[Stoves] Stoves Digest, Vol 25, Issue 43
Inversiones Falcon
invfalcones53 at yahoo.com
Wed Oct 3 16:09:05 CDT 2012
Can I have a video, I have something similar we can share diagrams.
Gustavo
Advisor for
Stove Team International
http://www.stoveteam.org/
Tel. (503) 2452-9605
________________________________
From: Art Donnelly <art.donnelly at seachar.org>
To: stoves at lists.bioenergylists.org
Sent: Sunday, September 30, 2012 7:53 PM
Subject: Re: [Stoves] Stoves Digest, Vol 25, Issue 43
Greetings from Costa Rica,
We are now selling a 55-gallon drum J-RO style TLUD to farmers down here in the Talamanca, the 1st wave are now 4 months old and still holding up. Our price is $100 USD. (w/o transportation) Although the one picture( attached) shows us processing hay on a farm near Seattle, most of what farmers are charring in our area of C.R. is pruned branches from the cacao fincas. Our Estufa Finca stoves and our drums are really designed to accommodate irregular woody waste, bamboo, coconut shells and husks, etc... This is all natural draft. Our run temp. in both devices average between 650-800c. Run time with tightly loaded woody waste is approx. 2.5-3 hours.
We will soon be installing a prototype TLUD heat exchanger. It will supply the hot water for a hydronic cacao bean drying system. Parts are shipping from Seattle. I hope to be installing this within the month. Pictures to follow. Thanks to John Rogers, Dr.TLUD, Hugh McLaughlin and Doug Clayton for all the inspiration and advice.
ciao,
Art Donnelly
On Sun, Sep 30, 2012 at 1:00 PM, <stoves-request at lists.bioenergylists.org> wrote:
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>Today's Topics:
>
> 1. Pellet machines was Re: Fabricated Burn Barrel TLUDS
> (Paul Anderson)
> 2. Re: Fabricated Burn Barrel TLUDS (Paul Anderson)
> 3. Fabricated Burn Barrel TLUDS (Doug Brethower)
> 4. Re: Fabricated Burn Barrel TLUDS (Tom Miles)
> 5. Re: Fabricated Burn Barrel TLUDS (Carefreeland at aol.com)
>
>
>----------------------------------------------------------------------
>
>Message: 1
>Date: Sun, 30 Sep 2012 08:55:14 -0500
>From: Paul Anderson <psanders at ilstu.edu>
>To: Discussion of biomass cooking stoves
> <stoves at lists.bioenergylists.org>
>Subject: [Stoves] Pellet machines was Re: Fabricated Burn Barrel TLUDS
>Message-ID: <50684F42.4060008 at ilstu.edu>
>Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"; Format="flowed"
>
>Rolf,
>
>Yes, we would like to know the prices. This Listserv is not for
>commercial purposes, but you can certainly inform us of the prices here
>because so many people want to know. And not all want the USA
>prices. Basic price where manufactured. And I want to know about
>getting units in eastern Africa (specifically Uganda).
>
>Question: Wouldn't it make more sense to have the
>chopping/shreading/grinding to be done separately from the machine that
>does the pelletizing? That would allow the user to make appropriate
>mixtures for the pellets.
>
>So I ask: Can you make and sell the pelletizer unit separately?
>Prices please.
>
>I like the ability to have different diameters of pellets!!!
>
>Finally, where can we see independent reviewer comments about your
>machines? And comparative info with other pelletizers?
>
>As we (generic we because there are several efforts) advance with TLUD
>stoves in eastern Africa, there could be considerable market for
>appropriately priced and reliable pelletizing equipment. Small units are
>fine. Labor costs are so low, so it is vastly different from the USA
>and Europe situations. Do you have any representation in Africa?
>
>Paul
>
>Paul S. Anderson, PhD aka "Dr TLUD"
>Email: psanders at ilstu.edu Skype: paultlud Phone: +1-309-452-7072
>Website: http://www.drtlud.com/
>
>On 9/30/2012 4:35 AM, Energies Naturals C.B. wrote:
>> Hallo Paul, Ron and others,
>>
>> uniformizing low density fuels and uneven size fuels has always been a
>> problem.
>> I found a good solution in the Ecoworxx all-in one pelletizer.
>> This is a unique device which has a big hopper on top and a rasping
>> drum underneath it.
