[Stoves] ***SPAM*** Re: ***SPAM*** Re: ***SPAM*** Carbon credits for briquettes that replace charcoal in Africa

[K McLean]

Dear Crispin,

This does not involve cooking with maize stalks.  Char out from maize
stalks.  The char is then made into briquettes.  The briquettes are sold to
charcoal users to replace charcoal.

Kevin

On Sat, Jan 27, 2024 at 11:04 PM Crispin Pemberton-Pigott <
crispinpigott at outlook.com> wrote:

> Dear Kevin
>
> That helps a lot. Ok. You have to show that there is a reduction in
> emissions when you analyse “the system”. As far as I understand what you
> described it is that people are - pretty indirectly - cooking with maize
> stalks instead of…. Wood?
>
> Is the charcoal briquette a wood fuel substitute?
>
> If so you can claim you have reduced net biomass loss by the local fNRB x
> mass of wood fuel not burned x 0.48 x 44/12 = n
>
> Because the corn stover is normally a 100% loss any wood saved by the char
> is creditable as above.
>
> With some trouble and measurements you should be able to get some
> additional credit for burning the stover with lower emissions of gases and
> PM. You have to quantify the emissions for both cases. It is probably worth
> it.
>
> I hope this helps
> Crispin
> ------------------------------
> *From:* Stoves <stoves-bounces at lists.bioenergylists.org> on behalf of K
> McLean <kmclean56 at gmail.com>
> *Sent:* Saturday, January 27, 2024 8:32:00 PM
> *To:* Discussion of biomass cooking stoves <
> stoves at lists.bioenergylists.org>
> *Subject:* Re: [Stoves] ***SPAM*** Re: ***SPAM*** Carbon credits for
> briquettes that replace charcoal in Africa
>
> Hi Crispin,
>
> I was unclear, I'm sorry.  In East Africa we make char using the top down
> burn of piles of maize stalks.  These farmers traditionally burn
> their maize stalks by lighting the pile on the side.  Here is a video
> <https://youtu.be/YJYDyRkK-Qg> showing the difference between the
> traditional burn (left pile) and the top down burn of maize stalks (pile on
> the right).  There is obviously a reduction in emissions by lighting the
> pile on the top.  To make char for briquettes, the embers are quenched with
> water when the fire starts to go down.  I think it is clear that there is a
> reduction in emissions in making char this way compared to the traditional
> method of burning maize stalks.
>
> So the question then is the CO2e emitted in making charcoal in an earthen
> mound.  The FAO determined it to be 10 tonnes of CO2e per tonne of charcoal.
>
> Kevin
>
> On Sat, Jan 27, 2024 at 10:16 PM Crispin Pemberton-Pigott <
> crispinpigott at outlook.com> wrote:
>
> Dear Kevin
>
> That figure represents the emission of CO2 and the gases with a CO2
> equivalent. It does not represent a net reduction available. Charcoal is
> made from biomass which is made almost entirely from CO2 originating in the
> atmosphere.
>
> A carbon credit is available for a documentable permanent reduction in
> emission of one ton of CO2. It the wood is harvested from a sustainable
> source there is no credit available because everything harvested is going
> to regrow. If only a fraction of the harvested biomass grows back (which
> varies within regions and locales) then a “fraction of non-renewable biomass ”
> (fNRB) can be calculated from assessment(s).  The available credits are 10
> tons x fNRB = n.
>
> If the fNRB value is 5% the answer is 0.5 tons credit per 10 tons of
> avoided charcoal production.
>
> If you are making briquettes as the alternative, there are two added
> considerations. One is the energy used to make the briquettes and the other
> is the efficiency of the substitute fuel. In general charcoal stoves are
> more efficient than briquette stoves.  The 0.5 ton credit will be factored
> by methods of Article 6.2 and 6.4 of the Paris Agreement for the lower fuel
> efficiency of the briquette stove if it is indeed lower. If it is higher,
> then there is a credit gain.
>
> Under Article 6 many or maybe all countries had their fNRB values reduced
> considerably. Under CDM many were pretty arbitrary. And high. Not anymore.
>
> Let’s look at the FAO's number:
>
> One dry ton of wood is about 48% carbon, or 480 kg. Traditional charcoal
> production is ~12%-15% yield these days. It does vary so check because
> there is a big difference between 8% and 20%. At 15% yield the carbon is
> ~81% of 15% of 1000 kg. That is 121.5 kg of carbon. The difference between
> that and 480 was emitted: 385.5 carbon emitted as 1314.5 kg CO2. That's a
> lot less than 10,000 kg.
>
> They must be counting the PM mass with a large multiplier. I have no idea
> what numbers they will use for that. Remember they should be using a 100
> year calc because it says CO2e.  We can't prove how they got to ten tons.
>
> So all said and done that is how credits are generated.
>
> Best regards
> Crispin
> ------------------------------
> *From:* Stoves <stoves-bounces at lists.bioenergylists.org> on behalf of K
> McLean <kmclean56 at gmail.com>
> *Sent:* Saturday, January 27, 2024 6:07:04 PM
> *To:* Stoves and Biofuels Network <stoves at lists.bioenergylists.org>
> *Subject:* [Stoves] ***SPAM*** Carbon credits for briquettes that replace
> charcoal in Africa
>
> Is anyone getting these?
>
> FAO <https://www.fao.org/3/i6934e/i6934e.pdf> says that 10 tonnes of CO2e
> are caused by the production of 1 tonne of charcoal in the typical earthen
> mound kiln common in Africa.   If this is correct, one tonne of briquettes
> should fetch 10 carbon credits.
>
> Kevin McLean
> Sun24
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