[Stoves] Stoves Digest, Vol 31, Issue 1 Topic 2
Cecil Cook
cec1863 at gmail.com
Sun Mar 3 09:29:54 CST 2013
Dear Ron and all,
Here it is again: <
http://ehs.sph.berkeley.edu/krsmith/publications/2012/lam_est_2012.pdf>
I simply put <pdf - Household Light Makes Global Heat: High Black Carbon
Emissions From Kerosene Wick Lamps> in the search window using Google and
up it came. I could download it from the URL above.
If the above url does not work, ask Google!
I just checked it out and when I use the above url, it gives me the article.
In search,
Cecil
On Sun, Mar 3, 2013 at 1:05 PM, Ron <rongretlarson at comcast.net> wrote:
> Cecil
>
> Your URL doesn't work. Can you go to
> http://ehs.sph.berkeley.edu/krsmith/
> and give us the right one?
>
> Ron
>
> On Mar 3, 2013, at 1:24 AM, Cecil Cook <cec1863 at gmail.com> wrote:
>
> Dear stove scientists and climatologists,
>
> I accessed this article in its pre-publication form at no cost from the
> following URL
>
> <ehs.sph.berkeley.edu/krsmith/publications/.../lam_est_2012.pd.>
>
> The article is hard going for me, let's say a bit opaque, as a person who
> last studied physics in high school.
>
> I am once again reminded of the risks of doing 'hard' science where there
> are so many unknowns and so many assumptions have to be made by researchers
> to construct a model about the relationship between the black carbon
> emitted by the wicks of illuminating lamps and something as gigantic as the
> average temperature balance of the planet.
>
> Unlike the cultural and social sciences (I am an anthropologist), where
> informants can and eventually do talk back and rebuke researchers when they
> stray too far off course and begin making ridiculous claims about the
> culturally and socially constructed worlds that particular informants are
> reputed to inhabit, Black Carbon does not have its own consciousness and
> voice. Therefore BC cannot censure errant climatologists when they deviate
> too much from reality when they as researchers - who are honestly trying to
> understand the role of BC in the climate system - fall victim to their own
> mad hatter assumptions about a devilish complex planetary climate system.
>
> Unfortunately, the climate system does not have the consciousness, agency
> and voice in spite of what Kirkpatrick Sale says about Gaia. The climate
> scientists presume to speaks for Gaia and when they succumbs to the
> temptation of playing science politics with the world climate system they
> run the risk of losing their way in the forest of his self created forest
> of symbolic representations of the how the planet's energy balances are
> maintained, and how such a 'fragile' system is possibly threatened by the
> careless actions of humans who create too much BC to light up the night.
>
> We know what a world of trouble Michael Mann, Lord Stern and their
> colleagues have gotten themselves into by hyper-interpreting their climate
> data. In the end their assumptions overpowered their common sense and
> perhaps their honesty and they permitted the politics of science to
> determine the assumptions they made about man's role in destabilizing and
> forcing the climate of the planet toward a hotter equilibrium. Hotter than
> what? Hotter than the climate present we have known for the last hundred
> years?
>
> I see there are 90% uncertainty ranges for all of the figures used in this
> article. I do not feel very confident with such a big range of variation.
> How would climatologists like it if I said that if a particular stove
> using group is exposed to a particular improved or advanced cookstove that
> 50% of the households in this stove using group will buy that stove within
> the next 12 months with +/- 90% uncertainty. If there were 1 million
> household in this group,that statistic indicates that 500 000 households
> can be expected to buy the better stove on offer with a range of variation
> around predicted 500 000 households of a low of 50 000 households and and
> high of 950 000 households. Maybe I have misunderstood what 90% uncertainty
> bounds mean. Have I? I do not know the usefulness of numbers that vary
> from 50 000 households and 950 000 households. That is not much of a
> prediction in my part of the scientific enterprise. What is being measured?
> Whose uncertainty is at issue here? Is it a measure of the ambiguity of
> the researcher or the methods used for measuring BC and its forcing
> effects, or what?
>
> Lastly, I would like a climatologist who is well informed about the role
> of BC to explain why there is not more BC over South Africa. Is it
> possible to differentiate the signals of BC from illuminating kerosene from
> the BC signals emitted from the much greater combustion of kerosene in
> 'Panda' stoves and space heaters which have round wicks that are about 30
> cm in circumference and burn kerosene at a rate of 1 liter a a day for
> cooking and space heating during the cold months (or up to 30 liters a
> month at $1.20 a day or $36 a month). The use of these Panda heaters,
> although outlawed by the SA Bureau of Standards, is still prevalent because
> the stoves are so cheap (under $10) and they can space heat and cook at the
> same time. The collection of firewood has become a class indicator so
> women in most townships do not like being seen carrying head loads of
> firewood.
