[Stoves] Calculation help
Frank Shields
frank at compostlab.com
Wed Dec 28 18:48:28 CST 2011
Thanks for adding this to the server as I had planned. Not sure what happened but I see I did use the word 'compost' a few times when I meant 'biomass'. Guess I should have had that second cup of java.
-----Original Message-----
From: stoves-bounces at lists.bioenergylists.org [mailto:stoves-bounces at lists.bioenergylists.org] On Behalf Of ajheggie at gmail.com
Sent: Wednesday, December 28, 2011 2:54 PM
To: Discussion of biomass cooking stoves
Subject: [Stoves] Calculation help
Hi all please find below a post from Frank Shields that didn't propagate to the list for some reason. My uneducated way of addressing this would be to consider what would the outcome be with a fossil fuel with negligible water. So I would calculated on the oven dry mass and then subtract the latent heat of the water from the hydrogen in the fuel at the temperature it was discarded as vapour. This would give the LHV of the oven dry sample. I tend to look on un chemically bound water a bit like salts of hydration and would then deduct their latent heat from the LHV to give me the actual available heat.
Mind I'm not looking at losses to the 4th decimal place so I think in approximations and genrally use a figure of -2.7MJ for water discarded up the flue.
I'm open to argument for a more precise approach.
Also there is a potential ambiguity if we don't specify the basis on which our moisture content is calculated, for this purpose I feel it should be on the gross wet weight of the sample.
AJH
********************
Dear Stovers,
A few questions and checks on some calculations if you don't mind.
1) Should the HHV value be reported as if the biomass is 100 grams of oven dried material or reported on the dry fraction of a 100 g sample received?
2) Having an analysis: Dry wt.
Percent dry wt.
N = 1.5
C = 42.0
H = 6.2
S = 0.03
Ash = 1.6
Water in receiving sample
Water = 17.6%
The HHV = 20.37 based on the dry sample and 16.79 based on the weight of an as-Received sample and the formula I am using.
Now questions about determining the LHV:
17.6 g water per 100 grams wet compost or 0.176 g water per gram wet compost.
It takes 0.0552 kj to take the temperature from 25c to 100c
It takes 0.3964 kj to 100c water to 100c vapor
It takes 0.0907 kj to 100c vapor to 400c vapor
Total = 0.5423 kj lost from the water moisture
Then we have the water produced from the hydrogen in the biomass.
If we start with 6.2 % hydrogen and find the char has retained 2.2 so 4.0% hydrogen has converted to water vapor.
That is 0.04 g hydrogen per gram biomass
That is 0.18 g water vapor starting at 450c per gram biomass
Total 0.5901 kj energy lost in the vapor at 450c
The HHV = 20.37 kj/g on a dry sample
The HHV = 16.79 kj/g on the dry fraction of an as-received biomass sample
The LLV = 16.79-(0.5423 + 0.5901) =15.66 kj/g as-Received biomass
Thanks
Frank
Frank Shields
42 Hangar Way
Watsonville, CA 95076
(831) 724-5244 tel
(831) 724-3188 fax
frank at bioCharlab.com
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