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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Thomas,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Results have been mixed. One “gasifier char” had very high PAH which affected crop performance. Unfortunately the source and conditions of production were not identified. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>From Sarah Hale:<o:p></o:p></span></p><h1>Quantifying the total and bioavailable polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and dioxins in biochars.<o:p></o:p></h1><p class=MsoNormal><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Hale%20SE%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=22321025">Hale SE</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Lehmann%20J%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=22321025">Lehmann J</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Rutherford%20D%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=22321025">Rutherford D</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Zimmerman%20AR%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=22321025">Zimmerman AR</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Bachmann%20RT%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=22321025">Bachmann RT</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Shitumbanuma%20V%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=22321025">Shitumbanuma V</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=O%27Toole%20A%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=22321025">O'Toole A</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Sundqvist%20KL%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=22321025">Sundqvist KL</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Arp%20HP%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=22321025">Arp HP</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Cornelissen%20G%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=22321025">Cornelissen G</a>.<o:p></o:p></p><h3>Source<o:p></o:p></h3><p>Department of Environmental Engineering, Norwegian Geotechnical Institute NGI, PO Box 3930 Ullevål Stadion, N-0806 Oslo, Norway. Sarah.Hale@NGI.NO<o:p></o:p></p><h3>Abstract<o:p></o:p></h3><p>Biochar soil amendment is advocated to mitigate climate change and improve soil fertility. A concern though, is that during biochar preparation PAHs and dioxins are likely formed. These contaminants can possibly be present in the biochar matrix and even bioavailable to exposed organisms. Here we quantify total and bioavailable PAHs and dioxins in a suite of over 50 biochars produced via slow pyrolysis between 250 and 900 °C, using various methods and biomass from tropical, boreal, and temperate areas. These slow pyrolysis biochars, which can be produced locally on farms with minimum resources, are also compared to biochar produced using the industrial methods of fast pyrolysis and gasification. Total concentrations were measured with a Soxhlet extraction and bioavailable concentrations were measured with polyoxymethylene passive samplers. Total PAH concentrations ranged from 0.07 μg g(-1) to 3.27 μg g(-1) for the slow pyrolysis biochars and were dependent on biomass source, pyrolysis temperature, and time. With increasing pyrolysis time and temperature, PAH concentrations generally decreased. These total concentrations were below existing environmental quality standards for concentrations of PAHs in soils. Total PAH concentrations in the fast pyrolysis and gasification biochar were 0.3 μg g(-1) and 45 μg g(-1), respectively, with maximum levels exceeding some quality standards. Concentrations of bioavailable PAHs in slow pyrolysis biochars ranged from 0.17 ng L(-1) to 10.0 ng L(-1)which is lower than concentrations reported for relatively clean urban sediments. The gasification produced biochar sample had the highest bioavailable concentration (162 ± 71 ng L(-1)). Total dioxin concentrations were low (up to 92 pg g(-1)) and bioavailable concentrations were below the analytical limit of detection. No clear pattern of how strongly PAHs were bound to different biochars was found based on the biochars' physicochemical properties.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'> <o:p></o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> Gasification [mailto:gasification-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Thomas Koch<br><b>Sent:</b> Thursday, December 05, 2013 3:06 PM<br><b>To:</b> Discussion of biomass pyrolysis and gasification<br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [Gasification] AGT LTC process<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Are there anybody that have an idea of how much PAH biochar contains? <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=DA style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>Fra:</span></b><span lang=DA style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> Gasification [<a href="mailto:gasification-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org">mailto:gasification-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>] <b>På vegne af </b>darius_tamizi<br><b>Sendt:</b> 5. december 2013 23:36<br><b>Til:</b> Discussion of biomass pyrolysis and gasification<br><b>Emne:</b> Re: [Gasification] AGT LTC process<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=DA><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=DA>We are very interested in feeding poultry with biochar. Anybody can give us more info?