>> It will reduce virtually any feedstock less than 12 cm diam to
>> particles between 1 and 6 mm.
>> These fall into a mixing chamber below where the moisture content is
>> measured and -if too dry- water is added by an automatic pump.
>> A second moisture sensor at the entrance to the dosifying screw
>> regulates the addition of water.
>> The ground biomass is fed into the flat die press underneath and
>> leaves it as prime grade pellets.
>> You can change the die in 10 minutes and have the choice to produce 6
>> -8 -12- 16 -20 -and 25 mm pellets on the same machine!
>> It doesn?t come from China, though because despite the price
>> advantage, all the units I saw never met the quality standard for
>> trouble free use. And you cannot move away from them because they have
>> to be fed continuously.
>> Our machine is entirely designed and manufactured in Germany, meets
>> the CE requirements and really works!
>>
>> If you are interested, come to the Expobioenergia fair in
>> Valladolid/Spain on 23-25.Oct. this year where we shall expose two
>> working units.
>>
>> We just pelletized whole canes of Arundo Donax in one go into
>> wonderfull hard 6 mm fuel pellets!
>>
>> Many more samples have been tested successfully. We would be happy to
>> test yours!
>>
>> No time to visit the fair?
>> Check http://www.ecoworxx.de/ and if you call or write in my name they will
>> know your problem !
>>
>> Rolf Uhle
>>
>> Energies Naturals C.B.
>>
>> (sober again, Ron?)
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> Am 30.09.2012 05:39, schrieb Paul Olivier:
>>> Ron,
>>>
>>> You bring up a very good point here. If the biomass is uniform,
>>> granular and dry, it becomes very easy to process in a TLUD. That is
>>> why it is so appealing to work with biomass that is already uniform,
>>> granular and dry, such as rice hulls and coffee husks.
>>>
>>> But if we have biomass that is not uniform, granular and dry (such as
>>> straw, pine needles or sawdust), then we might think about drying and
>>> pelletizing it. In this way we have a top-quality gasifier fuel. This
>>> allows us to take full advantage of both the biochar and gas. In the
>>> case of rice hulls and coffee husks, the gas has a much greater
>>> commercial value than the biochar. In making biochar it is such a
>>> pity to waste the gas.
>>>
>>> Also when we pelletize biomass, the bulk density can reach as high as
>>> 600 kgs/m3. This means that if we use a gasifier for purposes of
>>> household cooking, the height of the reactor has to be only a
>>> fraction of the height of a reactor utilizing undensified biomass
>>> such as rice hulls (of a bulk density of less than 100 kgs/m3). If we
>>> do not change the height of the reactor, then cooking times per batch
>>> can last three or four hours. When we have thousands of households
>>> and small business using gasifiers, then we do not have to think
>>> about making biochar as an independent activity.
>>>
>>> I really like small pellets of a diameter of about 6 mm. Of course
>>> there is the cost of buying a pellet machine. But they are quite
>>> cheap out of China. And there is the cost of electricity or fuel to
>>> make the pellets. But this cost is easily offset by the value of the
>>> syngas produced. Even in a poor country such as Vietnam, it is easy
>>> to buy pellets in local markets.
>>>
>>> Thanks.
>>> Paul
>>>
>>> On Sun, Sep 30, 2012 at 9:48 AM, Ronald Hongsermeier
>>> <rwhongser at web.de <mailto:rwhongser at web.de>> wrote:
>>>
>>> Dear Alex,
>>>
>>> I haven't carefully read the whole thread but haven't seen
>>> granularity of fuel addressed. Isn't that what makes a lot of
>>> difference in the flame/gas quality ( along with the moisture
>>> content, of course ) and determines the necessity of either using
>>> or not using forced air? Regarding Dr. Karve's drums I'm
>>> wondering how careful everyone is in emphasizing fuel moisture
>>> and particularity/uniformity issues in using these tools.
>>>
>>> I think my first sentence above applies to both DD (Imberts or
>>> others) and TLUD's.
>>>
>>> regards,
>>> Ronald von der Oktoberfestn?he
>>>
>>> (mein heutiger Name wird nur dann getragen bei einer
>>> Bierleichensichtungsrate von > 1 / Tag ;-) )
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> On 29.09.2012 20:55, Alex English wrote:
>>>>
>>>> Tom,
>>>> I guess it may depend on what you consider a clean burn. My
>>>> experiments focused the gases through a smaller out let pipe and
>>>> then added the secondary air. So for a two foot diameter drum
>>>> the pipe was three inches in diameter. Air was introduced near
>>>> the top having only half that distance to penetrate, and
>>>> combustion occurred in a six inch diameter chimney , six feet
>>>> tall above.
