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<DIV>The "recycling " of CO2 within the gasifier sounds very interesting because
CO2 can be converted into methane under the right conditions, presumably in the
presence of steam and a catalyst at high temperature.</DIV>
<DIV>I was informed on this site that IC engines were not able to deal
with an enriched oxygen fuel mix and required large quantities of "energy
absorbing" nitrogen to keep them running. or else the valves would burn out or
reasons of that nature. This is a pity because the exhaust would be of a much
higher value for gas making. This would also be true if the input supply of
air to the gasifier was devoid of nitrogen.</DIV>
<DIV>By comparison the gasifier would only need to be 1/5th in size if it
was designed to deal with oxygen only in order to burn its fuel.</DIV>
<DIV>This would require a pressure/adsorption system for the provision of
primary air for combustion, </DIV>
<DIV>These devices are not that complicated, requiring a compressor and a couple
of pressure vessels containing</DIV>
<DIV>the correct zeolite together with a plumber.</DIV>
<DIV>A simple test of this process would be to take your plastic welding
electrically heated welding torch and connected to a supply of CO 2 .attach
the nozzle to a suitable "reaction chamber" (capped water pipe"containing your
Biomass, switch on and vaporize the contents with your electrically heated CO
2</DIV>
<DIV>Test the value of the output, then do a second test using compressed air
for comparison.</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>GFWHELL</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV>In a message dated 11/30/2013 12:39:04 P.M. Eastern Standard Time,
pannirbr@gmail.com writes:</DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE
style="BORDER-LEFT: blue 2px solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px"><FONT
style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" color=#000000 size=2 face=Arial>
<DIV dir=ltr>Dear Tom , Thomas , Jim
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV> Tom said </DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: arial,sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 12px">By injecting
exhaust into the gasifier you are recycling a lot of inert gas (CO2, N2) and
very little heat</SPAN><BR></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: arial,sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 12px"><BR></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: arial,sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 12px">
If the engine use pyrogas derived syngas not
much c02 and less No2c problems from combustion exhaust gas
thus the out put c02 exhaust can be sucessfly used upt0 30 porcent
recycling back both enegy and co2, for gasification . more than
this amount othewise there can be co2 and N2 build up ,rightly
pointed out by tom as there is closed loop via direct c02v with no
purge </SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: arial,sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 12px"><BR></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: arial,sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 12px">
The possibilty of integrated innovative design very urgent
indeed , the closed c02 to co looping via combustion and
chacoal gasification .We believe that the gasification of chacoal
with exchaust gas can reduce the c02 to c0. both via indirect pyrlysis
one sucg as GEK gasifier and also co2 and h2
chacoal gasifiction as done done well by recent DTU
viking gasifier reactors need futher study regarding energy
integration.</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: arial,sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 12px"><BR></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face="arial, sans-serif"> int his context milled charcoal
cola with exhaust co2 and steam via spouted or fluidezed bed
gasification can play key role to arrive at practical technology .