>
> I would estimate there are 10 to 15 million kerosene stoves in the
> townships and villages of SA each of which uses a minimum of 30 liters of
> kerosene a month during the winter and perhaps 15 liters a day during the
> summer months for cooking. Should not the burning of 30 litres a month x -
> being conservative let us say - 7 500 000 kerosene burning stoves in South
> Africa - or 225 000 000 litres a month of kerosene. Would not the burning
> of 225 million liters of kerosene a month in South Africa produce a
> significant Black Carbon signal in the atmosphere over our fair country?
>
> This is not my field so I am ignorant enough not to be embarrassed by my
> ignorance.
>
> In search of answers,
>
> Cecil Cook
> Sundance Farm
> South Africa
>
> On Sun, Mar 3, 2013 at 12:09 AM, Dean Still <deankstill at gmail.com> wrote:
>
>> Hi Otto,
>>
>> Yes, I'll be in Cambodia.
>>
>> I think that informing users of kerosene lamps how they can get rid of
>> the soot could be helpful just as making other options available is a great
>> idea.
>>
>> Best,
>>
>> Dean
>>
>>
>> On Sat, Mar 2, 2013 at 11:39 AM, Otto Formo <terra-matricula at hotmail.com>wrote:
>>
>>> Dear Dean and Crispin,
>>>
>>> But you need to buy Kerosene, which costs close to two US $ per litre in
>>> Zambia, and are still fossil fuel.
>>>
>>> We prefer waste biomass as fuel, for free and available everywhere.
>>>
>>> Will you be attending the conference in Cambodia?
>>>
>>> Otto
>>>
>>> ------------------------------
>>> Date: Sat, 2 Mar 2013 10:37:04 -0800om: deankstill at gmail.com
>>> To: stoves at lists.bioenergylists.org
>>> Subject: Re: [Stoves] Stoves Digest, Vol 31, Issue 1 Topic 2
>>>
>>> http://www.aprovecho.org/lab/pubs/video-gallery
>>>
>>> Hi Crispin,
>>>
>>> I agree that blaming kerosene instead of the lamp for making soot misses
>>> the opportunity to fix the problem not by switching fuels but by just
>>> fixing the lamp. Kelley Grabow and Ed Wilson did
>>> dome preliminary investigation shown in a video above that seemed to
>>> indicate that fixing the lamp might be pretty simple.
>>>
>>> Best,
>>>
>>> Dean
>>>
>>> On Fri, Mar 1, 2013 at 10:51 PM, Geoff Thomas <wind at iig.com.au> wrote:
>>>
>>> Hi Crispin that link required some un-related password to do with
>>> Microsoft.
>>> > <
>>> https://mail.chemonics.net/exchange/emdelate/Drafts/RE:%20[Stoves]%20Gas%20Bottle%20TLUDs.EML/1_multipart/image001.jpg<https://mail.chemonics.net/exchange/emdelate/Drafts/RE:%20%5bStoves%5d%20Gas%20Bottle%20TLUDs.EML/1_multipart/image001.jpg>
>>> >
>>> No way it could be viewed.
>>> Cheers,
>>> Geoff.
>>>
>>> On 02/03/2013, at 6:00 AM, stoves-request at lists.bioenergylists.orgwrote:
>>>
>>> > Send Stoves mailing list submissions to
>>> > stoves at lists.bioenergylists.org
>>> >
>>> > To subscribe or unsubscribe via the World Wide Web, visit
>>> >
>>> http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org
>>> >
>>> > or, via email, send a message with subject or body 'help' to
>>> > stoves-request at lists.bioenergylists.org
>>> >
>>> > You can reach the person managing the list at
>>> > stoves-owner at lists.bioenergylists.org
>>> >
>>> > When replying, please edit your Subject line so it is more specific
>>> > than "Re: Contents of Stoves digest..."
