<html><body><div style="color:#000; background-color:#fff; font-family:verdana, helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:12pt"><div><span>Dear Tom and Kevin, </span></div><div><span> It is clear from reading the old texts, that when gas producers were fueled with coal and the gas burned in something like a Westinghouse 5000hp gas engine, the brake specific fuel consumption was less the the same horse power steam engine. Both systems would have had specilized professional engineers and artisans keeping things working economically. So in the end, the lower capitalization and fuel consumption costs would have leaned toward the gas producers. This was all around 1900. Reading Sir Ricardo's books, allows a direct comparison between the big gas engines and the fledgling diesel engines, and it was pretty clear that even with compressed air atomization (a separate power robbing aircompressor), the diesel would eventually have better brake specific fuel consumption
and even lower capitalization costs the gas producers. There was also this competition between coal and crude oil. </span></div><div> The history is interesting in showing that gas producers were competitive when the comparison is made between systems using the same fuel. I don't see that happening today. There simply aren't any internal combustion engines designed to burn producer gas whether it comes from coal, biomass, or blast furnaces. Its apples compared to oranges. The same can be said for steam too. As close I see to an equal comparison is wood chip burning heating plants and something like Greg's system.</div><div> The real answer to Stuart's question is that producer gas is the only sustainable alternative fuel that can come close to replacing motor fuel and be used by the present fleet of vehicles. As in world war two, when petroleum motor fuel was removed from the picture, then the vehicle fleets had to switch over, and they had no
choice but to figure out the tar problem. Its worth it because there wasn't a choice.</div><div> Perhaps in the near future there will be better choices.</div><div>yours,</div><div>Bruce<br></div> <div style="font-family: verdana, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> <div style="font-family: times new roman, new york, times, serif; font-size: 12pt;"> <div dir="ltr"> <font size="2" face="Arial"> <div style="margin: 5px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); height: 0px; line-height: 0; font-size: 0px;" class="hr" contentEditable="false" readonly="true"></div> <b><span style="font-weight: bold;">From:</span></b> Kevin <kchisholm@ca.inter.net><br> <b><span style="font-weight: bold;">To:</span></b> Discussion of biomass pyrolysis and gasification <gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org> <br> <b><span style="font-weight: bold;">Sent:</span></b> Friday, February 1, 2013 3:22 PM<br> <b><span style="font-weight:
bold;">Subject:</span></b> Re: [Gasification] mycoremediation of tarry water<br> </font> </div> <wbr><div id="yiv1746362201">
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<div><font face="Arial">Dear Tom</font></div>
<div><font face="Arial"></font> </div>
<div><font face="Arial">Certainly, what you say could be true for 2 MW and larger
facilities that have the technical and economic economies of scale.</font></div>
<div><font face="Arial"></font> </div>
<div><font face="Arial">Smaller gasifier and engine systems can deliver 1 HP for a
heat rate of about 16,000 BTU/hp-hr. If powering a generator, this is a heat
rate of about 24,000 BTU/kw-hr. I would doubt that small scale steam or ORC
plants could meet this heat rate. </font></div>
<div><font face="Arial"></font> </div>
<div><font face="Arial">Small gasification plants can be operated safely with a
conscientious Operator, having very basic training. Steam power plants of any
significant size and pressure, usually Stationary Engineers as Operators. With
smaller steam Plants, the Operating labour Cost can be very
significant.</font></div>
<div><font face="Arial"></font> </div>
<div><font face="Arial">Best wishes,</font></div>
<div><font face="Arial"></font> </div>
<div><font face="Arial">Kevin. </font></div>
<blockquote style="padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 5px; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 5px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid;">
<div style="font: 10pt/normal arial; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;">----- Original Message ----- </div>
<div style="background: rgb(228, 228, 228); font: 10pt/normal arial; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"><b>From:</b>
<a title="tmiles@trmiles.com" href="mailto:tmiles@trmiles.com" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" ymailto="mailto:tmiles@trmiles.com">Tom Miles</a>
</div>
