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<div class="moz-cite-prefix">Dear Tom, Otto and all,<br>
<br>
My limited but serious efforts at horizontal pyrolysis (and known
efforts by others) have been NOT acceptable. If the trench is
open, it burns to ash. Placing a top over the trench (or metal
trough) did not work. We observed the heat and flows being close
to the top, with minimal benefit lower down. We added barriers
hanging down to force the gases downward, but impact was only
localized to the immediate area.<br>
<br>
I am always interested in the experiences of others. As for me,
I have tried and do not plan to attempt again unless others show
different results.<br>
<br>
Paul<br>
<br>
<pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">Doc / Dr TLUD / Prof. Paul S. Anderson, PhD
Email: <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu">psanders@ilstu.edu</a>
Skype: paultlud Phone: +1-309-452-7072
Website: <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="http://www.drtlud.com">www.drtlud.com</a></pre>
On 12/26/2013 10:57 AM, Thomas Reed wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote
cite="mid:33526C97-0C0C-4CB7-B2F8-894B712B6394@gmail.com"
type="cite">
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;
charset=ISO-8859-1">
<div>Dear Otto (and all)</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Gladyou liked the "AutoChar" name. (You should develop your
own new method of making an "OttoChar", but I'm not sure there
any more to discover.)</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>One variation I don't hear of much is "Horizontal Char".
After a tree has been felled and the useful limber hauled away,
there is typically a five foot pile of limbs, branches, sticks
and twigs. I cut this down with my chainsaw attachment to a 1
foot pile of much denser short sticks, load it in a garbage can,
light it on top and wind up with 25 gallons (3 cubic feet) of
Biochar.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>However, if I had a trench 5X5 ft2 in cross section, the pile
of dry "TreeBrush" could be thrown in, lit at one end, and it
would burn horizontally end to end and make Biochar. Saving the
cutting up process. </div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>I don't have such a trench, and my impression is that the
yield would be a lot less than the denser pile of sticks in
which the flame front progresses easily downward, leaving
Biochar, because the easily ignited cellulose aids ignition of
the next layer before the charcoal layer is consumed. </div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Does anyone have thoughts to share?</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Tom Reed</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div><br>
<br>
Thomas B Reed<span class="Apple-style-span"
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<div><span class="Apple-style-span"
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0.292969); -webkit-composition-fill-color: rgba(175, 192,
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<div><span class="Apple-style-span"
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<div><span class="Apple-style-span"
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</div>
<div><br>
On Dec 26, 2013, at 11:06 AM, "Otto Formo" <<a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:terra-matricula@hotmail.com">terra-matricula@hotmail.com</a>>
wrote:<br>
<br>
</div>
<blockquote type="cite">
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<div class="WordSection1">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Dear
Tom R,<br>
<br>
I like your, <strong><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">"AutoChar"</span></strong>,
far better, than the TLUD char.<br>
TLUD is more of a discription of how the fire is lit
(from the top) and how the Natural Draft works, namely
Upwards.<br>
<br>
The most important issue here, I find from your
writings, is how the biomass is lit, namely from the
top.<br>
<br>
I am happy to see how well the "Peko Pe" fit to your
"AutoChar" consept.<br>
You will not even need a wet newspaper to block the
flame to consume the char........:)<br>
When the flame is gone and the gases consumed, your
Bio-char is served and ready for use. (20-25%?)<br>
<br>
Like using a Microwave, just start it and when its
ready, the Peko Pe will also "stop" according to lack of
flame.<br>
The Peko Pe is tuned from "factory", to fit "standard"
settings as well...............:)<br>
<br>
Happy Holydays to all of you.<br>
<br>
Best wishes<br>
<br>
Otto <br>
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center"
align="center"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">
<hr id="stopSpelling" align="center" size="3"
width="100%"></span></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">From:
<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:tombreed2010@gmail.com">tombreed2010@gmail.com</a><br>
Date: Tue, 24 Dec 2013 17:02:57 -0500<br>
To: <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org">gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>;
<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:deankstill@gmail.com">deankstill@gmail.com</a><br>
Subject: [Gasification] Autopyrolysis Biochar<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Dear
Tom Miles and all<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">(Be
sure to specify Miles or Reed when addressing these
two Toms specifically)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">I
regularly make what I have come to call "AUTOCHAR",
but what is often also called Toplit updraft or TLUD
char. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">If
you make a moderately dense pile of dry (short?),
<15%MC) sticks and light the TOP of the pile, it
is easier for the flame to jump to the cellulose in
layer two than to consume the charcoal in layer 1,
so the pile burns down to the ground. If you build
the pile on wet newspapers, the last layer of
charcoal will make enough steam to extinguish the
fire. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">While
I can't prove it, I presume that the 20% lignin in
the wood is the precursor to the charcoal. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">This
is the same principle which causes WoodGas Stoves to
also produce about 20% charcoal. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><br>
<><><><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">The
gas coming from the consumption of the cellulose is
probably a reasonable synthesis gas:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">C6H10O5
+ 1/2 O2 -===> 6CO + 5 H2. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">(Add
two N2 to both sides of this equation if you are
using air, instead of O2. ). <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">This
gas is MUCH richer than the 150 BTU/SCF gas made in
the Imbert gasifier, Probably over 250 BTU/SCF, and
cleaner because most of the cats and dogs in Imbert
gasification come from the Lignin. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">AND,
you get a yield of ~20% Higher quality Biochar,
since I have measured the temperature in the range
500-600C in TLUD gasifiers. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><><><><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">If
the TLUD reaction is carried out in a closed
container (eg, 33 gal garbage can) and the gas is
cooled, I believe this gas should be ideal for
generating power in a Motor Generator set after
cooling it, and passing it through a bucket of the
charcoal. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">In
that case, a ton of dry wood could produce 400 lb of
Biochar PLUS 470 kW of heat or ~ 90 kW of power
(assuming 20% conversion efficiency in a motor