>>>>
>>>> Combustion was measurably good to very good nineteen times out
>>>> of twenty.
>>>>
>>>> So, what indeed is the limit?
>>>> Alex
>>>>
>>>> On 2012-09-29 11:47 AM, "Tom Miles" <tmiles at trmiles.com
>>>> <mailto:tmiles at trmiles.com>> wrote:
>>>>
>>>> AD, Paul, Kobus and others. Many thanks for the suggestions.
>>>>
>>>> What is the largest practical size (kg fuel/hr, kW) for a
>>>> single TLUD with a clean stack for heat recovery? There must
>>>> be a limit to the air penetration to get a clean gas burn
>>>> form a natural draft stack or even a fan driven TLUD.
>>>>
>>>> Tom
>>>>
>>>> *From:*stoves-bounces at lists.bioenergylists.org
>>>> <mailto:stoves-bounces at lists.bioenergylists.org>
>>>> [mailto:stoves-bounces at lists.bioenergylists.org
>>>> <mailto:stoves-bounces at lists.bioenergylists.org>] *On Behalf
>>>> Of *Anand Karve
>>>> *Sent:* Friday, September 28, 2012 11:22 PM
>>>> *To:* Discussion of biomass cooking stoves
>>>> *Subject:* Re: [Stoves] Fabricated Burn Barrel TLUDS
>>>>
>>>> Dear Tom,
>>>>
>>>> we regularly supply charring kilns made out of used 55
>>>> gallon drums. The kilns are based on the TLUD principle. The
>>>> cost of a kiln plus an extra barrel for storing the char, is
>>>> about US$100. We have sold more than 100 such kilns in India
>>>> and have also trained a number of persons from India
>>>> and Africa. These kilns are so easy to manufacture, that we
>>>> ask the trainees to photograph and take measurements of our
>>>> kiln so that they can copy the design. In many instances,
>>>> people buy a kiln from us, because they feel that their
>>>> local fabricator would be better able to copy the design
>>>> from an actual object than from a blue print or a photograph.
>>>>
>>>> The advantage of using 55 gallon drums is that used drums
>>>> are available at a relatively low cost, and the kilns are
>>>> portable. Instead of transporting the biomass, one
>>>> transports the kiln to the location where the biomass is
>>>> available, and brings back only the charred material, which
>>>> weighs only a third as much as the biomass.
>>>>
>>>> Yours
>>>>
>>>> A.D.Karve
>>>>
>>>> On Fri, Sep 28, 2012 at 11:42 PM, Tom Miles
>>>> <tmiles at trmiles.com <mailto:tmiles at trmiles.com>> wrote:
>>>>
>>>> Am often asked if there is a burn barrel sized TLUD that is
>>>> commercially fabricated. We've seen some great DIY with
>>>> Doug's Jolly Roger and others. Is anyone fabricating a 55
>>>> gal drum sized TLUD that can be used for regular biochar
>>>> production? If so, what is the cost and availability?
>>>>
>>>> Thanks
>>>>
>>>> Tom Miles
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>> Stoves mailing list
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>>>> for more Biomass Cooking Stoves, News and Information see
>>>> our web site:
>>>> http://www.bioenergylists.org/
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> --
>>>> ***
>>>> Dr. A.D. Karve
>>>> Trustee & Founder President, Appropriate Rural Technology
>>>> Institute (ARTI)
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>> Stoves mailing list
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>>>> http://www.bioenergylists.org/
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> _______________________________________________
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>>>>
>>>>
>>>> No virus found in this message.