>>> >
>>> >
>>> > Today's Topics:
>>> >
>>> > 1. Re: Skoll article on HAP research (Crispin Pemberton-Pigott)
>>> > 2. Re: Gas Bottle TLUDs (Elisha Moore-Delate)
>>> > 3. Re: [biochar] Re: ~Stoves and STEM education~ (Erin Rasmussen)
>>> > 4. Re: Skoll article on HAP research (nari phaltan)
>>> > 5. Fwd: Re: [Sfpnotices] Green Energy Solves Dual Crises of
>>> > Poverty and Climate (Lloyd Helferty)
>>> >
>>> >
>>> > ----------------------------------------------------------------------
>>> >
>>> > Message: 1
>>> > Date: Thu, 28 Feb 2013 15:07:23 -0500
>>> > From: "Crispin Pemberton-Pigott" <crispinpigott at gmail.com>
>>> > To: "'Discussion of biomass cooking stoves'"
>>> > <stoves at lists.bioenergylists.org>
>>> > Subject: Re: [Stoves] Skoll article on HAP research
>>> > Message-ID: <00ce01ce15ef$3a1b7c90$ae5275b0$@gmail.com>
>>> > Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
>>> >
>>> > Dear Christina
>>> >
>>> >
>>> >
>>> > Thanks for the pointer.
>>> >
>>> >
>>> >
>>> > For the benefit of readers I would like to raise one point about the
>>> emissions and the fuel.
>>> >
>>> >
>>> >
>>> > ?Getting Good Data Could be Easy
>>> >
>>> > ?If solid fuel cook stoves and kerosene lanterns are used in the same
>>> households, then getting the answers we need may be straightforward and low
>>> cost. While in the field, mothers being surveyed about their use of solid
>>> fuel cook stoves could also be asked a few questions about their use of
>>> kerosene for lighting. Some additional field observations could be
>>> recorded. Existing resources allocated to studies planned for cook stoves
>>> research could be very easily leveraged to quickly and inexpensively begin
>>> to build a body of knowledge about the effects of kerosene lighting.?
>>> >
>>> > The article also says that ?A recent Environmental Science and
>>> Technology <mailto:http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es302697h>
>>> article reports that as much as 10% of kerosene smoke is pure black carbon
>>> (soot) ? 20 times higher than previous studies had found.?
>>> >
>>> >
>>> >
>>> > The black carbon content of kerosene smoke is highly variable. It
>>> depends on what lantern is used and the power setting. The article speaks
>>> as if the emissions are created by the fuel and that worries me. This is an
>>> old fashioned view. It is like saying that ?wood is a smoky fuel?. It
>>> depends on the stove that is burning the wood, and how, doesn?t it? There
>>> is no doubt that one lantern may create 20 times as much black carbon
>>> particles as another lantern, but this tells us nothing about the fuel, it
>>> tells us about the lanterns.
>>> >
>>> >
>>> >
>>> > One alternative to a smoky kerosene lantern is a clean burning
>>> kerosene lantern.
>>> >
>>> >
>>> >
>>> > Regards
>>> >
>>> > Crispin
>>> >
>>> >
>>> >
>>> >
>>> >
>>> >
>>> >
>>> >
>>> >
>>> > From: Stoves [mailto:stoves-bounces at lists.bioenergylists.org] On
>>> Behalf Of Christina Espinosa
>>> > Sent: Thursday, February 28, 2013 12:50 PM
>>> > To: Discussion of biomass cooking stoves
>>> > Subject: [Stoves] Skoll article on HAP research
>>> >
>>> >
>>> >
>>> > Here is an article about stoves and kerosene you all might find of
>>> interest:
>>> >
>>> >
>>> >
>>> >
>>> https://skollworldforum.org/2013/02/27/where-theres-smoke-theres-fire-a-call-to-action-for-better-indoor-air-pollution-research/
>>> >
>>> > -------------- next part --------------
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>>> >
>>> >
>>> > ------------------------------
>>> >
>>> > Message: 2
>>> > Date: Thu, 28 Feb 2013 15:26:20 -0500
>>> > From: "Elisha Moore-Delate" <emdelate at chemonics.com>
>>> > To: "Discussion of biomass cooking stoves"
>>> > <stoves at lists.bioenergylists.org>
>>> > Subject: Re: [Stoves] Gas Bottle TLUDs
>>> > Message-ID:
>>> > <
>>> CFC22A81DD304945BC918EA8680159BD3F27B8 at CHQ-EMAIL-BE3.chemonics.net>
>>> > Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
>>> >
>>> > Thanks Crispin. Appreciate the lovely photos and info.
