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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Tom,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Where did the zinc from the tires end up in your process? In the ash? <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>In combustion it is oxidized to fine particle and is usually removed from the stack gas with an electrostatic precipitator.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Tom<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><a name="_MailEndCompose"><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></a></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> Gasification [mailto:gasification-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org] <b>On Behalf Of </b>linvent@aol.com<br><b>Sent:</b> Monday, November 12, 2012 8:28 AM<br><b>To:</b> gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org; mark@ludlow.com<br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [Gasification] Sweden's trash project / Japanese trash project<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>For dioxins need to be produced, the chlorine needs oxygen to form the intermediate chlorine dioxide and without the availability of oxygen, and the presence of excess hydrogen, dioxins are actually destroyed by the stripping of oxygen to form water with the hydrogen and the hydrogen produces hydrogen chloride or hydrochloric acid. There are a series of reactions and conditions needed to produce dioxins including temperature, residence time, oxygen, and designs of thermal systems can affect the production where a pyrolytic gas is combusted, they will be produced. <o:p></o:p></span></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>In our testing for the North Counties Association, a group of cities around San Diego, the ash and gas we produced from MSW/RDF operations in South Houston did not contain any dioxins. Additionally, with the interesting gas cleaning system we have developed, tires gasified contained no sulfur by FTIR analysis and other analysis. It was not a specific S removal system i.e., not designed specifically to remove S from the gas. <o:p></o:p></span></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>Sincerely,<o:p></o:p></span></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>Leland T. "Tom" Taylor<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>Thermogenics Inc. <o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'>-----Original Message-----<br>From: Tom Miles <<a href="mailto:tmiles@trmiles.com">tmiles@trmiles.com</a>><br>To: mark <<a href="mailto:mark@ludlow.com">mark@ludlow.com</a>>; 'Discussion of biomass pyrolysis and gasification' <<a href="mailto:gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org">gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>><br>Sent: Sat, Nov 10, 2012 9:38 pm<br>Subject: Re: [Gasification] Sweden's trash project / Japanese trash project<o:p></o:p></span></p><div id="AOLMsgPart_2_85c2083a-04bd-4f59-92b8-60effb3d91ec"><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'>Mark,<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'>The Japanese unit looks like it might be a small rotary pyrolyzer that is heated by burning the offgas. In that case we would expect to see a char product and a clean stack. <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'>Ebara is the main waste to energy company that uses gasification in Japan. Burn the gas directly into a close coupled boiler. <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'>Japan funded extensive waste gasification in the 1990s. They tried several different types of gasifiers. Ebara is one of the few companies that still used gasification for waste. There are several companies that make rotary pyrolyzers. Last year in Kyoto we did not see evidence that they are used much for biochar production. Most biochar seems to be made by very small scale stirred bed rice husk gasifiers by Kansai Corporation.. The gas is burned above the stirred bed and used to heat water for space heating or process heat. The biochar (called “kuntan”) sells for about $0.40/lb. <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'>Tom<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'> Gasification [<a href="mailto:gasification-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org?">mailto:gasification-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Mark Ludlow<br><b>Sent:</b> Saturday, November 10, 2012 7:01 PM<br><b>To:</b> 'Discussion of biomass pyrolysis and gasification'<br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [Gasification] Sweden's trash project / Japanese trash project<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'>Tom,<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'>The incinerators I’ve seen, operate with excess oxygen. This seems antithetical to gasification. Perhaps a two-stage gasifier?<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'>Mark<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'> Gasification [<a href="mailto:gasification-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org">mailto:gasification-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Tom Miles<br><b>Sent:</b> Saturday, November 10, 2012 7:09 PM<br><b>To:</b> 'Discussion of biomass pyrolysis and gasification'<br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [Gasification] Sweden's trash project / Japanese trash project<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'>You could call it a pyrolytic incinerator. The gases must be burned in conditions to completely destroy the dioxins. Even the poultry manure gasifier in West Virginia had to be tested for dioxins. Poultry litter manure has about 1% chlorine on a dry basis. Municipal waste also is loaded with salts from foods and fertilizers. We found much higher concentrations of salts in ash from MSW incineration than we expected. <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'>Tom <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'> Gasification [<a href="mailto:gasification-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org">mailto:gasification-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Lloyd Helferty<br><b>Sent:</b> Saturday, November 10, 2012 4:49 PM<br><b>To:</b> Discussion of biomass pyrolysis and gasification<br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [Gasification] Sweden's trash project / Japanese trash project<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><div style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'>In answer to Mark Ludlow's question, Where does the rest of the “trash” go? <br>That would probably be "up the stack" ~ i.e. == air emissions ??<br><br>In answer to John Miedema's question about "chlorides involved in the trash" and a possible dioxin problem? <br>Again, you might, depending on the TEMPS involved in the process.<br><br><br> You might expect that one good way to avoid Dioxins is to avoid burning chlorinated plastics, i.e. PVC (Polyvinyl chloride), Chlorinated polyethylene (CPE), Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) etc.<br><br> Yes, most dioxins arise in the condensed solid phase by the reaction of inorganic chlorides with graphitic structures in char-containing ash particles, with copper acting as a catalyst for these reactions, therefore the highest dioxin concentration is typically created by the <b><i>pyrolysis</i></b> of PVC.<br><br> Large <b>incinerators</b> have mostly worked this out, however. The Japanese [and German] tech is rather good at dealing with these things.<br><br>I don't know what kind of "air emissions" controls have been put on this particular system, if any.<br><br> The single most important factor in forming dioxin-like compounds is the temperature of the combustion gases. Oxygen concentration also plays a major role on dioxin formation, but <b>not</b> the chlorine content. Several studies have shown that removing PVC from waste would <u>not</u> significantly reduce the quantity of dioxins emitted.