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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>I probably have no business asking entering into this discussion since I am neither a chemist nor a physicist, but---<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Over the last several months I have been trying to learn the “truth” about the dissociation of the water in my wood chips into Hydrogen and oxygen. I had previously read someplace that it was a pretty simple process. You just heat water to somewhere above 350 degrees C and there you go.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'> Well, lately I have become quite disconcerted as I have read that there are so many other factors that can be involved, that it’s anybody’s guess as to whether it will happen at all. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Some of the variables:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Pressure<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Temperature (obviously)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Residence time<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Presence or absence of carbon and form of that carbon. And, apparently, the availability of carbon from other molecules.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>And apparently, the list goes on and on.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>So what is an ordinary human with a stratified downdraft gasifier to do to reliably pry enough hydrogen out of the process to make it worth doing?<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Pete Stanaitis<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>----------------<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> Gasification [mailto:gasification-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org] <b>On Behalf Of </b>doug.williams<br><b>Sent:</b> Monday, February 04, 2013 11:26 AM<br><b>To:</b> Arnt Karlsen; gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org<br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [Gasification] mycoremediation of tarry water<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><br><strong><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Hi Arnt,</span></strong><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>You ask:</span></strong><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><br><strong><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>> ..quick question: H2 needs how much longer dwell time than CO?</span></strong><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>For many years I was locked into H2 formation as only a temperature dependant disassociation, but this has been shown to be incorrect by the continuous gas analysis we have been able to use for the development programme in California. As we increased the output over a range of bed depths, H2 dropped, while CO tended to increase. You could always find a sweet spot for a chosen depth, but H2 formation lagged if you pulled harder.</span></strong><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>If you increase the bed depths to increase the contact/dwell time, even by say 25mm, the H2 will increase, but then so does bed resistances. Time taken has to be nano seconds, but as you have discovered, a good sneeze can help maintain the bed porosity(:-)</span></strong><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>There are many ways to skin this cat, but the basics remain the same based on the experience so far. It would be great if gas was only made at a fixed output, then variations of every type could be controlled.</span></strong><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Doug Williams,</span></strong><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Fluidyne------</span></strong><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div></div></body></html>