>>>> Checked by AVG - http://www.avg.com/ <http://www.avg.com/>
>>>> Version: 10.0.1427 / Virus Database: 2441/5298 - Release Date:
>>>> 09/29/12
>>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> _______________________________________________
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>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> --
>>> Paul A. Olivier PhD
>>> 27C Pham Hong Thai Street
>>> Dalat
>>> Vietnam
>>>
>>> Louisiana telephone: 1-337-447-4124 (rings Vietnam)
>>> Mobile: 090-694-1573 (in Vietnam)
>>> Skype address: Xpolivier
>>> http://www.esrla.com/
>>>
>>>
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>>
>>
>>
>> _______________________________________________
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>
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>------------------------------
>
>Message: 2
>Date: Sun, 30 Sep 2012 09:54:33 -0500
>From: Paul Anderson <psanders at ilstu.edu>
>To: Kobus Venter <vuthisa at yahoo.com>, Discussion of biomass cooking
> stoves <stoves at lists.bioenergylists.org>, "biochar at yahoogroups.com"
> <biochar at yahoogroups.com>, Hugh McLaughlin <wastemin1 at verizon.net>
>Subject: Re: [Stoves] Fabricated Burn Barrel TLUDS
>Message-ID: <50685D29.7020904 at ilstu.edu>
>Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"; Format="flowed"
>
>Dear Kobus and all,
>
>Retort: When 50/50 inner and outer amounts of fuel as Kobus has
>mentioned: the Outer burning XX kg yields zero biochar; Inside
>retort yields 20 to 30& of XX kg, net of 10 to 15% of total fuel used.
>
>(Note: charcoal yields from inside a retort of greater than 25 or 30%
>indicate considerable volatile matter is in the charcoal, which is not
>generally considered good for the plants/soils. Beware of charcoal that
>is 40+% of original fuel weight. It will burn in a charcoal stove
>probably with some limited smoke, but is not good as biochar.)
>
>TLUD: One batch, expect about 20% yield by weight. Nearly double
>the net weight output, and not needing double barrels, etc.
>
>Fines are a result of size of feedstock. If making biochar, fines are
>fine (pun intended). Or fines can be briquetted quite easily if sold to
>the charcoal market.
>
>Biggest problem I see with many attempts to make TLUD-style barrel-size
>charcoal makers is the poor quality of the lid or top to allow in
>secondary air that goes to the concentrator hole. If this sentence
>does not make sense to someone, then that person has not studied the
>basics of TLUD operation.
>
>Users should start with small TLUDs (like McLaughlin's "1-G Toucan" out
>of tincans - plans are on the web) so that they know that the TLUD fires
>CAN and should be very clean burning. There is no reason to have
>smoky TLUDs when using 200 liter barrels unless using wet fuel or not
>yet adjusting the TLUD to the fuel at hand.
>
>Paul
>
>Paul S. Anderson, PhD aka "Dr TLUD"
>Email: psanders at ilstu.edu Skype: paultlud Phone: +1-309-452-7072
>Website: http://www.drtlud.com/
>
>On 9/30/2012 8:54 AM, Kobus Venter wrote:
>> Tom, Paul, Dan and others,
>>
>> I have gone away a bit from the TLUD principle as I started from a
>> very polluting open top burn approach and using feedstock that is not
>> uniform in particle size. Very wasteful, and as in Dan's case I ended
>> up with a lot of fines
>> (http://vuthisa.files.wordpress.com/2012/09/img00177.jpg). The only
>> cost effective way that I could improve emissions of the Transportable
>> Metal Kiln was to convert it into a retort, by using the heat from the
>> conventional burn to heat the inner retorts. The flow rate of the air
>> through the outer burn will be high, probably around 1.5 m3/sec and
>> the quantity of feedstock necessary to provide the heat to the inner
>> retorts before the reaction becomes exothermic will probably match the
>> closely packed feedstock volumetrically inside the 3 x 55 gal drums,
>> which will ultimately yield the biochar. The burn is seen as
>> successful only if ash remains in the outer vessel and all the biomass
>> inside the 55 gal drums is pyrolysed. I don't need a TLUD type flow
>> rate to ensure complete carbonisation, but the consumed wood in the
>> outer drum has to be included in the overall yield percentage
>> calculation. The addition of a conical lid and chimney (much akin to
>> the New Hampshire metal kiln design) has increased the draft needed to
>> vent emissions. In the conventional open drum burn I would place ?550
>> kg feedstock and end up with 120 kg charcoal, but 50% will be fines.
>> In the 3-drum retort I would probably also use 550 kg but end up with
>> ???? I would not like to venture an answer at this early stage, but
>> hopefully end up with more than just 60 kg of biochar. The principal
>> advantages of my three drum retort should be the 25% yield of char
>> from the retort contents, coupled with the ability to use lower
>> quality fuel as the starter fuel (outside the drum) and the
>> self-stopping of the retort design (better safety, no need fro water),
>> and the self-running aspect (light it and step back).