>>> >
>>> > ________________________________
>>> >
>>> > From: Stoves on behalf of Crispin Pemberton-Pigott
>>> > Sent: Tue 2/26/2013 11:26 PM
>>> > To: 'Discussion of biomass cooking stoves'
>>> > Subject: Re: [Stoves] Gas Bottle TLUDs
>>> >
>>> >
>>> >
>>> > Dear Elisha
>>> >
>>> >
>>> >
>>> > What a great idea - so many harmonies. In Mozambique old gas bottles
>>> are widely used as charcoal cooking pots, cut lengthwise from tip to
>>> bottom, after the valve has been removed.
>>> >
>>> >
>>> >
>>> > They last a really long time.
>>> >
>>> >
>>> >
>>> > Here are two types, one with the cylinder used vertically, one
>>> horizontally.
>>> >
>>> >
>>> >
>>> > <
>>> https://mail.chemonics.net/exchange/emdelate/Drafts/RE:%20[Stoves]%20Gas%20Bottle%20TLUDs.EML/1_multipart/image001.jpg<https://mail.chemonics.net/exchange/emdelate/Drafts/RE:%20%5bStoves%5d%20Gas%20Bottle%20TLUDs.EML/1_multipart/image001.jpg>
>>> >
>>> >
>>> > Baseline charcoal stoves in Maputo, Mozambique
>>> >
>>> >
>>> >
>>> > Regards
>>> >
>>> > Crispin
>>> >
>>> > -------------- next part --------------
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>>> >
>>> >
>>> > ------------------------------
>>> >
>>> > Message: 3
>>> > Date: Thu, 28 Feb 2013 13:25:04 -0800
>>> > From: "Erin Rasmussen" <erin at trmiles.com>
>>> > To: <biochar at yahoogroups.com>, "'JJ Claire'" <
>>> pugoclaire at yahoo.com>
>>> > Cc: 'Discussion of biomass' <stoves at lists.bioenergylists.org>
>>> > Subject: Re: [Stoves] [biochar] Re: ~Stoves and STEM education~
>>> > Message-ID: <010201ce15fa$13a7e2a0$3af7a7e0$@com>
>>> > Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
>>> >
>>> > A better source of information about the Stoves list, is our cooking
>>> stoves web site:
>>> >
>>> > http://www.stoves.bioenergylists.org <
>>> http://www.stoves.bioenergylists.org/>
>>> >
>>> >
>>> >
>>> > Sign up here:
>>> http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org
>>> >
>>> > and check out the cooking stoves archive:
>>> http://lists.bioenergylists.org/pipermail/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org/
>>> >
>>> >
>>> >
>>> > Let me know if you have any questions,
>>> >
>>> > Erin
>>> >
>>> >
>>> >
>>> > TR Miles Technical Consultants Inc. <http://www.trmiles.com/>
>>> http://www.trmiles.com/
>>> >
>>> > and BioEnergy Discussion Lists <http://www.bioenergylists.org/>
>>> http://www.bioenergylists.org/
>>> >
>>> > erin at trmiles.com
>>> >
>>> >
>>> >
>>> > T.R. Miles Technical Consultants Inc.
>>> > 1470 SW Woodward Way
>>> > Portland, OR, USA 97225
>>> > Tel. 503-292-0107 Fax. 503-292-2919
>>> >
>>> > cell. 503-8882367
>>> >
>>> >
>>> >
>>> >
>>> >
>>> >
>>> >
>>> > From: biochar at yahoogroups.com [mailto:biochar at yahoogroups.com] On
>>> Behalf Of rongretlarson at comcast.net
>>> > Sent: Wednesday, February 27, 2013 1:36 AM
>>> > To: biochar at yahoogroups.com; JJ Claire; Erin Rasmussen
>>> > Cc: Discussion of biomass
>>> > Subject: Re: [biochar] Re: [Stoves] ~Stoves and STEM education~
>>> >
>>> >
>>> >
>>> >
>>> >
>>> > 2. Anyone wanting to learn more about the stove list dialog (a
>>> sister list, also managed by Erin) should go to
>>> >
>>> http://www.mail-archive.com/stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org/maillist.html
>>> >
>>> >
>>> >
>>> > _._,___
>>> >
>>> > -------------- next part --------------
>>> > An HTML attachment was scrubbed...