<div style="font: 10pt/normal arial; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"><b>To:</b> <a title="gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org" href="mailto:gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" ymailto="mailto:gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org">'Discussion of biomass
pyrolysis and gasification'</a> ; <a title="kneebraceboy@yahoo.com.au" href="mailto:kneebraceboy@yahoo.com.au" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" ymailto="mailto:kneebraceboy@yahoo.com.au">'stuart mather'</a> </div>
<div style="font: 10pt/normal arial; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"><b>Sent:</b> Friday, February 01, 2013 1:04
PM</div>
<div style="font: 10pt/normal arial; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"><b>Subject:</b> Re: [Gasification]
mycoremediation of tarry water</div>
<div><br></div>
<div class="yiv1746362201WordSection1">
<div class="yiv1746362201MsoNormal"><span style='color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;'>Except
. . apparently when you do a detailed engineering feasibility study and get
quotes from suppliers. In a recent 2 MWe project we found that gasifiers were
50% higher in capital cost than steam (turbines or engines) or steam + ORC. In
the opinion of a couple of gasifier suppliers, for our economic circumstances,
gasifiers could be more competitive in the 5 to 10 MWe scale. At 10 MWe steam
becomes more economic. We were interested to see that at the 2 MWe scale steam
or steam + ORC could be competitive. There are about 200 ORC systems in
operation on biomass but to use ORC you need a use for large amounts of low
quality heat.</span></div>
<div class="yiv1746362201MsoNormal"><span style='color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;'> </span></div>
<div class="yiv1746362201MsoNormal"><span style='color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;'>We
found that while a 5-10 MWe biomass plant may have a heat rate (fuel to power)
of 14,500 Btu/kWh, the efficiency for the 2 MWe plant ranged from
18,500-22,800 Btu/kWh for small scale steam turbines; 28,000-55,000 Btu/kWh
for ORC boiler-turbines and 24,000 Btu/kWh for gasifiers. In this 2 MWe case
gasification did not demonstrate an advantage in capital and operating costs
or fuel to power efficiency compared with steam or steam + ORC.
</span></div>
<div class="yiv1746362201MsoNormal"><span style='color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;'> </span></div>
<div class="yiv1746362201MsoNormal"><span style='color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;'>Tom
</span></div>
<div class="yiv1746362201MsoNormal"><a href="" name="_MailEndCompose" rel="nofollow"><span style='color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;'> </span></a></div>
<div>
<div style="border-width: 1pt medium medium; border-style: solid none none; border-color: rgb(181, 196, 223) currentColor currentColor; padding: 3pt 0in 0in;">
<div class="yiv1746362201MsoNormal"><b><span style='font-family: "Tahoma", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;'>From:</span></b><span style='font-family: "Tahoma", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;'> Gasification
[mailto:gasification-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org] <b>On Behalf Of
</b>Kevin<br><b>Sent:</b> Friday, February 01, 2013 8:01 AM<br><b>To:</b>
stuart mather; Discussion of biomass pyrolysis and
gasification<br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [Gasification] mycoremediation of tarry
water</span></div></div></div>
<div class="yiv1746362201MsoNormal"> </div>
<div>
<div class="yiv1746362201MsoNormal"><span style='font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif";'>Dear
Stuart</span></div></div>
<div>
<div class="yiv1746362201MsoNormal"> </div></div>
<div>
<div class="yiv1746362201MsoNormal"><span style='font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif";'>Basically,
a "Gasifier + IC engine" is cheaper than a "Boiler + Turbine (or steam
engine)".</span></div></div>
<div>
<div class="yiv1746362201MsoNormal"> </div></div>
<div>
<div class="yiv1746362201MsoNormal"><span style='font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif";'>Turbines
must have superheated steam, to enable maximum expansion of the steam, without
having droplet condensation that can be a serious cause of turbine blade
erosion. erosion in a steam engine is not a problem, even with saturated
steam. However, the steam engine efficiency with low pressure saturated steam
is dreadful. Higher pressures and superheat would considerably improve the
efficiency of steam engines. </span></div></div>
<div>
<div class="yiv1746362201MsoNormal"> </div></div>
<div>
<div class="yiv1746362201MsoNormal"><span style='font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif";'>Then there
is the safety hazard associated with steam. Safety is not a problem with
competent operators, but competent operators are expensive to hire.
