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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>Thanks for the update Doug,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>Kind regards,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>Gero <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>www.carboconsult.com<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=1 color=blue face=Arial><span style='font-size:
8.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:blue'>CARBO CONSULT & ENGINEERING (Pty) Ltd</span></font><font
size=1 color="#0070c0" face=Arial><span style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:
Arial;color:#0070C0'> <img width=12 height=12 id="_x0000_i1026"
src="cid:image001.gif@01CE86AB.3A36E9D0" alt="lightbulb_a" border=0><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font
size=2 face=Tahoma><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'>
doug.williams [mailto:Doug.Williams@orcon.net.nz] <br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> 21 July 2013 06:05 AM<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b>
gasification@bioenergylists.org<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> [Gasification] Fluidyne
Update</span></font><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><strong><b><font size=2 face=Arial><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>Hi Gasification Colleagues,</span></font></b></strong><span
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Arial><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Arial'> </span></font><strong><b><font size=2
face=Arial><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>Having
returned from a visit to our gasification development project in California at
CalForest Forestry Nursery, some may find it interesting to see how
the " Shasta Class 1" (this is the new designated name for this
series of linear hearth gasifiers) gasifier project has progressed since
my last visit 18 months ago. With the new "Shasta 2" now finally in
existence, the alternative of the blown mode of gasification will be
investigated. The photos can be seen on the Fluidyne Archive </span></font></b></strong><font
size=2 face=Arial><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'><a
href="http://www.fluidynenz.250x.com"><strong><b><font face=Arial><span
style='font-family:Arial'>www.fluidynenz.250x.com</span></font></b></strong></a><strong><b><font
face=Arial><span style='font-family:Arial'> The photos are larger
than normal so you will need to slide left to read the text.</span></font></b></strong></span></font><span
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><strong><b><font size=2 face=Arial><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>Shasta 1 was put to work these last
two Northern Winters to heat the green house as shown in the last project
report, and other than what could be called normal unexpected stoppages due to
shear bolts breaking and chips in the wrong moving place, proved to be more
than adequate for the heating requirement. The heat exchanger that
was built, proved a little small to test the upper gas outputs, but as a
complete system, provided a test bed for the automation allowing unattended
operation. </span></font></b></strong><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Arial><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Arial'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><strong><b><font size=2 face=Arial><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>Operation of Shasta 1 over the
annual seasonal changes while hooked up to a online gas analyzer, highlighted
the variations that can be experienced by the gas making process, some of which
are almost impossible to detect, let alone control. The stability and natural
evolution of the packed bed oxidation and reduction chars has always been
considered the most important aspect to our gas making philosophy, so a
new design feature of Shasta Class, is adjustment of</span></font></b></strong><em><b><i><font
size=2 color=red face=Arial><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial;color:red;font-weight:bold'> </span></font></i></b></em><strong><b><font
size=2 face=Arial><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>the
bed during operation in responce to gas quality changes. Char
extraction is not used in any way to maintain the process, but some char
does exit the reduction zone <font color=black><span style='color:black'>naturally
with soot's entrained in the gas, and the dropped larger fraction</span></font><font
color="#00b0f0"><span style='color:#00B0F0'> </span></font><font color=black><span
style='color:black'>augured out the bottom. The cyclone then removes most of
the char entrained in the gas stream.</span></font></span></font></b></strong><span
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Arial><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Arial'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><strong><b><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>We are interested
in two options for using producer gas to heat greenhouses;</span></font></b></strong><strong><b><font
size=2 face=Arial><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'> gas/air
or water/air heat exchangers. <font color=black><span style='color:black'>Shasta
1 has been using a gas/air</span></font><font color=red><span style='color:
red'> </span></font><font color=black><span style='color:black'>exchanger.
Shasta</span></font> 2 will be tested firing a hot water boiler,
with the gasifier operating in the blown mode. Drawing from experience of
operating the Pacific Class gasifiers in the blown mode with hot gas
cleaning using a four cluster cyclone, particulates down to about 10
micron (talcum powder) are removed before gas combustion. The test flare<font
color=red><span style='color:red'> </span></font><font color=black><span
style='color:black'>after cycloning was</span></font> without angry
red feathers or sparks and had very nice colors without any stinging
radiation to indicate the presence of uncracked hydrocarbons. Flare colors are
still an instant insight to indicate gas quality, and my hope in the future is
to see these colors matched in real time to the gas analysis. Although <font
color=black><span style='color:black'>Shasta 2 was</span></font><font
color=red><span style='color:red'> </span></font>designed around the original
100 kWe ( 320Nm3/hr) gas output, converting approximately 140 kg/hr fuel, the
gas making will be pushed to it maximum, now that weights can be more
accurately established using scales under the trailer fuel bin.</span></font></b></strong><span
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Arial><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Arial'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><strong><b><font size=2 face=Arial><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>To facilitate easier management of
the fuel chip supply for this test programme, the gasifier, fuel
feeders, walking floor trailer storage, and chipper, are<font
color=red><span style='color:red'> </span></font>together next to the log
storage area. With something like 600 tons on site, one begins to appreciate
how much wood you need to supply a 1-150 kWe gasifier, which clearly
illustrates the concept of feeding a forest through a funnel. Bearing in mind
that when a gasifier is placed in a location that is not ideal, the
installation lay-outs lack ergonomics due to reusing and recycling of quite
expensive components. The gasifier remains a bare bones model without mounting
skids or service decks, as we fully expect to have a need to modify the fuel
input componentry. </span></font></b></strong><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Arial><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Arial'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><strong><b><font size=2 face=Arial><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>Waste char from the gasifiers at
CalForests, which everyone now calls biochar, completed first stage composing
trials last season with excellent results. These bin trials were to establish
how the various temperature profiles develop, plus of course how the seedlings
respond to these blends. The next phase is to conduct trial of
windrow piles, as there is now substantial stored char, opening up another
exciting activity associated with this Nursery business. With the
2013 season the busiest yet, when some 20 million trees will be
shipped out to Forestry operators, they still find time to
provide continued support to research institutions, and remain privately
funded from this commercial activity. </span></font></b></strong><span
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Arial><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Arial'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Arial><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Arial'> </span></font><strong><b><font size=2
face=Arial><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>I can
only take my hat off to Tom Jopson and his dedicated staff, to show you a tiny
portion of what I experience during my visits. My work on site is now less than
necessary, but still rewarding to see as it provides capability for sustainable
activity in a rural economically depressed area.</span></font></b></strong><font
face=Arial><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Arial'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Arial><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Arial'> </span></font><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><strong><b><font size=2 face=Arial><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>Doug Williams,</span></font></b></strong><span
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><strong><b><font size=2 face=Arial><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>Fluidyne Gasification.</span></font></b></strong><strong><b><font
size=2 color="#1f497d" face=Calibri><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:
Calibri;color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></font></b></strong></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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