[Stoves] ***SPAM*** Re: ***SPAM*** Re: Stoves Digest, Vol 146, Issue 3
Crispin Pemberton-Pigott
crispinpigott at outlook.com
Tue Oct 11 15:23:50 CDT 2022
Dear Kevin
You test the moisture content using a small digital scale, like you get at a "head shop". It will have a capacity of about 400 or 250 grams. It reads to 0.01 g precision.
Take some samples of fuel, weigh them and write the number 1, 2, 3 etc on them with a pen and record the individual masses.
You can weigh them all at once if you like.
Then put them into a warming drawer of an electric over of the oven itself if you can control the temperature down to 105 C.
Leave them for a day (no kidding) and weight them again after they cool.
Hot fuel can influence the scale's reading. Physics 101.
Divide the new dry mass by the original mass and convert to %. That is the dry portion. Subtract that number from 100% and you have the moisture on a Wet Weight Basis. WWB.
WWB is the most common form of describing the fuel moisture in the stove world. However if you are reading something from the USA never assume it is WWB. There is penchant for describing the moisture as a percentage of the dry mass which is of course the Dry Weight Basis.
So you should always report the moisture as a % and then put WWB afterwards so anyone reading your text knows what you did.
100% - Dry mass % = % moisture content WWB
Regards
Crispin
From: kmclean56 at gmail.com
Sent: October 11, 2022 12:35 PM
To: stoves at lists.bioenergylists.org
Reply to: stoves at lists.bioenergylists.org
Subject: [Stoves] ***SPAM*** Re: ***SPAM*** Re: Stoves Digest, Vol 146, Issue 3
You never need to apologize, Norm.
I'm leaning toward the bands over the cooking hole. A band with maize stalks is simpler and seems to be less smoky. But the big band advantage is the bundles can be swapped out to extend the cooking session indefinitely.
It would be awesome if you could test the band and bundle method at Aprovecho. We have not yet tried to regulate air flow.
Moisture content is obviously important. Please look at this video where we compare the burning of two piles of freshly cut upright maize stalks that were brown and looked dry. (You may have seen it on the biochar listserv, but it is also relevant here.) We are demonstrating the difference in smoke when a pile is lit on the side (left pile, the traditional method in Africa) and when lit on top (right pile, the way we train). The difference in smoke is stunning. However, when we compared two piles of stalks that were cut two week previous, both piles burned with little smoke. I attribute this to moisture content. Brown upright stalks must have a higher moisture content than stalks that were cut and left on the ground for two weeks.
Side by Side Burn of Maize Stalks (video): https://youtu.be/5M4ntJi_JmY<https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fyoutu.be%2F5M4ntJi_JmY&data=05%7C01%7C%7C8d167d1d3d994cd3dc1308daabb75329%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C638011101143179687%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=t4tlT554CHyo%2Fx77o%2FkwbWj%2BC2TEJUkSZfvaPELxcTg%3D&reserved=0>. Some of the principles of the top down burn of large piles of maize stalks are probably involved in the burning of stalks in bands from the top.
How do you test for moisture content?
On Tue, Oct 11, 2022 at 7:19 PM Norman Baker <ntbakerphd at gmail.com<mailto:ntbakerphd at gmail.com>> wrote:
Kevin;
First, let me apologize for not getting emissions testing done for you at Aprovecho. Life seems to get in the way sometimes - especially when you're older and events crop up suddenly.
The metal band with the stocks upright is probably a better way to make use of the maize stocks. From watching your videos it is clear this is functioning as a hybrid between TLUD's and flame caps. Do you make any attempt to regulate the air from below? When we go to Aprovecho I can easily make a band and we can do emissions testing on this new arrangement. I still plan to compare emissions of dried maize stocks versus maize stocks at ambient relative humidity. I think there will be a difference. I'm also planning to do this in a metal band versus the "conservation burn" style you originally worked with. Let me know what you think.
