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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Hi Thomas,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">As a native Dane living abroad, allow me to respond.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">I worked for SDK for about 3.5 years, so although I am no engineer (please be gentle with me!) I am an economist with at least a working knowledge of how the Stirling engine/gasification/combined heat and power
systems function. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Based on other projects I have worked on (before and after SDK), the numbers on the PV system and onshore wind from the Danish energy agency are not that far off, although naturally they are generalized and therefore
do not take into account site specifics like availability of qualified support staff to service the products.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">I have followed all the articles on Stirling on ing.dk, and read most of your commentary about our company.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">We had 3 plants in Denmark, 2 in Germany, 1 in Italy, 2 in the UK and two engines in Japan.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">3 of these were 4-engine plants. All of them were either combined heat and power or combined cooling, heat and power; I believe general practice when calculating LCOE’s is to take the value of heating and cooling
(or biochar) into account.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">All of them were first-of-a-kind commercial plants, each with a different configuration to test what would work best.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Cheers from London,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Tanja<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif""> Gasification [mailto:gasification-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Thomas Koch<br>
<b>Sent:</b> 18 September 2014 13:31<br>
<b>To:</b> Discussion of biomass pyrolysis and gasification<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Gasification] Cost and Performance of Small Scale Gasifiers<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="DA" style="color:#1F497D">Hi Tanja <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="DA" style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#1F497D">As a native dane i would like to qualify your data a bit.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#1F497D">Concerning Stirling – look here – run it through Google translate – it is no where near exaggerated!!
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#1F497D"><a href="http://ing.dk/artikel/stirling-dk-om-vaekstfonden-solgte-et-ufaerdigt-produkt-158574">http://ing.dk/artikel/stirling-dk-om-vaekstfonden-solgte-et-ufaerdigt-produkt-158574</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#1F497D">Concerning operation hours – Stirling had 12000 hours in total with 6 plants assuming average 30 kw = 360000 kWh produced – there was a total investment of approx. 200 mio DKK ~ 25 mio € = 70 € pr
KWh <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#1F497D">Concerning your databases from DEA (ens) – they are political values and their connection to realities are hard to find.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#1F497D">Best regards<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#1F497D">Thomas Koch <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="DA" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">Fra:</span></b><span lang="DA" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif""> Gasification [<a href="mailto:gasification-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org">mailto:gasification-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>]
<b>På vegne af </b>Tanja Groth<br>
<b>Sendt:</b> 18. september 2014 13:32<br>
<b>Til:</b> Discussion of biomass pyrolysis and gasification<br>
<b>Emne:</b> Re: [Gasification] Cost and Performance of Small Scale Gasifiers<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="DA"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Hi all,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Back when Stirling.DK was still running, I did the following comparison of one of our gasification CHP systems against a selection of other RE and natural gas technologies, as seen below;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><img border="0" width="943" height="381" id="Picture_x0020_1" src="cid:image001.png@01CFD34A.7FD3EEB0"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">These were based on 2012 technical data (for our 200kW gasifier with a 35 kWe Stirling engine, we managed 60% availability a gross electricity efficiency of 15%, before we were forced to throw in the towel).
The case was based on Denmark, with applicable subsidies for all the RE technologies, but no taxes on the natural gas (so an indirect subsidy for them as well).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Most of the data used is freely available;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Techno-economic data per plant here:</span>
<span style="color:#1F497D"><a href="http://www.ens.dk/en/info/facts-figures/scenarios-analyses-models/technology-data">http://www.ens.dk/en/info/facts-figures/scenarios-analyses-models/technology-data</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Fuel costs here: <a href="http://www.ens.dk/en/info/facts-figures/scenarios-analyses-models/socio-economic-method-analyses">
http://www.ens.dk/en/info/facts-figures/scenarios-analyses-models/socio-economic-method-analyses</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Cheers,<br>
Tanja Groth<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><a href="mailto:tgroth@londoneconomics.co.uk">tgroth@londoneconomics.co.uk</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif""> Gasification [<a href="mailto:gasification-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org">mailto:gasification-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Thomas Koch<br>
<b>Sent:</b> 17 September 2014 22:21<br>
<b>To:</b> Discussion of biomass pyrolysis and gasification<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Gasification] Cost and Performance of Small Scale Gasifiers<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="DA" style="color:#1F497D">Dear Tom <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="DA" style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#1F497D">TK energi delivered a 50 KW biomass gasifier to a holiday hotel. It operated approx. 14000 hours in 5 years. The total cost of the electricity produced was in the order of 1,2-1,5 dollars pr. KWh
which was approx. 20-30 times higher than the market price.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#1F497D">20 years ago a Martezo gasifier was inatalled in western Denmark. The real figures are not all that easy to get but the rumors told that the electrity price was in the order of 10 dollars pr. KWh.
One of the reasons for the very high is that the gasifier only operated for less than 1000 hours before it was scrapped.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#1F497D">At conference concerning small scale biomass gasification a young economist presented a study about how much investment support was needed for the Vølund 2 MWel updraft gasifier (that as far as I
am aware is the best working small scale gasifier in the world!) . The study concluded that the gasifier needed 146 % of CAPEX in investment support?? Yes the project had to start with money in the bank to cover the losses.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#1F497D">Best regards<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#1F497D">Thomas Koch <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#1F497D"><a href="mailto:tk@tke.dk">tk@tke.dk</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#1F497D">phone + 45 22611047
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">Fra:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif""> Gasification [<a href="mailto:gasification-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org">mailto:gasification-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>]
<b>På vegne af </b>Tom Miles<br>
<b>Sendt:</b> 17. </span><span lang="DA" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">september 2014 22:58<br>
<b>Til:</b> 'Discussion of biomass pyrolysis and gasification'<br>
<b>Emne:</b> [Gasification] Cost and Performance of Small Scale Gasifiers<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="DA"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Has anyone done a recent analysis of the cost and performance of small scale (<100 kWe, <200 kWe) gasifiers? We have seen several gasifiers on the market in the last several years but it is not clear how long they actually
operate during the year (hours/year), how much heat or power (kWh/yr) they produce, what their average load factor is (40% of nameplate?), or what it actually costs or own and operate them.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Do we have any data for Borealis/Spanner Re2, Superior Gasification, All Power Labs, Ankur Scientific, Victory Gasworks, CarboConsult, Biosynergi, Community Power Corporation, Thompson Spaven, Planet Green, BETEL (India),
3i Energy Systems, Husk Power, Arbor Electrogen, Volter?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">What about the next scale of >200kWe<2000kWe? Cogebio, Xylowatt, Biogen, Advanced Gasification Technologies, Evergreen Energy, Guascor, Milena, Proton Power, PRMEnergy, Primenergy, Zeropoint Cleantech. Mothermik, Dall
Energy, Babcock Volund, Biomass Engineering, BETEL (India), Diversified Renewable Technology, Synkraft,Xylogas, CleanSTGas, Gussing Renewable Energy,Weiss, Agnion, MEVA, Xylopower, Pyrofoce<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">How many of these systems can document 2,000, 4,000, or 8,000 hours total or per year? What is a typical capacity factor for these systems. Are any of them run in commercial conditions?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Thanks<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Tom<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">T R Miles Technical Consultants Inc.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><a href="mailto:tmiles@trmiles.com">tmiles@trmiles.com</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.trmiles.com">www.trmiles.com</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.gasifiers.bioenergylists.org">www.gasifiers.bioenergylists.org</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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