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<div> <font class="Apple-style-span" color="#000000" face="arial"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Tom and listers,<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span></span></font></div>
<div><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#000000" face="arial"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"></span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>GC's are limited in their ability to detect broad ranging components. A GC set up for fixed gases usually can't detect compounds like ethanol, methanol, acetic acid which are all present in gasifier produced gases unless specifically removed and acetic or other organic acids will contribute to engine oil acidification and corrosion over time. </span></font></div>
<div><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#000000" face="arial"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>There are system that can provide instantaneous broad ranged gas analysis going from hydrogen to whatever you want in MW. </span></font></div>
<div><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#000000" face="arial"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>The other question is to gas heating value for combustible components to adjust the engine air/fuel ratio as it may change, such as change in moisture content in feedstock, ambient humidity, composition of feedstock or to increase the range of acceptable feedstock for improved economic performance. There is such a device which is surprisingly inexpensive and effective with any combustible component being analyzed instantaneously, which a GC cannot do. </span></font></div>
<div><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#000000" face="arial"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span></span></font></div>
<div style="font-family:arial;color:black;font-size:10pt;clear:both;"><font class="Apple-style-span" face="arial">Sincerely,</font><br>
<div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="'Comic Sans MS', sans-serif">Leland T. "Tom" Taylor</font></div>
<div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Thermogenics Inc. </font></div>
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-----Original Message-----<br>
From: Peter Davies <idgasifier@gmail.com><br>
To: gasification <gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org><br>
Sent: Mon, Jan 4, 2016 7:30 pm<br>
Subject: Re: [Gasification] Characterization of waste water from biomass gasification equipment: A case-study from Cambodia<br>
<br>
<div id="AOLMsgPart_2_3d1eb253-45e4-4e61-a9f3-bde1d17fe874">
<div class="aolReplacedBody" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000"> Dear Tom,<br>
<br>
The end of 2015 has been very busy for us, and the start of 2016 looks even busier. Essentially we have successfully proven our gasifier systems with high ash, pelleted ag-residues in a high temperature, low tar gasifier scenario with simple dry scrubbing. Even when slightly over aspirated with some residual oxygen coming through the tars were limited to low viscosity condensates (and very little of these), though the gas quality varied slightly with the appearance of some C2-C8 hydrocarbons (nothing higher though, within detectable limits of the GC system used by the lab). We also now have one of the leading European CHP providers sign off on our gas quality for use in their IC engine systems, so expect to be able to supply complete turnkey plants shortly which have a global support network.<br>
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Yes it does require a pelleting step at this stage, but we are working with a couple of pellet equipment manufacturers for a lower cost, gasifier optimised pellet which will be substantially cheaper and lower maintenance than conventional wood pellet plants used for the combustion industry. Accompanying innovative financing for village scale densification systems is also now well advanced.<br>
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So we don't agree that water scrubbing is either necessary or where gasifiers will be in the future. However if you only have old gasifier tech to work with then you can try torrefied sawdust filters to recirculate your scrubber water through, our early testing found these very effective till we fixed the hearth core in the gasifier design so they were not needed.<br>
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New Years Cheers,<br>
Peter<br>
ID Gasifiers Pty Ltd<br>
Australia.<br>
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<br>
<div class="aolmail_moz-cite-prefix">On 5/01/2016 2:31 AM, Tom Miles wrote:<br>
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<div class="aolmail_MsoNormal">Since 2005 hundreds of small scale gasifiers have been installed in Myanmar, Cambodia and other South East Asian countries to offset high cost diesel to generate shaft and electric power in rice mills and palm factories. They are often in the 100+kW scale. Initially they were dual fueled with diesel but increasingly they are 100% producer gas. Ankur Scientific introduced a dry cleaning system in 2009 but in most cases the gasifiers use water scrubbers and the waste water and sludge is discharged into ponds without remediation. Simon Shackley and others have published a thorough characterization of waster waters from several gasifiers. </div>
<div class="aolmail_MsoNormal"> </div>
<div class="aolmail_MsoNormal">Crop residues are best gasified at low temperatures. Low temperatures generate tars. Scrubbers are the lowest cost cleaning technique. Water strips toxic chemicals from the gas which become carried into the environment with water and sludge. Gasifier char is very useful. Sludge and black water are dangerous. </div>
<div class="aolmail_MsoNormal"> </div>
<div class="aolmail_MsoNormal">The remediation of gasifier wastewater is a challenge for us. As we look forward to installing small scale gasifiers around the world we need to solve this problem . What are your solutions for filtering and remediating gasifier scrubber water? One solution might be running continuous blowdown though a vegetated biological filter where the biochar is used as part of the media. What have you tried?</div>
<div class="aolmail_MsoNormal"> </div>
<div class="aolmail_MsoNormal">Tom</div>
<div class="aolmail_MsoNormal"> </div>
<div class="aolmail_MsoNormal">T R Miles Technical Consultants Inc</div>
<div class="aolmail_MsoNormal">Portland, OR 97225</div>
<div class="aolmail_MsoNormal"><a href="mailto:tmiles@trmiles.com">tmiles@trmiles.com</a></div>
<div class="aolmail_MsoNormal"><a target="_blank" href="http://www.trmiles.com">www.trmiles.com</a></div>
<div class="aolmail_MsoNormal"> </div>
<div class="aolmail_MsoNormal">Characterisation of waste water from biomass gasification equipment: A case-study from Cambodia</div>
<div class="aolmail_MsoNormal">Article in World Review of Science Technology and Sustainable Development 12(2):126-151 · December 2015</div>
<div class="aolmail_MsoNormal">DOI: 10.1504/WRSTSD.2015.073829</div>
<div class="aolmail_MsoNormal"> </div>
<div class="aolmail_MsoNormal">Abstract</div>
<div class="aolmail_MsoNormal">The gasification of rice husks for small-scale power generation in rice mills and other small factories in Cambodia has spread rapidly in the past decade and has a favourable investment payback period where the facility is off-grid. The technology is widely regarded as a sustainable, low-carbon power option. However, installed gasification technologies produce a black waste water which is frequently disposed of into the local environment without any treatment. An analysis was undertaken to identify and measure the key potential contaminants and compare concentrations in the water and sediment with regulatory thresholds established in Cambodia and within other jurisdictions. It was found that concentrations of organic contaminants such as phenols and benzene-type molecules (BETX) (water and sediment) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (sediment), as well as macro water quality indicators, were far higher than regulatory thresholds prescribe, posing threats to sensitive aquatic ecosystems into which such waste is introduced.</div>
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<pre class="aolmail_moz-signature" cols="72">-- Peter Davies Managing Director ID Gasifiers Pty Ltd Delegate River, Victoria Australia Ph: 0402 845 295</pre> </div>
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