>>
>> http://vuthisa.files.wordpress.com/2012/09/slits_drum.jpg
>> http://vuthisa.files.wordpress.com/2012/09/dscf335.jpg
>> http://vuthisa.files.wordpress.com/2012/09/branches_lid-removed2.png
>> http://vuthisa.files.wordpress.com/2012/09/bottom.jpg
>>
>> Regards
>>
>> Kobus
>>
>> ********************************************************************************
>> AD, Paul, Kobus and others. Many thanks for the suggestions.
>>
>> What is the largest practical size (kg fuel/hr, kW) for a single TLUD
>> with a
>> clean stack for heat recovery? There must be a limit to the air
>> penetration
>> to get a clean gas burn form a natural draft stack or even a fan driven
>> TLUD.
>>
>> Tom
>>
>>
>>
>> http://www.vuthisa.com/
>> Twitter: @vuthisahttps://twitter.com/vuthisa
>> Facebook:www.facebook.com/Vuthisa
>> LinkedIn:http://za.linkedin.com/in/vuthisa
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> Stoves mailing list
>>
>> to Send a Message to the list, use the email address
>> stoves at lists.bioenergylists.org
>>
>> to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page
>> http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org
>>
>> for more Biomass Cooking Stoves, News and Information see our web site:
>> http://www.bioenergylists.org/
>>
>
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>------------------------------
>
>Message: 3
>Date: Sun, 30 Sep 2012 10:06:53 -0500
>From: Doug Brethower <doug at aztecwonder.com>
>To: stoves at lists.bioenergylists.org
>Subject: [Stoves] Fabricated Burn Barrel TLUDS
>Message-ID: <DC09852D-C633-4F41-81F0-52F5877D430A at aztecwonder.com>
>Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
>
>Arranging multiple 55 gallon drums plumbed in as BLDD to a central concentrator chimney allows fuel characteristic adjustments per barrel.
>
>For example one barrel for pine needles or straw, one barrel for twigs, one barrel for big chunks, air flow tailored to fuel characteristics and desired biomass stack depth.
>
>For higher output, add more barrels, use a bigger stack.
>
>
>------------------------------
>
>Message: 4
>Date: Sun, 30 Sep 2012 08:22:53 -0700
>From: "Tom Miles" <tmiles at trmiles.com>
>To: "'Kobus Venter'" <vuthisa at yahoo.com>, "'Discussion of biomass
> cooking stoves'" <stoves at lists.bioenergylists.org>
>Subject: Re: [Stoves] Fabricated Burn Barrel TLUDS
>Message-ID: <008901cd9f1f$77dfa340$679ee9c0$@trmiles.com>
>Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
>
>Kobus,
>
>
>
>The most common use of fines that we see is to inoculate them with compost
>tea or another nutrient source, or to combine them in, or with, compost to
>make a retail garden product.
>
>
>
>Tom
>
>
>
>From: stoves-bounces at lists.bioenergylists.org
>[mailto:stoves-bounces at lists.bioenergylists.org] On Behalf Of Kobus Venter
>Sent: Sunday, September 30, 2012 6:55 AM
>To: stoves at lists.bioenergylists.org
>Subject: Re: [Stoves] Fabricated Burn Barrel TLUDS
>
>
>
>Tom, Paul, Dan and others,
>
>
>
>I have gone away a bit from the TLUD principle as I started from a very
>polluting open top burn approach and using feedstock that is not uniform in
>particle size. Very wasteful, and as in Dan's case I ended up with a lot of
>fines (http://vuthisa.files.wordpress.com/2012/09/img00177.jpg). The only
>cost effective way that I could improve emissions of the Transportable Metal
>Kiln was to convert it into a retort, by using the heat from the
>conventional burn to heat the inner retorts. The flow rate of the air
>through the outer burn will be high, probably around 1.5 m3/sec and the
>quantity of feedstock necessary to provide the heat to the inner retorts
>before the reaction becomes exothermic will probably match the closely
>packed feedstock volumetrically inside the 3 x 55 gal drums, which will
>ultimately yield the biochar. The burn is seen as successful only if ash
>remains in the outer vessel and all the biomass inside the 55 gal drums is
>pyrolysed. I don't need a TLUD type flow rate to ensure complete
>carbonisation, but the consumed wood in the outer drum has to be included in
>the overall yield percentage calculation. The addition of a conical lid and
>chimney (much akin to the New Hampshire metal kiln design) has increased the
>draft needed to vent emissions. In the conventional open drum burn I would
>place ?550 kg feedstock and end up with 120 kg charcoal, but 50% will be
>fines. In the 3-drum retort I would probably also use 550 kg but end up
>with ???? I would not like to venture an answer at this early stage, but
>hopefully end up with more than just 60 kg of biochar. The principal
>advantages of my three drum retort should be the 25% yield of char from the
>retort contents, coupled with the ability to use lower quality fuel as the
>starter fuel (outside the drum) and the self-stopping of the retort design
>(better safety, no need fro water), and the self-running aspect (light it
>and step back).
