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<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Dear David.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>…I think that it is a very good point when you highlight….that….”
</span><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:red'>Depending on the soil analysis</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> a good soil doctor would produce a prescription biochar, which
would mean different temperatures etc, etc…”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='color:#365F91'>Kindest regards.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>Oscar.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";
color:windowtext'>De:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";
color:windowtext'> Gasification
[mailto:gasification-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org] <b>En nombre de </b>David
Murphy<br>
<b>Enviado el:</b> Sunday, December 08, 2013 9:25 PM<br>
<b>Para:</b> Discussion of biomass pyrolysis and gasification<br>
<b>Asunto:</b> Re: [Gasification] Biochar et al.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><br>
<br>
Greetings Paul !<br>
<br>
No problem with your criticism/correction. But as I
understand it (and I'm no expert) "oils ain't oils" and Biochar ain't
just biochar". Depending on the soil analysis a
good soil doctor would produce a prescription biochar, which would mean
different temperatures etc as you descdribe. The topic
is complex and I certainly can't describe it in a few linesand neither am I
qualified to. It's a bit like worms. Some people say to me
"Tell me all about worms". I've written 3 books (Best Sellers)
on the topic and haven't covered it properly yet.<br>
<br>
DJM.<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
On 09/12/2013 10:16 AM, Paul Judd wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal>On 07/12/13 09:00, David Murphy wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
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<blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal><br>
<span style='font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>Greetings Biochar/Gasifier
people !</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span
style='font-size:13.5pt'>Everybody & his dog seems to have something to say
about charcoal/biochar/biochar-compost mix and so on. Well,
here’s another dog to bark his piece ! <br>
<br>
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span
style='font-size:13.5pt'>Biochar is often seen as the great agricultural
panacea, but <u>it is not</u>. Biochar is a name given to plain ordinary
charcoal to indicate that it is destined for use in soil improvement, but
basically it is still plain ordinary charcoal, just crushed into smaller
particles. In some circumstances it is a very beneficial tool but it is
not magical as some proponents seem to think. Just remember, all
charcoal has a bio-origin - wood. <br>
<br>
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span
style='font-size:13.5pt'>In some Ag. trials in Australia it significantly
improved crop volume (treble in one case) but in other instances, nothing worth
writing home about. It depends on what the soil is like to start with. <br>
<br>
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span
style='font-size:13.5pt'>Charcoal is stable. That means it does not take
part in any composting system (which is one primarily of bacterial digestion)
and it is indigestible so that when offered as a dietary supplement (in poultry
food for example) it passes through the digestive system physically unchanged
but will adsorb a high proportion of the gases and some toxins produced in the
process of digestion, because that is what charcoal does. For
this reason, it's adsorption capability, poultry will generally do better on a
little charcoal. </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span
style='font-size:13.5pt'>Quite a few pages could be filled on the beneficial
services provided by charcoal as it travels through the digestive system, but
it does it as charcoal only and as nothing else. By all means use a
little in the feed, you can only benefit. <br>
</span><br>
<span style='font-size:13.5pt'>The only physical way to change the nature of
charcoal is to burn it. That is why it lasts in soil (or
wherever it is) for thousands of years.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span
style='font-size:13.5pt'>It has an incredibly high surface area of 360 m<sup>2 </sup>(varies)
and is a mass of minute tunnels which in turn means a very high volume and
gases become trapped in these tunnels. It does not <u>ab</u>sorb, it <u>ad</u>sorbs
and traps only. The difference between absorb and adsorb is the same as
the difference in liquids of suspension and solution. Clay particles will
be in suspension, sugar and salt go into solution. <br>
<br>
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span
style='font-size:13.5pt'>Charcoal is useful in an aerobic composting system
because again of the entrapment of air in the tunnels. A composting
system goes well if there is enough oxygen bearing air available to the
bacteria which are a significant part of the system. The more air,
the higher the population of bacteria (other factors being
OK). The charcoal itself is inoperative, and doesn’t
change, nor is it a catalyst, it simply provides a service. It will only
provide a haven for soil benevolent bacteria if there is something trapped in
the tunnels which the bacteria can eat. <br>
<br>
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span
style='font-size:13.5pt'>Charcoal is a good adsorber of gas and liquid simply
because that is what it does. Zeolite on the other hand, can have
an even higher surface are per gram and has a propensity to entrap gases, most
particularly nitrogen in it’s various forms – as gas –
ammonium for example – and in liquids as a salt of NO<sub>3 </sub>.