**<br><br>The design of modern incinerators minimize dioxins by optimizing the <b>stability of the thermal process</b>. The EU emission limit is 0.1 ng I-TEQ/m3. Modern incinerators not only operate in conditions that minimize dioxin formation, but are also equipped with <b>pollution control devices</b> which catch the low amounts produced.<br><br>** The European Union Commission published in July 2000 a Green Paper on the Environmental Issues of PVC noted that, "there does not seem to be a direct quantitative relationship between chlorine content and dioxin formation".<br>Similarly, another study commissioned by the European Commission on "<i>Life Cycle Assessment of PVC and of principal competing materials</i>" states that "Recent studies show that the presence of PVC has <u>no significant effect</u> on the amount of dioxins released through incineration of plastic waste."<br><br>Regards,<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><pre><span style='color:black'> Lloyd Helferty, Engineering Technologist<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style='color:black'> Principal, Biochar Consulting (Canada)<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style='color:black'> <a href="http://www.biochar-consulting.ca" target="_blank">www.biochar-consulting.ca</a><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style='color:black'> 48 Suncrest Blvd, Thornhill, ON, Canada<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style='color:black'> 905-707-8754<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style='color:black'> CELL: 647-886-8754<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style='color:black'> Skype: lloyd.helferty<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style='color:black'> Steering Committee coordinator<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style='color:black'> Canadian Biochar Initiative (CBI)<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style='color:black'> President, Co-founder & CBI Liaison, Biochar-Ontario<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style='color:black'> National Office, Canadian Carbon Farming Initiative (CCFI)<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style='color:black'> Partner of Toronto Urban Ag Summit <a href="http://www.urbanagsummit.org" target="_blank">www.urbanagsummit.org</a> <o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style='color:black'> Manager, Biochar Offsets Group:<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style='color:black'> <a href="http://www.linkedin.com/groups?home=&gid=2446475" target="_blank">http://www.linkedin.com/groups?home=&gid=2446475</a><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style='color:black'> Advisory Committee Member, IBI<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style='color:black'> <a href="http://www.linkedin.com/groups?gid=1404717" target="_blank">http://www.linkedin.com/groups?gid=1404717</a><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style='color:black'> <a href="http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=42237506675" target="_blank">http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=42237506675</a><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style='color:black'> <a href="http://groups.google.com/group/biochar-ontario" target="_blank">http://groups.google.com/group/biochar-ontario</a><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style='color:black'> <a href="http://www.meetup.com/biocharontario/" target="_blank">http://www.meetup.com/biocharontario/</a><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style='color:black'> <a href="http://www.biocharontario.ca" target="_blank">http://www.biocharontario.ca</a><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style='color:black'> <a href="http://www.biochar.ca" target="_blank">www.biochar.ca</a><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style='color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style='color:black'>"It is the path, more than the arrival at the destination, that is important"<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style='color:black'> - Gandhi<o:p></o:p></span></pre><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'>On 2012-11-10 12:36 PM, John Miedema wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'>I am curious about the chlorides involved in the trash (plastics)? Would not there be a dioxin problem? <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'>John Miedema</span></strong><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'>BioLogical Carbon, LLC<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><div><div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'><hr size=2 width="100%" align=center></span></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'> Gasification [<a href="mailto:gasification-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org">mailto:gasification-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Mark Ludlow<br><b>Sent:</b> Saturday, November 10, 2012 2:24 AM<br><b>To:</b> 'Discussion of biomass pyrolysis and gasification'<br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [Gasification] Sweden's trash project / Japanese trash project<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'>Where does the rest of the “trash” go? Just, “Somewhere”? RE: Conservation of Mass.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'>Mark<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'> Gasification [<a href="mailto:gasification-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org">mailto:gasification-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Terry & Susan Layman<br><b>Sent:</b> Friday, November 09, 2012 4:08 PM<br><b>To:</b> <a href="mailto:Gasification@bioenergylists.org">Gasification@bioenergylists.org</a><br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [Gasification] Sweden's trash project / Japanese trash project<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'>The Swedish are probably using the same system the Japanese invented.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'>Leave it to the Japanese to perfect a system, that virtually elimanates<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'>trash. Each day Iwamoto's <a href="http://superstoneclean.com/waste-treatment-solutions/" target="_blank">"Super Stone Clean Waste Treatment'' </a>processors<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'>can take a 20 ton pile of common garbage, and reduce it to less than 8 gallons<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'>of what they call biochar. <o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'>Just watch their video. then you can see first hand the machine and the process.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'>I, wouldn't classify it as BioChar, but it looks to me like ashes.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'>Reduces waste volume from 1/100th to 1/3000th of original input: <o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'>1,000kg waste →300g ashes <strong><span style='font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>( 2,200 lbs waste to 10.58 oz's ashes )</span></strong> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'>This is probably the most advanced system for Gasification.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div></div><div style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><pre><span style='color:black'>_______________________________________________<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style='color:black'>Gasification mailing list<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style='color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style='color:black'>to Send a Message to the list, use the email address<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style='color:black'><a href="mailto:Gasification@bioenergylists.org">Gasification@bioenergylists.org</a><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style='color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style='color:black'>to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span 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