[Stoves] Water Disinfection - Mix Boiling Water and Unheated Water to Pasteurize

Tue Oct 15 10:28:24 CDT 2019

cc:  Tom Sponheim and Dale Andreatta

A lab in Kenya tested 1:1 and 2:1 parts boiling water to unheated
contaminated water, mixed, cooled for 30 minutes and mixed again.  Both
tested negative for Total Coliform, Fecal Coliform and E Coli.  Here is the
report
<https://docs.google.com/document/d/1PifTmJ6haJYV13zs0zzV61P0xFXyLSB2kS9fs6vDH6E/edit?usp=sharing>.
This is very encouraging.

The Kenyan lab recognizes the importance of these results and intends to
perform more testing on its own with a goal of publishing in a trade
journal.  I hope to have a lab in Uganda do similar testing soon.

The Kenyan lab also test disinfection by darkness.  Five days of complete
darkness failed to disinfect the water.

Kevin

On Mon, Sep 23, 2019 at 5:59 PM Crispin Pemberton-Pigott <
crispinpigott at outlook.com> wrote:

> Volunteers in Technical Assistance.
>
>
>
> The head was Don Feil for some time recently. I am not sure if he still
> is. His phone mailboxes are full.
>
>
>
> US-based people volunteer their time to solve problems encountered by
> overseas people. It did a lot of positive things.  They produced the first
> (rather defective) WBT test, with them mediating three organisations, them,
> plus one in France and one in Germany.   They put out a number of
> publications including the VITA Technology Handbook and the microfiche
> library of everything the Village Technology Sourcebook. Back in the early
> ‘80’s that was the basis of any good appropriately technology centre
> library.
>
>
>
> Cecil Cook and I co-founded the Transkei Appropriate Technology Unit in
> 1982 and there wasn’t all that much to go on, besides the ITDG
> publications.
>
>
>
> So, there is some discussion of water storage here.
>
> https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0006364
>
>
>
> Conclusions
>
> “All five water treatment methods can remove or inactivate cercariae in
> water, and hence produce cercaria-free water. However, reliable design
> guidelines for treating water do not exist as there are insufficient data. Overall,
> the review found that cercariae are inactivated when storing water for
> 10–72 hours (depending on temperature), or with chlorination values of
> 3–30 mg-min/l. UV fluences between 3–60 mJ/cm2 may significantly damage
> or kill cercariae, and sand filters with 0.18–0.35 mm grain size have been
> shown to remove cercariae. This systematic review *identified 67 studies*
> about water treatment and schistosomiasis published in the past 106 years.
> It highlights the many factors that influence the results of water
> treatment experiments, which include different water quality conditions and
> methods for measuring key parameters. Variation in these factors limit
> comparability, and therefore currently available information is
> insufficient for providing complete water treatment design recommendations.”
>
> I think that is information enough to start.
>
> Regards
>
> Crispin
>
>
>
>
>
> *From:* Stoves <stoves-bounces at lists.bioenergylists.org> *On Behalf Of *K
> McLean
> *Sent:* Monday, September 23, 2019 5:39 PM
> *To:* Discussion of biomass cooking stoves <
> stoves at lists.bioenergylists.org>
> *Subject:* Re: [Stoves] Water Disinfection - Mix Boiling Water and
> Unheated Water to Pasteurize
>
>
>
> I searched for a couple hours and found nothing.  I'll keep trying.  What
> is VITA?
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> On Mon, Sep 23, 2019 at 5:13 PM Crispin Pemberton-Pigott <
> crispinpigott at outlook.com> wrote:
>
> Dear Kevin
>
>
>
> I support your support to support those who have nothing.  Better is
> something.
>
>
>
> Is it possible that VITA has done work on this?
>
>
>
> It is so essential that it seems unlikely there is no work on it.  It is
> not something I follow closely.
>
>
>
> Perhaps a brief search will turn up someone who knows someone who knows.
>
>
>
> Regards
>
> Crispin
>
>
>
>
>
> Your disinfection by darkness method should be easy to test in a lab.  If
> successful in the lab, I can think of many ways it might be easily
> implemented.
>
>
>
> Despite decades of effort, 2.2 billion people (67%) in the 60 developing
> countries analyzed in this study
> <https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2813171%2F&data=02%7C01%7C%7Ce77646a3b4294635280508d7406eb909%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C637048716599620717&sdata=8OVLb4C1zwMF%2BCKrxGfjqGWDWjG6fYdcfOOpCIv8UX8%3D&reserved=0>
> do nothing to treat their water.  Of those that treat, 500 million use
> adequate methods.
>
>
>
> If you think your disinfection by darkness method has potential, help find
> a lab and I'll pay for the testing.  It doesn't have to be the best
> solution, just a good method that can be quickly disseminated.  Let's not
> let the perfect be the enemy of the good.
>
>
>
> Kevin
>
>
>
>
>
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