Additionally, there are many Government regulations connected to steam boilers
and their operation, because of many fatalities in the past, as a result of
poor boiler design or inadequately qualified
Operators.</span></div></div>
<div>
<div class="yiv1746362201MsoNormal"> </div></div>
<div>
<div class="yiv1746362201MsoNormal"><span style='font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif";'>With
woodgas, there are indeed safety hazards, but they are much smaller than with
steam. The main safety hazard with wood gas is the poisonous CO, but with
appropriate system design and ventilation, this hazard is small.
Additionally, if there is a serious failure with woodgas, it will not be as
dramatic and physically devastating as would be a steam boiler explosion.
</span></div></div>
<div>
<div class="yiv1746362201MsoNormal"> </div></div>
<div>
<div class="yiv1746362201MsoNormal"><span style='font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif";'>So.... it
is worth the bother, especially for smaller installations, to go with
woodgas rather than steam boilers, and to take extra steps to clean it
adequately.</span></div></div>
<div>
<div class="yiv1746362201MsoNormal"> </div></div>
<div>
<div class="yiv1746362201MsoNormal"><span style='font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif";'>Best
wishes,</span></div></div>
<div>
<div class="yiv1746362201MsoNormal"> </div></div>
<div>
<div class="yiv1746362201MsoNormal"><span style='font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif";'>Kevin</span></div></div>
<blockquote style="border-width: medium medium medium 1.5pt; border-style: none none none solid; border-color: currentColor currentColor currentColor black; margin: 5pt 0in 5pt 3.75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 4pt;">
<div>
<div class="yiv1746362201MsoNormal"><span style='font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;'>----- Original
Message ----- </span></div></div>
<div>
<div style="background: rgb(228, 228, 228);" class="yiv1746362201MsoNormal"><b><span style='font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;'>From:</span></b><span style='font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;'> <a title="kneebraceboy@yahoo.com.au" href="mailto:kneebraceboy@yahoo.com.au" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" ymailto="mailto:kneebraceboy@yahoo.com.au">stuart mather</a>
</span></div></div>
<div>
<div class="yiv1746362201MsoNormal"><b><span style='font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;'>To:</span></b><span style='font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;'> <a title="kneebraceboy@yahoo.com.au" href="mailto:kneebraceboy@yahoo.com.au" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" ymailto="mailto:kneebraceboy@yahoo.com.au">stuart mather</a> ; <a title="gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org" href="mailto:gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" ymailto="mailto:gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org">Discussion of biomass
pyrolysis and gasification</a> </span></div></div>
<div>
<div class="yiv1746362201MsoNormal"><b><span style='font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;'>Sent:</span></b><span style='font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;'> Thursday,
January 31, 2013 11:07 PM</span></div></div>
<div>
<div class="yiv1746362201MsoNormal"><b><span style='font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;'>Subject:</span></b><span style='font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;'> Re:
[Gasification] mycoremediation of tarry water</span></div></div>
<div>
<div class="yiv1746362201MsoNormal"> </div></div>
<div>
<div>
<div style="background: white;" class="yiv1746362201MsoNormal"><span style='color: black; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;'>Ok,
steam turbines under 250 hp aren't efficient and a turbine needs super
heated steam. But a reciprocating steam engine is efficient and doesn't need
superheated steam, so aren't these better than trying to deal with tar in an
internal combustion engine?</span></div></div>
<div>
<div class="yiv1746362201MsoNormal"><span style='color: black; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;'>Stuart.</span></div></div>
<div>
<div style="background: white;" class="yiv1746362201MsoNormal"><span style='color: black; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></div></div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div style="background: white; text-align: center;" class="yiv1746362201MsoNormal" align="center"><span style='color: black; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;'>
<div style="margin: 5px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); height: 0px; line-height: 0; font-size: 0px;" class="hr" contentEditable="false" readonly="true"></div>
</span></div>
<div style="background: white;" class="yiv1746362201MsoNormal"><b><span style='color: black; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;'>From:</span></b><span style='color: black; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;'>
stuart mather <<a href="mailto:kneebraceboy@yahoo.com.au" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" ymailto="mailto:kneebraceboy@yahoo.com.au">kneebraceboy@yahoo.com.au</a>><br><b>To:</b>