However c02 and c0 equilibrium temperature limited one , mass transfer
and heat rnsfer problems need to be understood before one arrive
practical small sacle fluidized bed gasifier.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face="arial, sans-serif"><BR></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face="arial, sans-serif"> Tom know well
than any other that Brazilian ceramic bricks made low cost
gasogen was very much pracical energy generator iduring second wor lwar
even in remote place of Brazil, now chinese doing more work
with low cost charcoal gasifier.The pyrogas economy , charcoal economy
,syngas sofc fuel all very mature to become reality to
decentralized bioenergy small smart grid </FONT><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: arial,sans-serif"> power.Inthis context
pyrolysis reactor as weel spouted bed gasification can make
possible the smaal biopower competetive with large
scale </SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face="arial, sans-serif"><BR></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face="arial, sans-serif"> Yours sincerly with kind
regards</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face="arial, sans-serif"> Pannirselvam P.V,
Brasil</FONT></DIV>
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<DIV class=gmail_extra><BR clear=all>
<DIV>
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<DIV class=gmail_quote>On Sat, Nov 30, 2013 at 6:34 AM, Thomas Koch <SPAN
dir=ltr><<A title=mailto:tk@tke.dk href="mailto:tk@tke.dk"
target=_blank>tk@tke.dk</A>></SPAN> wrote:<BR>
<BLOCKQUOTE
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Cleanup! (<A title=mailto:tk@tke.dk href="mailto:tk@tke.dk"
target=_blank>tk@tke.dk</A>) <A
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target=_blank>More info</A> <BR></DIV><BR>Tom<BR><BR>I agree very much to
your description of the status of FB gasifiers.<BR>Not real upscaleable to
an interesting size - to many operations problems - too big carbon or
thermal losses and too dirty gas to real interesting !<BR>The 2 Danish FB
biomass gasifier - Pyroneer and Skive are struggling a real lot with gas
cleaning.<BR><BR>Do you have any idea of the status of the Viking gasifier
development?<BR><BR>I have asked several times if it is possible to visit
the plant for over 2 years - or if there is a public report available with a
little data?? but no luck sofar.<BR><BR>The last information I have from the
project is from linked-in where saw that the only engineer I knew on the
project have left this summer.<BR><BR>Best regards<BR><BR>Thomas
Koch<BR><BR><BR>-----Oprindelig meddelelse-----<BR>Fra: Gasification
[mailto:<A title=mailto:gasification-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org
href="mailto:gasification-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org">gasification-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org</A>]
På vegne af Tom Miles<BR>Sendt: 30. november 2013 07:01<BR>Til: 'Kevin';
'Discussion of biomass pyrolysis and gasification'<BR>Emne: Re:
[Gasification] Fluidised bed reactor<BR><BR>If you want to use the engine
exhaust in a gasifier you must consider the heat and material balance for a
gasifier and IC engine.<BR><BR>Fuel input 100%<BR>Heat loss in FB gasifier
5%<BR>(Sensible) Heat loss to cooling the gas 25% Cold clean gas efficiency
to engine 70% (20% C0, 20% H2, 2% CH4, 12% CO2, 44% N).<BR>Heat conversion
in engine ~25%<BR>33% to power (~14-17% fuel to power)<BR>33% to engine
jacket heat (17% net)<BR>33% to exhaust. (17% net, mostly CO2 and
N)<BR><BR>By injecting exhaust into the gasifier you are recycling a lot of
inert gas (CO2, N2) and very little heat. The best use of the exhaust gas
heat may be in preconditioning the fuel. Danish Technological University
(DTU Viking gasifier, 1990-2010, that is now being commercialized by
Weiss) and later All Power Labs (Power Pallet, 2009) have used heat from the
exhaust to indirectly dry and pyrolyze incoming fuel. The dried and
partially devolatilized wood, along with preheated combustion air, appears
to contribute to a stable oxidation zone. Both units make a very good
quality gas. These are both fixed bed downdraft gasifiers with pre-pyrolysis
zones.<BR>Peak temperatures reach 1000 C-1200 C in the oxidation zone and
800-900C in the reduction zones.<BR><A
title=http://www.btgworld.com/en/references/publications/handbook-biomass-gasification-second-edition
href="http://www.btgworld.com/en/references/publications/handbook-biomass-gasification-second-edition"
target=_blank>http://www.btgworld.com/en/references/publications/handbook-biomass-gasifica<BR>tion-second-edition</A><BR><BR>We
have worked with many fluidized bed gasifiers in research and in industrial
applications, for producer gas, and for synthesis gas. The fluidized bed is
an intriguing reactor that has its use in industrial applications but they
are expensive to build and operate.<BR><BR>Fluidized bed (FB) gasifiers are
unique because distributor plates or nozzles in the bed uniformly distribute
the reactant (air, steam) in the sand (or media) bed. It is therefore
imperative that the fuel be distributed uniformly for good gasification.