<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=DA><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=DA>Darius<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=DA><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=DA><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=DA style='font-size:9.0pt;color:#575757'>Terkirim dari Samsung Mobile<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span lang=DA><br><br><br>-------- Original message --------<br>From: Tom Miles <<a href="mailto:tmiles@trmiles.com">tmiles@trmiles.com</a>> <br>Date: 06/12/2013 03:14 (GMT+07:00) <br>To: 'Discussion of biomass pyrolysis and gasification' <<a href="mailto:gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org">gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>> <br>Subject: Re: [Gasification] AGT LTC process <o:p></o:p></span></p><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=DA style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>IEA Task 33 country report (2012) by Reinhard Rausch gives the following information:</span><span lang=DA><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=default><b><span lang=DA style='font-size:11.5pt'> </span></b><span lang=DA><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=default><span lang=DA style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>AGT Agency for Green Technology </span><span lang=DA><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=default><span lang=DA style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Ledererg 3 A-4861 Schoerfling </span><span lang=DA><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=default><span lang=DA style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>E-mail: <a href="mailto:info@agt-world.com">info@agt-world.com</a> </span><span lang=DA><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=default><span lang=DA style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Web: <a href="http://www.agt-world.com">http://www.agt-world.com</a> </span><span lang=DA><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=DA style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Low Temperature Conversion (LTC) is a thermo catalytic decomposition process operating without air supply</span><span lang=DA><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=DA style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'> </span><span lang=DA><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=DA style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>There is a presentation that is not too informative. </span><span lang=DA><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=DA style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><a href="http://www.agt-austria.at/downloads/AGT_DL3_072011.pdf">http://www.agt-austria.at/downloads/AGT_DL3_072011.pdf</a></span><span lang=DA><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><a name="_MailEndCompose"></a><span lang=DA style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'> </span><span lang=DA><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=DA style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>You might contact the company and Reinhard at Vienna University of Technology. </span><span lang=DA><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=DA style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'> </span><span lang=DA><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=DA style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Tom</span><span lang=DA><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=DA style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'> </span><span lang=DA><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=DA style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'> </span><span lang=DA><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><b><span lang=DA style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span lang=DA style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> Gasification [<a href="mailto:gasification-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org">mailto:gasification-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Don Murray<br><b>Sent:</b> Thursday, December 05, 2013 11:03 AM<br><b>To:</b> <a href="mailto:gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org">gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br><b>Subject:</b> [Gasification] AGT LTC process</span><span lang=DA><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=DA> <o:p></o:p></span></p><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=DA>Ref: AGT - Agency for Green Technology, Austria<o:p></o:p></span></p><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=DA>Process: LTC low temperature conversion gasification<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=DA> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=DA>Is someone familiar with this technology - process? What is progressive thermal catalytic material gasification?<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=DA> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=DA>Do we have here a pyrolysis reactor front-end; followed by a gasifier processing the char and the pyrolysis gases?<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=DA> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=DA>Thank you for any insight.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=DA> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=DA>Don Murray, ing.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=DA> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><b><span lang=DA style='font-size:13.5pt'>EMISPEC</span></b><span lang=DA><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=DA>Parc Techno du Québec Métropolitain<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=DA>2750 rue Einstein, suite 390<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=DA>Québec, G1P 4R1<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=DA>Canada<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=DA> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><b><span lang=DA style='color:#000099'><a href="http://www.emispec.ca" target="_blank">www.emispec.ca</a></span></b><span lang=DA><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=DA> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=DA>off: +1 418 266 0308<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><b><span lang=DA>skype</span></b><span lang=DA>: emispec-don.murray<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=DA> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><b><span lang=DA><a href="https://picasaweb.google.com/108399800724959588615/DropBox?authuser=0&feat=directlink" target="_blank">de la fibre au <span style='color:#006600'>kWh</span> ...</a></span></b><span lang=DA><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=DA> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></body></html>