>
>
>
>http://vuthisa.files.wordpress.com/2012/09/slits_drum.jpg
>
>http://vuthisa.files.wordpress.com/2012/09/dscf335.jpg
>
>http://vuthisa.files.wordpress.com/2012/09/branches_lid-removed2.png
>
>http://vuthisa.files.wordpress.com/2012/09/bottom.jpg
>
>
>
>Regards
>
>
>
>Kobus
>
>
>
>****************************************************************************
>****
>
>AD, Paul, Kobus and others. Many thanks for the suggestions.
>
>What is the largest practical size (kg fuel/hr, kW) for a single TLUD with a
>clean stack for heat recovery? There must be a limit to the air penetration
>to get a clean gas burn form a natural draft stack or even a fan driven
>TLUD.
>
>Tom
>
>
>
>
>
>http://www.vuthisa.com/ <http://www.vuthisa.com/>
>Twitter: @vuthisa https://twitter.com/vuthisa
>Facebook: www.facebook.com/Vuthisa
>LinkedIn: http://za.linkedin.com/in/vuthisa
>
>
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>Message: 5
>Date: Sun, 30 Sep 2012 13:07:06 -0400 (EDT)
>From: Carefreeland at aol.com
>To: stoves at lists.bioenergylists.org
>Subject: Re: [Stoves] Fabricated Burn Barrel TLUDS
>Message-ID: <68691.1a8391f4.3d99d63a at aol.com>
>Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
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>Tom, Kobus,
> Once I start to produce nursery stock and bedding plants I'll have
>sufficient usage for the charcoal fines. At some point I'll build a charcoal
>powered forge and use the nugget char for that. I use any charcoal for
>greenhouse heating in very cold weather once it's rebuilt. Yes , I'll
>incorporate compost, sand and even some ash back into the planting mix to balance it.
>Allowing it to sit on rotated piles in the rain and break down farther,
>helps to mix it.
> The problem is to quickly find a cash market for the char until I can
>start paying enough bills to rebuild the greenhouse. The future in
>landscaping is bright because there is little competition left. The prolonged
>severe drought, severe storms, and many foreclosed houses and other neglected
>structures has left a huge backlog of landscaping work. My suburb area north
>of Dayton is mostly a blue collar city. It was hit hard with the auto and
>manufacturing downturn. Delphi ( once Delco) closed 5 large auto parts
>plants in the area during the last decade. New manufacturing is returning but it
>takes time.
> The only problem is that right now few folks around here can afford to
>pay to get work done. The ones that have the money are nervous about the
>future. When I do rarely get a sales call for work, I have the highest
>percentage of closed deals in 32 years in business. I do about 90% of the jobs I
>bid on. Few are complaining about high prices for work either. Few
>customers are discussing getting other bids on smaller jobs because they have to
>get big expensive landscapers from 20 miles across the big city to come and
>bid. My real competition is the black market with very unprofessional grass
>cutters trying to act as professional landscapers.
> The fines are produced from the small twigs in the brush. Particularly
>the shrub dogwood and the Honeysuckle have multiple very fine twigs. The
>Hedge Apple AKA Osage Orange or Boise De Ark ( wood of the bow). has a lot
>of thorns. All of these pyrolise into very hard particles and shards.
> If anybody is having success selling charcoal in the USA let me know
>how.
>
> Thanks,
> Dan Dimiduk
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>End of Stoves Digest, Vol 25, Issue 43
>**************************************
>
--
Art Donnelly
President SeaChar.Org
US Director, The Farm Stove Project
Proyecto Estufa Finca
"SeaChar.Org...positive tools for carbon negative living"
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