Norm
On Tue, Oct 11, 2022 at 10:05 AM <stoves-request at lists.bioenergylists.org<mailto:stoves-request at lists.bioenergylists.org>> wrote:
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Today's Topics:
1. ***SPAM*** Maize stalks as cooking fuel in bands and bundles
(Kevin McLean)
2. ***SPAM*** Re: ***SPAM*** Maize stalks as cooking fuel in
bands and bundles (energiesnaturals at gmx.de<mailto:energiesnaturals at gmx.de>)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Message: 1
Date: Mon, 10 Oct 2022 19:50:55 +0200
From: Kevin McLean <kevin at sun24.org<mailto:kevin at sun24.org>>
To: Stoves and Biofuels Network <stoves at lists.bioenergylists.org<mailto:stoves at lists.bioenergylists.org>>
Subject: [Stoves] ***SPAM*** Maize stalks as cooking fuel in bands and
bundles
Message-ID:
<CALxcr-v5W0pxsbUd9wciv7aQ5k2CbiBg2Uo1Z2Yj4-5syEnxWA at mail.gmail.com<mailto:CALxcr-v5W0pxsbUd9wciv7aQ5k2CbiBg2Uo1Z2Yj4-5syEnxWA at mail.gmail.com>>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
We've long been trying to find a way to use maize stalks as a cooking fuel
in Africa. They are challenging because they burn fast and smoky. We may
have found a way.
Make a bundle of stalks in a metal band and stand up the bundle so the
stalks are upright. Then light the top. The band has a diameter of 20
cm. The stalks burn remarkably clean for about 13 minutes, no tending.
Then a new bundle can be swapped in to continue the cooking. Below are
some videos.
My colleague in Uganda thinks that farmers with two growing seasons can
cook year round with maize stalks and never need to collect firewood again
... we'll see.
As a bonus, this makes biochar.
[image: Bands with maize stalks.jpeg]
Videos:
Self help group leaders being trained on stalks in bands
<https://drive.google.com/file/d/10VXniCh8-JFLg6EwFcImsmYbeJAEDu6D/view?usp=sharing<https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdrive.google.com%2Ffile%2Fd%2F10VXniCh8-JFLg6EwFcImsmYbeJAEDu6D%2Fview%3Fusp%3Dsharing&data=05%7C01%7C%7C8d167d1d3d994cd3dc1308daabb75329%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C638011101143179687%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=UQ6XFNjnDyCIfmbK%2BeDAx9mNvruvSjjrq7peQfGW4i0%3D&reserved=0>>
Stalks in band burning
<https://drive.google.com/file/d/16QvwLwqTIQrV3rDuJGX_zqXJBoXZemKu/view?usp=sharing<https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdrive.google.com%2Ffile%2Fd%2F16QvwLwqTIQrV3rDuJGX_zqXJBoXZemKu%2Fview%3Fusp%3Dsharing&data=05%7C01%7C%7C8d167d1d3d994cd3dc1308daabb75329%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C638011101143179687%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=gSUOUwb3j%2FSFcAIEVU6jYkKvs4lO8XFPvqKhf8wMTpg%3D&reserved=0>>
Swapping bands of stalks
<https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ZYqahvxprdjvsRkVav66clPegWoN3Uyc/view?usp=sharing<https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdrive.google.com%2Ffile%2Fd%2F1ZYqahvxprdjvsRkVav66clPegWoN3Uyc%2Fview%3Fusp%3Dsharing&data=05%7C01%7C%7C8d167d1d3d994cd3dc1308daabb75329%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C638011101143179687%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=ymuSt6MkQ7gQHgC26e4eJfP5sGQi698mxKiw4Qj%2Fo70%3D&reserved=0>>
Kevin McLean, President
Sun24.org
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------------------------------
Message: 2
Date: Tue, 11 Oct 2022 12:07:22 +0000
From: "energiesnaturals at gmx.de<mailto:energiesnaturals at gmx.de>" <energiesnaturals at gmx.de<mailto:energiesnaturals at gmx.de>>
To: Discussion of biomass cooking stoves
<stoves at lists.bioenergylists.org<mailto:stoves at lists.bioenergylists.org>>
Subject: [Stoves] ***SPAM*** Re: ***SPAM*** Maize stalks as cooking
fuel in bands and bundles
Message-ID:
<PAXPR03MB7917338104A32472776AB641A9239 at PAXPR03MB7917.eurprd03.prod.outlook.com<mailto:PAXPR03MB7917338104A32472776AB641A9239 at PAXPR03MB7917.eurprd03.prod.outlook.com>>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
@Kevin
Imagine you rise the sleeve higher up and leave some space between it and the bundle.
It should have a "secondary air effect", I guess, and burn even cleaner.