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>>> >
>>> >
>>> > ------------------------------
>>> >
>>> > Message: 4
>>> > Date: Fri, 1 Mar 2013 07:50:00 +0530
>>> > From: nari phaltan <nariphaltan at gmail.com>
>>> > To: Discussion of biomass cooking stoves
>>> > <stoves at lists.bioenergylists.org>
>>> > Subject: Re: [Stoves] Skoll article on HAP research
>>> > Message-ID:
>>> > <CAGeG2tBO24Ht5_RQmbLewRO3k+Y6O5=
>>> wrGtVWs62QOugHYA3xw at mail.gmail.com>
>>> > Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
>>> >
>>> > This might be of interest to the stovers that kerosene can be made
>>> into a
>>> > very clean burning fuel just like LPG.
>>> > http://www.cseindia.org/userfiles/Lantern%20that%20cooks.pdf
>>> >
>>> > Cheers.
>>> >
>>> > Anil
>>> >
>>> > On Thu, Feb 28, 2013 at 11:19 PM, Christina Espinosa <
>>> > c_espinosa1 at u.pacific.edu> wrote:
>>> >
>>> >> Here is an article about stoves and kerosene you all might find of
>>> >> interest:
>>> >>
>>> >>
>>> >>
>>> https://skollworldforum.org/2013/02/27/where-theres-smoke-theres-fire-a-call-to-action-for-better-indoor-air-pollution-research/
>>> >>
>>> >> _______________________________________________
>>> >> Stoves mailing list
>>> >>
>>> >> to Send a Message to the list, use the email address
>>> >> stoves at lists.bioenergylists.org
>>> >>
>>> >> to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page
>>> >>
>>> >>
>>> http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org
>>> >>
>>> >> for more Biomass Cooking Stoves, News and Information see our web
>>> site:
>>> >> http://www.bioenergylists.org/
>>> >>
>>> >>
>>> >>
>>> >
>>> >
>>> > --
>>> > Nimbkar Agricultural Research Institute (NARI)
>>> > Tambmal, Phaltan-Lonand Road
>>> > P.O.Box 44
>>> > Phaltan-415523, Maharashtra, India
>>> > Ph:91-2166-222396/220945
>>> > e-mail:nariphaltan at gmail.com
>>> > anilrajvanshi at gmail.com
>>> >
>>> > http://www.nariphaltan.org
>>> > -------------- next part --------------
>>> > An HTML attachment was scrubbed...
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>>> >
>>> >
>>> > ------------------------------
>>> >
>>> > Message: 5
>>> > Date: Fri, 1 Mar 2013 00:38:11 -0500
>>> > From: Lloyd Helferty <lhelferty at sympatico.ca>
>>> > To: Biochar-Policy <biochar-policy at yahoogroups.com>, Discussion of
>>> > biomass cooking stoves <stoves at lists.bioenergylists.org>
>>> > Subject: [Stoves] Fwd: Re: [Sfpnotices] Green Energy Solves Dual
>>> > Crises of Poverty and Climate
>>> > Message-ID: <BLU0-SMTP8737D43D68225A4170FCCEC0FF0 at phx.gbl>
>>> > Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"; Format="flowed"
>>> >
>>> > FYI
>>> >
>>> > Lloyd Helferty, Engineering Technologist
>>> > Principal, Biochar Consulting (Canada)
>>> > www.biochar-consulting.ca
>>> > 48 Suncrest Blvd, Thornhill, ON, Canada
>>> > 905-707-8754
>>> > CELL: 647-886-8754
>>> > Skype: lloyd.helferty
>>> > Steering Committee coordinator
>>> > Canadian Biochar Initiative (CBI)
>>> > President, Co-founder & CBI Liaison, Biochar-Ontario
>>> > National Office, Canadian Carbon Farming Initiative (CCFI)
>>> > Partner of Toronto Urban Ag Summitwww.urbanagsummit.org
>>> > Manager, Biochar Offsets Group:
>>> > http://www.linkedin.com/groups?home=&gid=2446475
>>> > Advisory Committee Member, IBI
>>> > http://www.linkedin.com/groups?gid=1404717
>>> > http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=42237506675
>>> > http://groups.google.com/group/biochar-ontario
>>> > http://www.meetup.com/biocharontario/
>>> > http://www.biocharontario.ca
>>> > www.biochar.ca
>>> >
>>> > "Whenever you are asked if you can do a job, tell 'em, 'Certainly I
>>> can!' Then get busy and find out how to do it."