It actually draws them in (like a magnet attracts ferric objects) where
charcoal just takes it as it comes. It is easy to see also
why charcoal is so effective as a filter, but if you have a solution rich in
nitrogen, run it through Zeolite and the N will be removed. Add some to
the litter in poultry grower sheds, there will be fewer mortalities because the
ammonia which sometimes will asphixiate small birds will be absorbed.
Zeolite will take N out of solution, charcoal will not.
There's 40 natural forms of Zeolite and more than another 150 can be
synthesised, so choose carefully for the one most appropriate to your
problem. Zeolite can perform an amazing range of actions.
Once used and applied as fertiliser, Zeolite subsequently will
release the N slowly and remain in the soil as a balancer of N. Too much,
it will take it in (so that the soil pH is not lowered) and release it as
required.<br>
<br>
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span
style='font-size:13.5pt'>Charcoal’s great stuff though, it's easy to make
and holds answers to a lot of problems - but not all !</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:13.5pt'>David Murphy.</span> <br>
<br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></p>
<pre>_______________________________________________<o:p></o:p></pre><pre>Gasification mailing list<o:p></o:p></pre><pre><o:p> </o:p></pre><pre>to Send a Message to the list, use the email address<o:p></o:p></pre><pre><a
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href="http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/gasification_lists.bioenergylists.org">http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/gasification_lists.bioenergylists.org</a><o:p></o:p></pre><pre><o:p> </o:p></pre><pre>for more Gasifiers, News and Information see our web site:<o:p></o:p></pre><pre><a
href="http://gasifiers.bioenergylists.org/">http://gasifiers.bioenergylists.org/</a><o:p></o:p></pre></blockquote>
<p class=MsoNormal>BioChar is not "ordinary charcoal".<br>
Charcoal is usually made at temperatures above 1000C and all volatiles are
removed.<br>
Bio-char is made a lower temperatures, 400~600C just above spontaneous
combustion temperature of organic material (wet or dry). It contains tars and a
different structure withing the hollows than `ordinary charcoal`. It is the
structure and the tars that make a good home for soil micro organisms. It also
holds water and minerals better than charcoal. <br>
<br>
See <a href="http://www.biochar-international.org/">http://www.biochar-international.org/</a>
for more detailed information and projects.<br>
<br>
Local Australian groups:<br>
<a href="http://biocharproject.org/">http://biocharproject.org/</a><br>
<a href="http://www.bioenergyaustralia.org/">http://www.bioenergyaustralia.org/</a><br>
<br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></p>
<pre>-- <o:p></o:p></pre><pre>Paul Judd B.App.Sc. Secondary Metallurgy, Dip Electrotechnology Renewable Energy, Dip Sustainability<o:p></o:p></pre><pre>Trainer and Sustainability Advisor<o:p></o:p></pre><pre> PAJeco Sustainable Education<o:p></o:p></pre><pre> Sustainability: Learning to live today but leaving enough to live tomorrow<o:p></o:p></pre><pre> <a
href="http://www.pajeco.com.au">http://www.pajeco.com.au</a><o:p></o:p></pre><pre> <a
href="mailto:paul.a.judd@pajeco.com.au">paul.a.judd@pajeco.com.au</a><o:p></o:p></pre><pre> +61415518134<o:p></o:p></pre>
<p class=MsoNormal><br>
<br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></p>
<pre>_______________________________________________<o:p></o:p></pre><pre>Gasification mailing list<o:p></o:p></pre><pre><o:p> </o:p></pre><pre>to Send a Message to the list, use the email address<o:p></o:p></pre><pre><a
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