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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-CA link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>Hi Mark and Tom:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>Just to weigh in on this one…..it may be slightly different than it seems when it comes to MC.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>Besides doing foolish things in relation to pyrolysis/gasification I also own a small abattoir. The actual water content of animals is roughly 65%, about the same as one of our cottonwood trees, but is susceptible to wide variation. Lean animals with a lot of muscle could be above 70% and very fat animals (obese) below 50%.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>Offal that would go to a digester or a pyrolysis system would be mainly stomach contents, this usually contains considerable fat and less muscle tissue which lowers MC but a lot of water is used in the wash down processes in abattoirs so things are wet. A moister content between 60 and 70 percent can be expected in the offal. I have done small amounts of offal in my pyrolysis system as a test, in this case it was mixed with about 50% by volume sawdust, briquetted and dried before entering the system. Using this process it appeared to make good char and worked fine.<i><o:p></o:p></i></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>In green SPF we expect between 45-55% MC depending on season, cottonwood 55-70%, of course if you attempt to air dry your wood your neighbours may not complain, it you attempt the same thing with a pile of offal you may get some pushback…..just saying</span><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>J</span><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>Phil<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>From:</span></b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> Gasification [mailto:gasification-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Tom Miles<br><b>Sent:</b> October 25, 2015 8:05 PM<br><b>To:</b> mark@ludlow.com; 'Discussion of biomass pyrolysis and gasification' <gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org><br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [Gasification] Abattoir's pyrolysis plant bucks methane power-making trend<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>Mark,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>Shame on you for doing the math. It was probably pitched as a least cost disposal option with the added benefit of power generation. Nutrient management, heat and material balances, or life cycle costs may not have been considered. We’ll have to get Joel Arcus of BioWaste Technologies into the conversation. With the instability of power generation in South Africa you would think that gasifiers could compete. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>Just to throw a “spanner” into the works have a look at a recent Spanner gasifier installation in the UK. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><a href="http://www.holz-kraft.de/images/Blog/FW_article_Nick_Helme.pdf">http://www.holz-kraft.de/images/Blog/FW_article_Nick_Helme.pdf</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>£500,000 (USD $767,000) for 90 kWe and 216 KWth. $8,500/kWe. With the right fuel these gasifiers have a very high availability of 7,000-8,000 hours per year. In Germany they have sold 400+ as heating devices for farms. Since the German utilities pay something like $0.28/kWh it helps pay off the investment. We can’t justify the in North America. In the UK, as the article points out, the customer is the government. You need the Renewable Heat Incentive (RHI) and the Renewable Obligation Certificates (ROC) to justify the investment. So when it comes to gasifiers the UK ROCS! At least this year. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>It would be nice to see gasifiers pay their own way with real revenues but fossil fuels keep a lid on that opportunity. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>Tom <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><a name="_MailEndCompose"></a><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>From:</span></b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> Gasification [<a href="mailto:gasification-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org">mailto:gasification-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Mark Elliott Ludlow<br><b>Sent:</b> Sunday, October 25, 2015 6:39 PM<br><b>To:</b> 'Discussion of biomass pyrolysis and gasification' <<a href="mailto:gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org">gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>><br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [Gasification] Abattoir's pyrolysis plant bucks methane power-making trend<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>This is surely over-hyped, Tom. Eleven-tonnes of waste (which is likely 85%, or more, water) implies that over 9,000 kgm of water will need to be evaporated each day just to end up with a couple of metric tons of pyrolyzable waste. This is beyond ludicrous! Why not simply enzymatically digest the offal, pasteurize it, and overland apply it as a soil amendment? HAS to be some govmint money pushing ridiculous projects like this one!<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>Mark<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>From:</span></b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> Gasification [<a href="mailto:gasification-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org">mailto:gasification-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Tom Miles<br><b>Sent:</b> Sunday, October 25, 2015 5:01 PM<br><b>To:</b> 'Discussion of biomass pyrolysis and gasification' <<a href="mailto:gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org">gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>><br><b>Subject:</b> [Gasification] Abattoir's pyrolysis plant bucks methane power-making trend<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>An alternative to anaerobic digestion for abbattoir waste in South Africa <o:p></o:p></span></p><p><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Abattoir’s pyrolysis plant bucks methane power-making trend</span><span lang=EN-US> <br></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> </span><span lang=EN-US> <br></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Read the article now. <a href="http://www.bdlive.co.za/business/innovation/2015/10/13/abattoirs-pyrolysis-plant-bucks-methane-power-making-trend">http://www.bdlive.co.za/business/innovation/2015/10/13/abattoirs-pyrolysis-plant-bucks-methane-power-making-trend</a></span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>BioWaste Technologies, Gauteng, South Africa, Joel Arcus <o:p></o:p></span></p><p><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'><a href="http://www.biowastetech.co.za/">http://www.biowastetech.co.za/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p><span lang=EN-US><br></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>BDlive is a premium digital news publication focusing on the South African economy, business and politics, updated all day long by a newsroom of expert journalists.</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Read more (link to <a href="http://www.bdlive.co.za">http://www.bdlive.co.za</a>)</span><span lang=EN-US> <br></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Subscribe now (link to <a href="http://www.bdlive.co.za/subscribe">http://www.bdlive.co.za/subscribe</a>)</span><span lang=EN-US> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div></body></html>