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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=ES link="#0563C1" vlink="#954F72"><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='color:#1F497D'>Dear Tom and gasification colleagues.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='color:#1F497D'>I do hope all of you enjoy a fruitful and healthy 2016.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='color:#1F497D'>The issue you’ve highlighted regarding remediation of gasifier wastewater, has been a very important concern to us. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='color:#1F497D'>We do know Ankur dry cleaning system, however we consider that it is mainly suitable for medium to large scale system.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='color:#1F497D'>We had a modest experience with a 50 KWe gasification system developed by the Indian Institute of Science based in Bangalore.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='color:#1F497D'>This system, which also use scrubber for producer gas cleaning, has a settler. This settler, with the help of certain additive (coagulants), help in settling some kind of sludge in a tank.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='color:#1F497D'>Clear water from the mentioned settler, returns to the scrubber while rather small amount of sludge is disposed of. On the other hand small amount of water is bled-off from the scrubber system and certain amount or fresh water is fed in as make-up.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='color:#1F497D'>We do not have data to offer. I would only dare to tell you to get a deeper insight of the Bangalore’s system, in case you hadn’t yet. Perhaps it might help.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>Kindest regards.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>Oscar.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>De:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> Gasification [mailto:gasification-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org] <b>En nombre de </b>Tom Miles<br><b>Enviado el:</b> lunes, 04 de enero de 2016 10:31<br><b>Para:</b> gasifiers@bioenergylists.org; biochar@yahoogroups.com<br><b>Asunto:</b> [Gasification] Characterization of waste water from biomass gasification equipment: A case-study from Cambodia<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>Since 2005 hundreds of small scale gasifiers have been installed in Myanmar, Cambodia and other South East Asian countries to offset high cost diesel to generate shaft and electric power in rice mills and palm factories. They are often in the 100+kW scale. Initially they were dual fueled with diesel but increasingly they are 100% producer gas. Ankur Scientific introduced a dry cleaning system in 2009 but in most cases the gasifiers use water scrubbers and the waste water and sludge is discharged into ponds without remediation. Simon Shackley and others have published a thorough characterization of waster waters from several gasifiers. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>Crop residues are best gasified at low temperatures. Low temperatures generate tars. Scrubbers are the lowest cost cleaning technique. Water strips toxic chemicals from the gas which become carried into the environment with water and sludge. Gasifier char is very useful. Sludge and black water are dangerous. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>The remediation of gasifier wastewater is a challenge for us. As we look forward to installing small scale gasifiers around the world we need to solve this problem . What are your solutions for filtering and remediating gasifier scrubber water? One solution might be running continuous blowdown though a vegetated biological filter where the biochar is used as part of the media. What have you tried?<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>Tom<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>T R Miles Technical Consultants Inc<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>Portland, OR 97225<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><a href="mailto:tmiles@trmiles.com">tmiles@trmiles.com</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><a href="http://www.trmiles.com">www.trmiles.com</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>Characterisation of waste water from biomass gasification equipment: A case-study from Cambodia<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>Article in World Review of Science Technology and Sustainable Development 12(2):126-151 · December 2015<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>DOI: 10.1504/WRSTSD.2015.073829<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>Abstract<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>The gasification of rice husks for small-scale power generation in rice mills and other small factories in Cambodia has spread rapidly in the past decade and has a favourable investment payback period where the facility is off-grid. The technology is widely regarded as a sustainable, low-carbon power option. However, installed gasification technologies produce a black waste water which is frequently disposed of into the local environment without any treatment. An analysis was undertaken to identify and measure the key potential contaminants and compare concentrations in the water and sediment with regulatory thresholds established in Cambodia and within other jurisdictions. It was found that concentrations of organic contaminants such as phenols and benzene-type molecules (BETX) (water and sediment) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (sediment), as well as macro water quality indicators, were far higher than regulatory thresholds prescribe, posing threats to sensitive aquatic ecosystems into which such waste is introduced.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><br><IMG SRC="http://correo.cubaenergia.cu/firma_correo.png">
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