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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body bgcolor=white lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Metta,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>When we pyrolyze plastics or trash we usually wind up with char that is a hazardous waste. It must be disposed of at a high cost, typically $600/ton, in a hazardous landfill, or further processed for disposal in a lower cost - $80/ton – landfill. It is not suitable for use as biochar. Recent studies in Japan of the pyrogenetic characteristics of molten slag from waste pyrolysis have sought to refine ash quality but it does not contain carbon. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Gasification is the conversion of a solid primarily to gas. The char-ash residue is not the principal product. As Lloyd says there have been many waste gasification systems. You will find example of waste gasification projects funded by the US government from about the 1970s readily on the internet. Oxygen blown past furnaces were among the early technologies applied to waste. The Purox (Union Carbide) process, still in use in Japan, comes to mind. A few years ago the Purox process was considered for the city of Indianapolis for waste. More recently Westinghouse plasma gasifiers are gasifying waste in India and Turkey. Oxygen is burned in the plasma guns that heat a bed of coke. The waste gasifies as it is partly heated by the plasma. Ash melts and drip through the coke. One major ethanol project considered using the Westinghouse plasma gasifier to produce syngas for conversion to ethanol. All of the carbon is consumed in the process. The ash in the blast furnace environment was sometimes converted to glass, as in the Andco-Torrax 100 tpd pilot gasifier operated for several years at the Disney World. In that process pyrolysis gas was oxidized to melt the ash to glass. I remember that refractory wear was a problem in that plant. Refractory wear is a challenge in waste and coal gasification and has been studied extensively in the US. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Purox - <a href="http://www.biomass2methanol.org/pureox01.htm">http://www.biomass2methanol.org/pureox01.htm</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Westinghouse Plasma http://www.westinghouse-plasma.com/ <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Gasification and pyrolysis processes for waste should not be discounted for producing biochar. When used with cleaner biomass they make very good char. The gasifier that is built by ICM was originally designed by a Boeing engineer who developed the gasifier for waste gasification. (Boeing did more than build planes. We worked on a Boeing designed refuse derived fuel plant in the 1980s. ) ICM bought or leased the patent from the inventor. ICM has demonstrated that when used with crop residues and urban wood wastes it produces a very good char. They can make either ash or biochar. They applied field tests for Iowa State University. It is a technology that is waiting for suitable markets for heat, power and biochar for 200-400 tpd fuel input. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><a href="http://www.icminc.com/products/advanced-gasification.html">http://www.icminc.com/products/advanced-gasification.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Tom<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><a name="_MailEndCompose"></a><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:windowtext'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:windowtext'> Gasification [mailto:gasification-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Lloyd Helferty<br><b>Sent:</b> Saturday, August 24, 2013 6:34 AM<br><b>To:</b> Metta Spencer<br><b>Cc:</b> 'Discussion of biomass pyrolysis and gasification'<br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [Gasification] Please read this<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'>Metta,<br><br> Trash --> Char does NOT equal "Biochar". [!] I would NEVER recommend using the stuff in soils...<br><br><i>Sierra Energy</i>'s Gasification. Also (probably) <u>not</u> that NEW. There are many, many, many Gasification systems out there that make 'syngas' (hydrogen and carbon monoxide) ~ and can do things <i>similar</i> to this, although this does seem a bit "unique"... because of this so called "<i>FastOx</i> chemical reaction". [?]<br><br>Best thing to do is probably to ask the folks on the "Gasification List"... (CC'd)<br><br><br>P.S. A Canadian company called <i>Enerkem Technologies Inc</i>. (<a href="http://www.enerkem.com">www.enerkem.com</a>) has been making Ethanol from Trash for quite a while... probably <i>long</i> before <i>Ineos Bio</i> came along.<br><br>Also ... Probably none of these companies in the article are (or even can) claim "carbon negativity"...<br><br> But, of course, if this system <i>does</i> work... maybe there are ways of bringing it to Toronto... [?]<br> ... It would certainly help with the stuff** that <i><u>can't</u></i> be turned into "biochar" (and used in soils).<br>**i.e. the stuff that's too <i><u>contaminated</u></i>.<br> ( My 'business partners' here in York Region <i>may</i> be able to help make it happen in the GTA... <i>if</i> indeed it works. [?] )<br><br>Regards,<o:p></o:p></p><pre> Lloyd Helferty, Engineering Technologist<o:p></o:p></pre><pre> Principal, Biochar Consulting (Canada)<o:p></o:p></pre><pre> <a href="http://www.biochar-consulting.ca">www.biochar-consulting.ca</a><o:p></o:p></pre><pre> 48 Suncrest Blvd, Thornhill, ON, Canada<o:p></o:p></pre><pre> 905-707-8754<o:p></o:p></pre><pre> CELL: 647-886-8754<o:p></o:p></pre><pre> Skype: lloyd.helferty<o:p></o:p></pre><pre> Steering Committee coordinator<o:p></o:p></pre><pre> Canadian Biochar Initiative (CBI)<o:p></o:p></pre><pre> President, Co-founder & CBI Liaison, Biochar-Ontario<o:p></o:p></pre><pre> National Office, Canadian Carbon Farming Initiative (CCFI)<o:p></o:p></pre><pre> Come learn about biochar in October:<o:p></o:p></pre><pre> <a href="http://www.carbon-negative.us/symposium">www.carbon-negative.us/symposium</a><o:p></o:p></pre><pre> Member of the Don Watershed Regeneration Council (DWRC)<o:p></o:p></pre><pre> Manager, Biochar Offsets Group:<o:p></o:p></pre><pre> <a href="http://www.linkedin.com/groups?home=&gid=2446475">http://www.linkedin.com/groups?home=&gid=2446475</a><o:p></o:p></pre><pre> Advisory Committee Member, IBI<o:p></o:p></pre><pre> <a href="http://www.linkedin.com/groups?gid=1404717">http://www.linkedin.com/groups?gid=1404717</a><o:p></o:p></pre><pre> <a href="http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=42237506675">http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=42237506675</a><o:p></o:p></pre><pre> <a href="http://groups.google.com/group/biochar-ontario">http://groups.google.com/group/biochar-ontario</a><o:p></o:p></pre><pre> <a href="http://www.meetup.com/biocharontario/">http://www.meetup.com/biocharontario/</a><o:p></o:p></pre><pre> <a href="http://www.biocharontario.ca">http://www.biocharontario.ca</a><o:p></o:p></pre><pre> <a href="http://www.biochar.ca">www.biochar.ca</a><o:p></o:p></pre><pre><o:p> </o:p></pre><pre>"Technology is only a tool. Sustainability is determined not by the the individual technologies, but rather how -- and even whether -- we decide to use them."<o:p></o:p></pre><pre> - Lloyd Helferty<o:p></o:p></pre><p class=MsoNormal>On 2013-08-18 7:37 PM, Metta Spencer wrote:<o:p></o:p></p></div><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><pre>I don't know whether this system is compatible with biochar production, but it would solve the problem they end the article with: waste. <o:p></o:p></pre><pre><o:p> </o:p></pre><pre>Can you please tell me how they should evaluate the cost/benefits of this procedure versus biochar manufacture with trash?<o:p></o:p></pre><pre>Thanks.<o:p></o:p></pre><pre>MS<o:p></o:p></pre><pre><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/18/business/trash-into-gas-efficiently-an-army-test-may-tell.html">http://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/18/business/trash-into-gas-efficiently-an-army-test-may-tell.html</a><o:p></o:p></pre><pre><o:p> </o:p></pre></blockquote><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div></body></html>