>>> > - Theodore Roosevelt
>>> >
>>> >
>>> >
>>> > -------- Original Message --------
>>> > Subject: Re: [Sfpnotices] Green Energy Solves Dual Crises of
>>> Poverty
>>> > and Climate
>>> > Date: Tue, 26 Feb 2013 21:23:44 -0500
>>> > From: Robert Korol
>>> > To: Sfp Notices-list" <sfpnotices at physics.utoronto.ca>
>>> >
>>> >
>>> >
>>> > Carla - thank goodness we are getting the power houses of our economic
>>> engines like the*World Bank* on side with respect to green energy.
>>> > Maybe there is hope for the world after all!
>>> >
>>> > Bob
>>> >
>>> > On Tue, 26 Feb 2013 20:42:37 -0500
>>> > "Carla"<carla.wong at utoronto.ca> wrote:
>>> >> Source:
>>> >>
>>> >>
>>> http://www.ipsnews.net/2013/02/green-energy-solves-dual-crises-of-poverty-and-climate/
>>> >>
>>> >>
>>> >> Green Energy Solves Dual Crises of Poverty and Climate
>>> >>
>>> >> By Stephen Leahy
>>> >>
>>> >>
>>> >> UXBRIDGE, Canada, Feb 25 2013 (IPS) - Green energy is the only way to
>>> bring
>>> >> billions of people out of energy poverty and prevent a climate
>>> disaster, a
>>> >> new study reveals.
>>> >>
>>> >> Conservative institutions like the World Bank, the International
>>> Energy
>>> >> Agency and accounting giant Price Waterhouse Coopers (PwC) all warn
>>> humanity
>>> >> is on a path to climate catastrophe unless fossil fuel energy is
>>> replaced by
>>> >> green energy.
>>> >>
>>> >> The U.N.'s/*Sustainable Energy for All*/ initiative intends to bring
>>> universal
>>> >> access to modern energy, doubling the share of renewable energy
>>> globally,
>>> >> and doubling the rate of improvement in energy efficiency by 2030.
>>> >>
>>> >> Poverty eradication, sustainable development and the transition away
>>> from
>>> >> fossil fuel energy go hand in hand.
>>> >>
>>> >> If those targets are met and similar efforts undertaken to*reduce
>>> >> deforestation*, then climate disaster can be avoided, said Joeri
>>> Rogelj of
>>> >> the<http://www.iac.ethz.ch/> Institute for Atmospheric and Climate
>>> Science
>>> >> in Zurich who headed the analysis published Sunday in the journal
>>> >> <http://www.nature.com/nclimate/index.html> Nature Climate Change.
>>> >>
>>> >> "Poverty eradication, sustainable development and the transition away
>>> from
>>> >> fossil fuel energy go hand in hand," Rogelj told IPS.
>>> >>
>>> >> The U.N.<http://www.sustainableenergyforall.org/> Sustainable
>>> Energy for
>>> >> All (SE4All) initiative is ambitious, but brings a wide range of
>>> benefits
>>> >> including improvements in health, less air pollution and makes the
>>> >> all-important break from increasing fossil fuel energy use. The
>>> analysis
>>> >> shows the costs of SE4All is far less than the public subsidies the
>>> fossil
>>> >> fuel industry currently receives, he said.
>>> >>
>>> >> Nearly three billion people still use fire for cooking and heating. Of
>>> >> those, some 1.5 billion people have no access to electricity. For a
>>> billion
>>> >> more, their only access is to sporadic and unreliable electricity
>>> networks.
>>> >> Indoor air pollution from burning dung, charcoal, and wood for
>>> heating and
>>> >> cooking leads to nearly two million premature deaths of women and
>>> children
>>> >> every year, more than all the deaths from malaria and tuberculosis.
>>> >>
>>> >> Dirty fossil fuel energy is also a major health hazard in industrial
>>> >> countries, responsible for 50,000 to 100,000 premature deaths and 400
>>> >> billion dollars in health costs a year in the U.S. alone, said Mark
>>> Jacobson
>>> >> an energy expert at Stanford University in California.
>>> >>
>>> >> "In the European Union, it is 350,000 premature deaths a year,"
>>> Jacobson
>>> >> told IPS.
>>> >>
>>> >> SE4All was first announced in 2009. "Energy interacts with all of the
>>> >> development challenges we face," Kandeh Yumkella, director-general of
>>> the
>>> >> United Nations Industrial Development Organisation
>>> >> <
>>> http://www.ipsnews.net/2009/06/development-green-energy-for-all-by-2030/
>>> >
>>> >> told IPS at the launch.