Holen Sie sich Outlook f?r Android<https://aka.ms/AAb9ysg<https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Faka.ms%2FAAb9ysg&data=05%7C01%7C%7C8d167d1d3d994cd3dc1308daabb75329%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C638011101143179687%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=2xuVR3f9vTSMuI7%2FeUT8cqUQOGIWTsIrMPn9zrKu0r8%3D&reserved=0>>
________________________________
From: Stoves <stoves-bounces at lists.bioenergylists.org<mailto:stoves-bounces at lists.bioenergylists.org>> on behalf of Kevin McLean <kevin at sun24.org<mailto:kevin at sun24.org>>
Sent: Monday, October 10, 2022 7:50:55 PM
To: Stoves and Biofuels Network <stoves at lists.bioenergylists.org<mailto:stoves at lists.bioenergylists.org>>
Subject: [Stoves] ***SPAM*** Maize stalks as cooking fuel in bands and bundles
We've long been trying to find a way to use maize stalks as a cooking fuel in Africa. They are challenging because they burn fast and smoky. We may have found a way.
Make a bundle of stalks in a metal band and stand up the bundle so the stalks are upright. Then light the top. The band has a diameter of 20 cm. The stalks burn remarkably clean for about 13 minutes, no tending. Then a new bundle can be swapped in to continue the cooking. Below are some videos.
My colleague in Uganda thinks that farmers with two growing seasons can cook year round with maize stalks and never need to collect firewood again ... we'll see.
As a bonus, this makes biochar.
[Bands with maize stalks.jpeg]
Videos:
Self help group leaders being trained on stalks in bands<https://drive.google.com/file/d/10VXniCh8-JFLg6EwFcImsmYbeJAEDu6D/view?usp=sharing<https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdrive.google.com%2Ffile%2Fd%2F10VXniCh8-JFLg6EwFcImsmYbeJAEDu6D%2Fview%3Fusp%3Dsharing&data=05%7C01%7C%7C8d167d1d3d994cd3dc1308daabb75329%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C638011101143179687%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=UQ6XFNjnDyCIfmbK%2BeDAx9mNvruvSjjrq7peQfGW4i0%3D&reserved=0>>
Stalks in band burning<https://drive.google.com/file/d/16QvwLwqTIQrV3rDuJGX_zqXJBoXZemKu/view?usp=sharing<https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdrive.google.com%2Ffile%2Fd%2F16QvwLwqTIQrV3rDuJGX_zqXJBoXZemKu%2Fview%3Fusp%3Dsharing&data=05%7C01%7C%7C8d167d1d3d994cd3dc1308daabb75329%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C638011101143179687%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=gSUOUwb3j%2FSFcAIEVU6jYkKvs4lO8XFPvqKhf8wMTpg%3D&reserved=0>>
Swapping bands of stalks<https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ZYqahvxprdjvsRkVav66clPegWoN3Uyc/view?usp=sharing<https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdrive.google.com%2Ffile%2Fd%2F1ZYqahvxprdjvsRkVav66clPegWoN3Uyc%2Fview%3Fusp%3Dsharing&data=05%7C01%7C%7C8d167d1d3d994cd3dc1308daabb75329%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C638011101143335899%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=mvrmIIl3XB6Gm7ZaJ6ZsNFhj6cmdMKJT9ZsCt1vBT78%3D&reserved=0>>
Kevin McLean, President
Sun24.org
[https://ci3.googleusercontent.com/mail-sig/AIorK4zAIztZKxS3RzbnyZJ5ZD9359VFc-kCexObS_SF70Gwj0UezW9Scu7SqRnnNXaJ38t35hMmxIs<https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fci3.googleusercontent.com%2Fmail-sig%2FAIorK4zAIztZKxS3RzbnyZJ5ZD9359VFc-kCexObS_SF70Gwj0UezW9Scu7SqRnnNXaJ38t35hMmxIs&data=05%7C01%7C%7C8d167d1d3d994cd3dc1308daabb75329%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C638011101143335899%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=xxAPlrrWgWqdDzLWNKpBYK4K5ppPhF4zj4CrHmOn%2FY0%3D&reserved=0>] [https://ci3.googleusercontent.com/mail-sig/AIorK4z2tsZ3rgW5tI0WX2NWWXDTqudhoRxP7rN4Fg_TMvvUZ5TZ86uotlupTwH8ivq8hBLlmCLH7Ac<https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fci3.googleusercontent.com%2Fmail-sig%2FAIorK4z2tsZ3rgW5tI0WX2NWWXDTqudhoRxP7rN4Fg_TMvvUZ5TZ86uotlupTwH8ivq8hBLlmCLH7Ac&data=05%7C01%7C%7C8d167d1d3d994cd3dc1308daabb75329%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C638011101143335899%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=0laQid23TTFFjiijzmS60j8CzZNlQCFbjIwhAcWuIlY%3D&reserved=0>]
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