Discussion of biomass pyrolysis and gasification <<a href="mailto:gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" ymailto="mailto:gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org">gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>>
<br><b>Sent:</b> Friday, 1 February 2013 12:21 PM<br><b>Subject:</b> Re:
[Gasification] mycoremediation of tarry water</span><span style="color: black;"></span></div></div>
<div style="background: white;" class="yiv1746362201MsoNormal"><span style="color: black;"> </span></div>
<div id="yiv1746362201">
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div style="background: white;" class="yiv1746362201MsoNormal"><span style='color: black; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;'>I'm
just curious why syngas is ever deliberately burnt in an internal combustion
engine in a deliberate setup when surely it would completely sidestep the
tar/acids corrosion/disposal issue if the heat was just used to power a
steam turbine driven generator? Sorry if it's a daft
question.</span></div></div>
<div>
<div class="yiv1746362201MsoNormal"><span style='color: black; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;'>Stuart.</span></div></div>
<div>
<div class="yiv1746362201MsoNormal"><span style='color: black; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></div></div>
<div>
<div style="background: white;" class="yiv1746362201MsoNormal"><span style='color: black; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></div></div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div style="background: white; text-align: center;" class="yiv1746362201MsoNormal" align="center"><span style='color: black; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;'>
<div style="margin: 5px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); height: 0px; line-height: 0; font-size: 0px;" class="hr" contentEditable="false" readonly="true"></div>
</span></div>
<div style="background: white;" class="yiv1746362201MsoNormal"><b><span style='color: black; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;'>From:</span></b><span style='color: black; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;'>
Robert Fairchild <<a href="mailto:solarbobky@yahoo.com" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" ymailto="mailto:solarbobky@yahoo.com">solarbobky@yahoo.com</a>><br><b>To:</b>
Discussion of biomass pyrolysis and gasification <<a href="mailto:gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" ymailto="mailto:gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org">gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>>
<br><b>Sent:</b> Friday, 1 February 2013 11:40 AM<br><b>Subject:</b> Re:
[Gasification] mycoremediation of tarry water</span><span style="color: black;"></span></div></div>
<div style="background: white;" class="yiv1746362201MsoNormal"><span style="color: black;"> </span></div>
<div id="yiv1746362201">
<table class="yiv1746362201MsoNormalTable" border="0" cellSpacing="0" cellPadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0in;" vAlign="top">
<div class="yiv1746362201MsoNormal">This might be a job for mushrooms. Really. Filter
the water through straw or woodchips then innoculate with the
appropriate fungus. It's known as mycoremediation. Paul Stamets is the
expert.<br>See:<br><a href="http://www.realitysandwich.com/mycoremediation_and_oil_spills" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">http://www.realitysandwich.com/mycoremediation_and_oil_spills</a><br><a href="http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/464.1.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/464.1.pdf</a><br> Bob<br><br>---
On <b>Thu, 1/31/13, <a href="mailto:linvent@aol.com" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" ymailto="mailto:linvent@aol.com">linvent@aol.com</a> <i><<a href="mailto:linvent@aol.com" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" ymailto="mailto:linvent@aol.com">linvent@aol.com</a>></i></b>
wrote:</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 12pt;" class="yiv1746362201MsoNormal"><br>From: <a href="mailto:linvent@aol.com" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" ymailto="mailto:linvent@aol.com">linvent@aol.com</a> <<a href="mailto:linvent@aol.com" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" ymailto="mailto:linvent@aol.com">linvent@aol.com</a>><br>Subject: Re:
[Gasification] Gasification Digest, Vol 29, Issue 7: scrubber
water<br>To: <a href="mailto:gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" ymailto="mailto:gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org">gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br>Date:
Thursday, January 31, 2013, 8:15 PM</div>
<div id="yiv1746362201">
<div style="margin-bottom: 12pt;" class="yiv1746362201MsoNormal"><span style='color: black; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;'>And
some of the gasifiers in India simply dump it in ponds. One very well
funded group set up large tanks ala biodigesters, that didn't work.
This is the same group that spent $200 mm on an Australian MSW
to power gasifier that was scrapped. It is not acceptable to
dump the produced water in any normal waste water treatment system.