>>> >>
>>> >> Energy experts calculate that decentralised, off-grid technologies
>>> like
>>> >> wind, solar, geothermal and micro-hydro energy generation are the
>>> fastest
>>> >> and most cost effective solutions. Extending current electrical grids
>>> only
>>> >> makes economic sense to meet 15-20 percent of the need due to the high
>>> >> costs.
>>> >>
>>> >> SE4All is well under way now, with more than 50 developing countries
>>> working
>>> >> on national plans to achieve the three goals of universal access,
>>> increasing
>>> >> renewable energy, and doubling the rate of improvement in energy
>>> efficiency.
>>> >>
>>> >> Since 80 percent of human carbon dioxide emissions come from the
>>> global
>>> >> energy system, Rogelj and colleagues at the International Institute
>>> for
>>> >> Applied Systems Analysis in Laxenberg, Austria wanted to quantify the
>>> impact
>>> >> on the global climate.
>>> >>
>>> >> "Achieving the three SE4ALL objectives could put the world on a path
>>> towards
>>> >> global climate protection," they
>>> >> <
>>> http://www.nature.com/nclimate/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nclimate1806.html
>>> >>> conclude in their paper "The UN's 'Sustainable Energy for All'
>>> initiative
>>> >> is compatible with a warming limit of 2 ?C".
>>> >>
>>> >> "Doing energy right will promote the Millennium Development Goals,
>>> such as
>>> >> poverty eradication and social empowerment, and at the same time
>>> kick-start
>>> >> the transition to a lower-carbon economy," says IIASA researcher David
>>> >> McCollum, who also worked on the study.
>>> >>
>>> >> "But the U.N.'s objectives must be complemented by a global agreement
>>> on
>>> >> controlling greenhouse gas emissions."
>>> >>
>>> >> Even if the targets are achieved, explosive economic growth coupled
>>> with
>>> >> greater energy use will overwhelm the climate protection benefits of
>>> SE4All.
>>> >> "There is an explicit need for a global cap on emissions," said
>>> Rogelj .
>>> >>
>>> >> Global carbon emissions were about 52 gigatonnes (billion metric
>>> tonnes) in
>>> >> 2012 and that means fossil fuel energy use must decline so emissions
>>> are
>>> >> about 41-47 Gt by 2020 to have a reasonable chance of keeping global
>>> warming
>>> >> below two degrees C.
>>> >>
>>> >> The shift to green energy is under way. Every new megawatt added to
>>> the U.S.
>>> >> electricity supply in January came from renewables, and more than
>>> half of
>>> >> all new electricity generation in 2012 was also from renewables, not
>>> gas as
>>> >> often believed.
>>> >>
>>> >> Iceland has 81 percent renewable energy. Scotland has a mandate to
>>> achieve
>>> >> 100 percent renewable power supply by 2020. Denmark passed laws
>>> requiring
>>> >> that the whole energy supply - electricity, heating/cooling, and
>>> >> transportation - be met by renewable resources.
>>> >>
>>> >> Stanford's Jackobson, among others, have proposed detailed plans on
>>> how to
>>> >> meet 100 percent of the world's energy needs with green energy.
>>> Jacobson
>>> >> believes it could be done as soon as 2030.
>>> >>
>>> >> Costs for the SE4All plan are relatively modest at between 30 and 40
>>> billion
>>> >> dollars a year, a fraction of the 523 billion dollars in subsides for
>>> dirty
>>> >> energy in 2011, according to the International Energy Agency. By
>>> 2030, 300
>>> >> billion dollars a year will be needed to bring electricity into every
>>> home
>>> >> on the planet and prevent catastrophic climate change.
>>> >>
>>> >> Fossil fuel emission reductions will have to continue after 2030 and
>>> >> eventually decline to near zero in order to stay below two degrees C,
>>> said
>>> >> Rogelj.
>>> >>
>>> >> - See more at:
>>> >>
>>> http://www.ipsnews.net/2013/02/green-energy-solves-dual-crises-of-poverty-and-climate/#sthash.bCVEtR8U.dpuf
>>> >>
>>> >>
>>> >
>>> > - - - - - - -
>>> > Robert Korol
>>> > Professor emeritus, Civil Engineering
>>> > McMaster University
>>> >
>>> >
>>> >
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