generator set). <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:16.5pt"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:16.5pt"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">I'd
appreciate Comments, critical or otherwise. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:16.5pt"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:16.5pt"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Tom Reed<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:16.5pt"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:16.5pt"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:16.5pt"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Thomas B
Reed <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:16.5pt"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">280
Hardwick Rd<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:16.5pt"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Barre, Ma
01005<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:16.5pt"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">508-353-7841<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:16.5pt"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">I<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><br>
Thomas B Reed<span class="ecxapple-style-span"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="ecxapple-style-span"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">280
Hardwick Rd</span></span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="ecxapple-style-span"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Barre, MA
01005</span></span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="ecxapple-style-span"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">508 353
7841</span></span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><br>
On Dec 23, 2013, at 6:36 PM, "Tom Miles" <<a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:tmiles@trmiles.com">tmiles@trmiles.com</a>>
wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<blockquote style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Ron,</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">I
didn’t mean anything quite so personal. :-/</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Most
of the biochar research has focused on pyrolitic
char and not on combustion or gasification char.
There is a clear bias toward pyrolysis, or low
temperature char. Can anyone really say this is
the way that the Amazonians, or anyone else,
created the charcoal that we find in the terra
preta soils? Or was it smoldering combustion,
staged combustion (a la Alex English), or a
combination of pyrolysis, gasification and
combustion? I know that I have had a lot of bad
slash and straw burns that have left a lot more
char on the ground than ash. Are there
“signatures” in the terra preta char that point
specifically to pyrolysis, gasification or
combustion? </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">I
see biochar production growing in stages. For
the time being a large quantity of char that is
sold as Biochar is actually char from
gasification. As biochar markets grow we might
expect to find more pyrolytic char made “for
purpose” but now we have some pyrolitic char and
byproducts of gasification (including TLUDs) and
combustion. </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">The
“high temperature” gasifier char performs very
well and in some applications better than
pyrolytic char. Several studies (and some
commercial producers) have found that
conditioning the char through partially
oxidation (to higher temperature) enhances
nutrient retention. These products are for
improving soil fertility , not necessarily to
replace activated carbon. So why not consider
CO2 gasification as a possible process step?
</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">One
major producer of char in California uses a
downdraft gasifier. In a downdraft gasifier wood
devolatilizes at or above the oxidation zone.
Volatile carbon is oxidized by the air injected
from nozzles to make CO2. The hot CO2 reacts
with the char to form CO and H2. This occurs in
the “reduction zone”. The reduction zone is
often shown as a deep bed of carbon but in fact
it is usually only a couple of inches thick.
Large chips reduce to powdered char in less than
2 inches where gas temperatures are 800-900C.
The resultant producer gas is a mixture of this
CO from reducing char and the devolatilized gas.
Taking CO2 and reacting it with charcoal at
800-900C as Purdue has done is not a lot
different so the qualities of the char should be
similar. </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">I
think we need to explore all avenues of
producing char and energy </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:-.25in"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">1.</span><span
style="font-size:7.0pt;color:#1F497D"> </span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Slow
pyrolysis – 25%-30% char; 30% oil+gas</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:-.25in"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">2.</span><span
style="font-size:7.0pt;color:#1F497D"> </span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Fast
pyrolysis – 15% char; 60% oil</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:-.25in"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">3.</span><span
style="font-size:7.0pt;color:#1F497D"> </span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Gasification
– 5%-25% char; 75%-95% energy</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:-.25in"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">4.</span><span
style="font-size:7.0pt;color:#1F497D"> </span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Combustion
– 1-5% char; 95% heat</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Tom</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><a moz-do-not-send="true"
name="_MailEndCompose"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"> </span></a><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style="border:none;border-top:solid
windowtext 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in
0in;border-color:currentColor currentColor">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">From:</span></b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">
<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:biochar@yahoogroups.com">biochar@yahoogroups.com</a>
[<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:biochar@yahoogroups.com">mailto:biochar@yahoogroups.com</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Ronal W. Larson<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Monday, December 23, 2013 2:53
PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Biochar; Tom Miles<br>
<b>Cc:</b> Crispin Pemberton-Pigott;
Gasification-Request<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [biochar] Pine char
gasification</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<div id="ecxygrp-mlmsg">
<div id="ecxygrp-msg">
<div id="ecxygrp-text">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Tom
etal:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">
1. I’m not sure I want to accept
the “philia” part of this message
(“philia” goes with “abnormal” and
pedophilia at one google site). I
found the word agape - but that sounds
presumptuous. But I do admit to being
at the non-sensical end of the char
spectrum. Maybe charphilia is apt.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">
2. I know close to zero about any
part of gasification, but I can
understand why one would promote the
idea of recycling the CO2 to get more
gas (eventually the Purdue group wants
liquid, it seems). But that has to
result in less char - and apparently
leaves much higher temperature char.