Even in "clean" gasifier gas the moisture content going to the engine
will bring organic acids and other compounds that will reduce the
lifetime and the power output of the engine. There are effective water
treatment systems available, and after years of trying a variety of
options, we have landed on ones that work well and are relatively
inexpensive to construct and operate. If you look at the cost of a
coal gasifier water treatment plant, it is a significant
investment.</span></div>
<div>
<div class="yiv1746362201MsoNormal"><span style='color: black; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;'>Sincerely,</span></div>
<div>
<div class="yiv1746362201MsoNormal"><span style='color: black; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;'>Leland
T. "Tom" Taylor</span></div></div>
<div>
<div class="yiv1746362201MsoNormal"><span style='color: black; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;'>Thermogenics
Inc. </span></div></div></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 12pt;" class="yiv1746362201MsoNormal"><span style='color: black; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;'> </span></div>
<div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 12pt;" class="yiv1746362201MsoNormal"><span style='color: black; font-family: "Helvetica", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;'>-----Original
Message-----<br>From: David Coote <<a href="mailto:dccoote@mira.net" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" ymailto="mailto:dccoote@mira.net">dccoote@mira.net</a>><br>To:
gasification <<a href="mailto:gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" ymailto="mailto:gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org">gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>><br>Sent:
Thu, Jan 31, 2013 5:38 pm<br>Subject: Re: [Gasification] Gasification
Digest, Vol 29, Issue 7: scrubber water</span></div>
<div id="yiv1746362201AOLMsgPart_0_3c4c1624-fb30-4bb5-a340-978e5ecb267d"><pre style="background: white;"><tt><span style="color: black;">How were they handling the scrubber water, Tom? A colleague visited a </span></tt></pre><pre style="background: white;"><tt><span style="color: black;">reasonable size gasifier in Europe where the water was stored in a tank. </span></tt></pre><pre style="background: white;"><tt><span style="color: black;">Once this tank was full their immediate option was to install another </span></tt></pre><pre style="background: white;"><tt><span style="color: black;">tank. Not ideal!</span></tt></pre><pre style="background: white;"><tt><span style="color: black;"> </span></tt></pre><pre style="background: white;"><tt><span style="color: black;">Waste disposal is becoming increasingly expensive in Australia. This </span></tt></pre><pre style="background: white;"><tt><span style="color: black;">would increase the cost
of the power.</span></tt></pre><pre style="background: white;"><tt><span style="color: black;"> </span></tt></pre><pre style="background: white;"><tt><span style="color: black;">Regards</span></tt></pre><pre style="background: white;"><tt><span style="color: black;"> </span></tt></pre><pre style="background: white;"><tt><span style="color: black;">David</span></tt></pre><pre style="background: white;"><tt><span style="color: black;"> </span></tt></pre><pre style="background: white;"><tt><span style="color: black;">On 1/02/2013 7:00 AM, <span class="yiv1746362201MsoHyperlink">gasification-request@lists.bioenergylists.org</span> wrote:</span></tt></pre><pre style="background: white;"><tt><span style="color: black;">> ------------------------------ Message: 20 Date: Thu, 31 Jan 2013 </span></tt></pre><pre style="background: white;"><tt><span style="color: black;">> 09:32:11 -0800 From: "Tom Miles" <<span
class="yiv1746362201MsoHyperlink">tmiles@trmiles.com</span>> To: "'Discussion </span></tt></pre><pre style="background: white;"><tt><span style="color: black;">> of biomass pyrolysis and gasification'" </span></tt></pre><pre style="background: white;"><tt><span style="color: black;">> <<span class="yiv1746362201MsoHyperlink">gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org</span>> Subject: Re: [Gasification] </span></tt></pre><pre style="background: white;"><tt><span style="color: black;">> Power Pallet Message-ID: <<a href="mailto:00f201cdffd8$e7c8ae80$b75a0b80$@trmiles.com" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" ymailto="mailto:00f201cdffd8$e7c8ae80$b75a0b80$@trmiles.com">00f201cdffd8$e7c8ae80$b75a0b80$@trmiles.com</a>> </span></tt></pre><pre style="background: white;"><tt><span style="color: black;">> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"</span></tt></pre><pre style="background: white;"><tt><span style="color: black;">>> >yes,
