor on the wing tips of an<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> airplane because of this same pressure drop phase shift, causing a<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> dew-point change?<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> The core of most gasifiers runs in a dynamic lower than atmospheric<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> pressure ( a very low internal barometric pressure) (suction based<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> units), so the same shifts should apply during phase transition,<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> shouldn't they ?<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> I understand that a pressure fed gasifier would behave differently<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> (and I've personally observed this) than a suction based one, I'm<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> speaking about suction based gasifiers.<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> Somewhat lost,<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> Greg<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> On Sun, Mar 18, 2012 at 8:26 AM, <<a href="mailto:sabbadess@aol.com">sabbadess@aol.com</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> > Greg,<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> ><o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> > The energy doesn't change. The bond energy in the water is constant<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> > regardless of pressure.<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> ><o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> > The cavitation issue is different. It is a phase change phenomenon, <o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> > not a<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> > chemical change one.<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> ><o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> > Stephen<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> > -----Original Message-----<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> > From: Greg Manning <<a href="mailto:a31ford@gmail.com">a31ford@gmail.com</a>><o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> > To: Discussion of biomass pyrolysis and gasification<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> > <<a href="mailto:gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org">gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>><o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> > Sent: Sun, Mar 18, 2012 9:02 am<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> > Subject: [Gasification] On the subject of H2 and O (was N2 removal)<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> ><o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> > Greetings List.<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> > Since we are speaking input air, I thought I might ask a somewhat<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> > related question.<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> > Water gas shift. I know there are many that have talked about this,<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> > and I understand the basics.<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> > However, here is the question.<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> > At what negative pressure ( negative in/wc) does the shift move down<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> > the temperature scale, to the point of being within the 1000 - 1200 c<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> > area ?<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> > We all know that propeller cavitation produces steam in water that is<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> > 10 c (or there abouts), I have to assume (not being a chemist) that<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> > the same negative pressure effect would also apply to other principals<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> > when dealing with water.<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> > --<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> > Regards,<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> > Greg Manning,<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> > Brandon, Manitoba, Canada<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> > _______________________________________________<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> > Gasification mailing list<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> > to Send a Message to the list, use the email address<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> > <a href="mailto:Gasification@bioenergylists.org">Gasification@bioenergylists.org</a><o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> > to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> > <a href="http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/gasification_lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/gasification_lists.bioenergylists.org</a><o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> > for more Gasifiers, News and Information see our web site:<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> > <a href="http://gasifiers.bioenergylists.org/" target="_blank">http://gasifiers.bioenergylists.org/</a><o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> ><o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> ><o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> > _______________________________________________<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> > Gasification mailing list<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> ><o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> > to Send a Message to the list, use the email address<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> > <a href="mailto:Gasification@bioenergylists.org">Gasification@bioenergylists.org</a><o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> ><o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> > to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> > <a href="http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/gasification_lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/gasification_lists.bioenergylists.org</a><o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> ><o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> > for more Gasifiers, News and Information see our web site:<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> > <a href="http://gasifiers.bioenergylists.org/" target="_blank">http://gasifiers.bioenergylists.org/</a><o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> ><o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> --<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> Regards,<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> Greg Manning,<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> Brandon, Manitoba, Canada<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> _______________________________________________<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> Gasification mailing list<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> to Send a Message to the list, use the email address<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> <a href="mailto:Gasification@bioenergylists.org">Gasification@bioenergylists.org</a><o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> <a href="http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/gasification_lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/gasification_lists.bioenergylists.org</a><o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> for more Gasifiers, News and Information see our web site:<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> <a href="http://gasifiers.bioenergylists.org/" target="_blank">http://gasifiers.bioenergylists.org/</a><o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> _______________________________________________<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> Gasification mailing list<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> to Send a Message to the list, use the email address<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> <a href="mailto:Gasification@bioenergylists.org">Gasification@bioenergylists.org</a><o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> <a href="http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/gasification_lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/gasification_lists.bioenergylists.org</a><o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> for more Gasifiers, News and Information see our web site:<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>>> <a href="http://gasifiers.bioenergylists.org/" target="_blank">http://gasifiers.bioenergylists.org/</a><o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>> _______________________________________________<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>> Gasification mailing list<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>> to Send a Message to the list, use the email address<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>> <a href="mailto:Gasification@bioenergylists.org">Gasification@bioenergylists.org</a><o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>> to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>> <a href="http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/gasification_lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/gasification_lists.bioenergylists.org</a><o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>> for more Gasifiers, News and Information see our web site:<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>>> <a href="http://gasifiers.bioenergylists.org/" target="_blank">http://gasifiers.bioenergylists.org/</a><o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>> --<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>> Regards,<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>> Greg Manning,<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>> Brandon, Manitoba, Canada<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>-- <o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>Regards,<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>Greg Manning,<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>Brandon, Manitoba, Canada<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>_______________________________________________<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>Gasification mailing list<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>to Send a Message to the list, use the email address<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'><a href="mailto:Gasification@bioenergylists.org">Gasification@bioenergylists.org</a><o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'><a href="http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/gasification_lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/gasification_lists.bioenergylists.org</a><o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>for more Gasifiers, News and Information see our web site:<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'><a href="http://gasifiers.bioenergylists.org/" target="_blank">http://gasifiers.bioenergylists.org/</a> <o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>_______________________________________________<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>Gasification mailing list<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>to Send a Message to the list, use the email address<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'><a href="mailto:Gasification@bioenergylists.org">Gasification@bioenergylists.org</a><o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'><a href="http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/gasification_lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/gasification_lists.bioenergylists.org</a><o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'>for more Gasifiers, News and Information see our web site:<o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre><pre style='background:white'><tt><span style='color:black'><a href="http://gasifiers.bioenergylists.org/" target="_blank">http://gasifiers.bioenergylists.org/</a><o:p></o:p></span></tt></pre></div></div></div></blockquote><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><div><p class=MsoNormal>_______________________________________________<br>Gasification mailing list<br><br>to Send a Message to the list, use the email address<br><a href="mailto:Gasification@bioenergylists.org">Gasification@bioenergylists.org</a><br><br>to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page<br><a href="http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/gasification_lists.bioenergylists.org">http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/gasification_lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br><br>for more Gasifiers, News and Information see our web site:<br><a href="http://gasifiers.bioenergylists.org/">http://gasifiers.bioenergylists.org/</a><o:p></o:p></p></div></blockquote></div></body></html>