Eventually it is almost all CO2, for
gasification, but I worry that the
char produced this (high temperature)
way might only be suited to replace AC
= activated carbon.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">
3. Since Alex English name came up
today, we should note that he also
recycles CO2.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">
4. The dogma of the cult I am in says
more char beats more heat, gas or
liquid, so I will look forward to some
proof that is not correct. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""> Good
luck to the Purdue folk.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Ron<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">On
Dec 23, 2013, at 12:58 PM, Tom
Miles <<a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:tmiles@trmiles.com">tmiles@trmiles.com</a>>
wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div id="ecxygrp-mlmsg">
<div id="ecxygrp-msg">
<div id="ecxygrp-text">
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif""> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Ron,</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">This
work is very important for
both the biochar and
gasification lists.
Biochar will be produced
at the large, or even
small, scale as a
co-product of energy
(liquid fuels and/or
power). The most efficient
way to generate power from
the gases and vapors from
slow pyrolysis (50% of the
energy) is probably
through charcoal
gasification (e.g. run the
pyrolysis gases through a
charcoal gasifier). There
are commercial systems
under development to make
char and power in this
way. There are also
commercial systems under
development to make liquid
fuels through combinations
of pyrolysis and
gasification. The char
products from these and
fast pyrolysis processes
run from 0% to about 15%
of fuel input. I don’t
know the fuel or char
yield for Cool Planet.</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">This
particular study prepared
the char with high
temperature (826 C)
nitrogen. Wood particles
(chips, sawdust) and
resultant char particles
in this study are larger
than for other char
studies. Obs</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div id="ecxygrp-mlmsg">
<div id="ecxygrp-msg">
<div id="ecxygrp-text">
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">ervations
about BET surface area,
particle size and the char
morphology are very
interesting. The char
morphology looks different
than the SEM images that
we typically see. From
gasification and pyrolysis
we know that pine
carbonizes differently
than hardwood so it is
interesting to see the
shredded fibrous
appearance of the pine
char in this study
compared to the neat
geometric structures that
we often see, which is
probably from hardwood
chars. The authors observe
that the macropore volume
is significantly greater
than the mesopore or
micropore volume of the
char. They observe
“numerous wide tunnel
protruding into the char
particles. . . [that] may
provide pathways for bulk
transport of CO2 into the
particle.”</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Char
conversion numbers are
interesting. Only 10-12%
of the char was gasified
at 726 C (BET 391 m3/g)
while 98-100% was
converted at 896 C.
Surface area increased
with conversion but not
much greater than the
35-47% conversion at 776 C
so CO2 gasification could
be used to increase
surface area at the
expense of half of char
(660 m3/g). Meso and micro
pore volume doubles at the
higher rate but stays
pretty constant above 776
C. Researchers conclude
that a significant
proportion of the pore
volume is within macro
pores although the
majority of the internal
surface area is within
micro pores. They point
out that the mass loss
with surface gasification
occurs within the smaller
pores leading to pore
widening.</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Researchers
explain that the char
gasification process
involves three steps: (1)
adsorption of the
gas-phase species to the
char surface, (2) surface
reactions, and (3)
desorption of the
gasification products from
the surface. The latter is
the rate limiting process.</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Recycling
CO2 from gasification to
gasify the char is an
interesting concept that
may apply to modifying
char properties (e.g.
increase surface area)
from pyrolysis or
recovering energy (heat,
power, syngas) in an
industrial setting. </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">There
is very little information
about gasification or
combustion chars.
Sometimes it helps to step
back from our char-philia
(and gaso-phobia) to see
what products combined
pyrolysis and gasification
can produce. </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Tom</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<div id="ecxygrp-mlmsg">
<div id="ecxygrp-msg">
<div id="ecxygrp-text">
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">RL><span
class="ecxapple-converted-space"> </span></span></b><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">don’t
see any relevance
to the biochar
list. (Except if
this work shows
that char is more
valuable in the
ground and/or that
an approach like
Cool Planet’s is
more efficient.)
On the biochar
list, we should
want BOTH high
value fuels and
charcoal. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""> This
Purdue work is all
about gasification
of char - not
pyrolysis. I am
not sure whether
the topic is
appropriate for
“gasification”
either, since that
list seems to want
gases for engines,
not liquids.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<pre wrap="">_______________________________________________
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for more Gasifiers, News and Information see our web site:
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