but remember that all that run these fuels to date are doing so by</span></tt></pre><pre style="background: white;"><tt><span style="color: black;">>> </span></tt></pre><pre style="background: white;"><tt><span style="color: black;">> tolerating a dirty gas non tar solving reactor, and fighting the tar problem</span></tt></pre><pre style="background: white;"><tt><span style="color: black;">> in the filtering. on the low tech end this is nearly always a water</span></tt></pre><pre style="background: white;"><tt><span style="color: black;">> scrubbing system, which really just>moves the toxic problem somewhere else,</span></tt></pre><pre style="background: white;"><tt><span style="color: black;">> and actual real world running is highly unattractive. yes, it will work for</span></tt></pre><pre style="background: white;"><tt><span style="color: black;">> the demo, but the ongoing issues with
the bongwater cofferdam challenges</span></tt></pre><pre style="background: white;"><tt><span style="color: black;">> health, regulatory and general pleasurable>concerns.</span></tt></pre><pre style="background: white;"><tt><span style="color: black;">> </span></tt></pre><pre style="background: white;"><tt><span style="color: black;">> Not so fast. You can't write off "tar making" gasifiers completely. While</span></tt></pre><pre style="background: white;"><tt><span style="color: black;">> your observation may be true for hundreds of low cost gasifiers now in use,</span></tt></pre><pre style="background: white;"><tt><span style="color: black;">> in the last five years I have seen three small scale gas cleaning systems</span></tt></pre><pre style="background: white;"><tt><span style="color: black;">> using wet scrubbers that would pass California air quality and safety</span></tt></pre><pre style="background: white;"><tt><span
style="color: black;">> regulations. One is produced commercially and was demonstrated at the 300</span></tt></pre><pre style="background: white;"><tt><span style="color: black;">> kWe scale. Another was demonstrated at 300 KWe and used on a 1 MWe system.</span></tt></pre><pre style="background: white;"><tt><span style="color: black;">> One was demonstrated on a 100 kWe downdraft gasifier generating 100 kWe from</span></tt></pre><pre style="background: white;"><tt><span style="color: black;">> grass seed screenings. I know of another two in development for the 40 kWe</span></tt></pre><pre style="background: white;"><tt><span style="color: black;">> scale. (I also know of at least one that has failed miserably.)</span></tt></pre><pre style="background: white;"><tt><span style="color: black;">> </span></tt></pre><pre style="background: white;"><tt><span style="color: black;">> Tar making gasifiers may be a solution for some very
difficult but abundant</span></tt></pre><pre style="background: white;"><tt><span style="color: black;">> fuel like rice husks and agricultural residues if the tars can be managed</span></tt></pre><pre style="background: white;"><tt><span style="color: black;">> and destroyed acceptably.</span></tt></pre><pre style="background: white;"><tt><span style="color: black;">> </span></tt></pre><pre style="background: white;"><tt><span style="color: black;">> Tom</span></tt></pre><pre style="background: white;"><tt><span style="color: black;">> </span></tt></pre><pre style="background: white;"><tt><span style="color: black;"> </span></tt></pre><pre style="background: white;"><tt><span style="color: black;"> </span></tt></pre><pre style="background: white;"><tt><span style="color: black;">_______________________________________________</span></tt></pre><pre style="background: white;"><tt><span style="color:
black;">Gasification mailing list</span></tt></pre><pre style="background: white;"><tt><span style="color: black;"> </span></tt></pre><pre style="background: white;"><tt><span style="color: black;">to Send a Message to the list, use the email address</span></tt></pre><pre style="background: white;"><tt><span style="color: black;"><span class="yiv1746362201MsoHyperlink">Gasification@bioenergylists.org</span></span></tt></pre><pre style="background: white;"><tt><span style="color: black;"> </span></tt></pre><pre style="background: white;"><tt><span style="color: black;">to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page</span></tt></pre><pre style="background: white;"><tt><span style="color: black;"><a href="http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/gasification_lists.bioenergylists.org" rel="nofollow"
target="_blank">http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/gasification_lists.bioenergylists.org</a></span></tt></pre><pre style="background: white;"><tt><span style="color: black;"> </span></tt></pre><pre style="background: white;"><tt><span style="color: black;">for more Gasifiers, News and Information see our web site:</span></tt></pre><pre style="background: white;"><tt><span style="color: black;"><a href="http://gasifiers.bioenergylists.org/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">http://gasifiers.bioenergylists.org/</a></span></tt></pre></div></div></div>
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