This good distribution affords good temperature control as the fuel goes
through the exo- and endo- thermic reactions that Kevin described. The ideal
arrangement is to feed the fuel into the bed and allow sufficient time
(depth) for it to completely react before breaking the surface into the
vapor space above the bed. Of course there are variations on fluidized bed
reactors such as spouted beds, fast beds, or entrained flow reactors. The
latter are used for fast pyrolysis to liquid fuels by companies like Ensyn.
I think that Dynamotive is the only company that uses a bubbling bed for
pyrolysis. Many of the biomass to liquid reactors consumes the char to drive
the process so there is no excess char<BR><BR>When used for gasification
fluidized beds can be pretty stable in the<BR>650-750 C range. The higher
temperatures are needed to provide thermal inertia when wetter fuel (>20%
MC) is used. Higher temperatures are generated by adding oxidants as Kevin
has described. Higher vapor space temperatures (750 C) can be achieved by
adding air above the bed. The partial oxidation can reduce NOx precursors in
the fuel gas. You can think of the heat balance as consuming between 25% and
33% of the fuel to convert the remainder to chemical (producer gas or
syngas) and sensible energy.<BR>Producer gas is burned directly in a boiler
or reformed for use in engines.<BR>Synthesis gas is usually made using
enriched air or oxygen as the reactant or by indirect heating, as in a dual
fluid bed. The variety of catalytic reformers used to make synthesis gases
can be seen online in the presentations at the TC Biomass 2011 and 2013
conferences.<BR><A
title=http://www.gastechnology.org/tcbiomass2013/Pages/2013-Presentations.aspx
href="http://www.gastechnology.org/tcbiomass2013/Pages/2013-Presentations.aspx"
target=_blank>http://www.gastechnology.org/tcbiomass2013/Pages/2013-Presentations.aspx</A><BR><BR>There
are a few small commercial (50-100 tpd) fluidized bed/entrained flow
pyrolyzers that are making specialized products (liquid smoke) for the food
industry. In general there are no commercial small scale fluidized bed
gasifiers or combustors.<BR>Attempts by US boiler makers and several small
entrepreneurs have failed to sustain commercial operation of fluidized bed
gasifiers or combustors at the small scale.<BR><BR>Tom
Miles<BR><BR><BR><BR><BR><BR><BR><BR><BR><BR><BR>-----Original
Message-----<BR>From: Gasification [mailto:<A
title=mailto:gasification-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org
href="mailto:gasification-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org">gasification-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org</A>]
On Behalf Of Kevin<BR>Sent: Friday, November 29, 2013 9:23 AM<BR>To:
Discussion of biomass pyrolysis and gasification<BR>Subject: Re:
[Gasification] Fluidised bed reactor<BR><BR>Dear Rex<BR><BR>----- Original
Message -----<BR>From: "Rex Zietsman" <<A
title=mailto:rex@whitfieldfarm.co.za
href="mailto:rex@whitfieldfarm.co.za">rex@whitfieldfarm.co.za</A>><BR>To:
<<A title=mailto:gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org
href="mailto:gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org">gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org</A>><BR>Sent:
Friday, November 29, 2013 4:18 AM<BR>Subject: [Gasification] Fluidised bed
reactor<BR><BR><BR>> Kevin,<BR>><BR>> What you say is correct.
However, there is benefit in returning some<BR>> exhaust<BR>> back to
gasification as you force a higher production of CO relative to<BR>>
CO2<BR>> production. I suspect it is an equilibrium thing...<BR><BR># For
a gasifier having a relatively high exit temperature, then engine<BR>exhaust
additions to the gasifier intake air could indeed be a way to both<BR>lower
the gasifier exit temperature, and to raise the CO level.<BR><BR>There is a
CO/CO2 equilibrium consideration, and also a kinetics or "speed<BR>of
reaction" consideration.<BR><BR>Best wishes,<BR><BR>Kevin<BR>><BR>>
Rex<BR>><BR>><BR>> ---<BR>> This email is free from viruses and
malware because avast! Antivirus<BR>> protection is active.<BR>> <A
title=http://www.avast.com/ href="http://www.avast.com/"
target=_blank>http://www.avast.com</A><BR>><BR>><BR>>
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