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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-CA link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Dear Martin<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Apparently I am a non-smoker!<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>And it’s true.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Crispin<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=DE style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Dears,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=DE style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:18.0pt'><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Some CO-facts, you may know, but I think the sight on that sharpens our feeling about that:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:18.0pt'><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:18.0pt'><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>- In smokers about 10% to 15% of haemoglobin is occupied by CO. Due to that, there is a higher hematokrit (more red blood-cells than normal). (already discussed)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>-<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>If someone lives on high altitudes; this person gets adapted by getting more red blood-cells (already known). If a smoker (living on sea-level ) travels to higher altitude (with his higher hematokrit) and he/she has serious difficulties to breathe she/he will stop to smoke or smokes less. By that the CO level falls at least within 24 hours, but her/his hematokrit-adaption due to CO still remains, and is needed and already available for the lower O2 partial-pressure on high levels. -Mountaineers need some days to adapt their hematokrit to higher altitude. They have to stay in a high-level-camp for some days. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>-<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>I think, possibly do smokers know/feel if they smoke too much in aspect of high level of CO and to low adaption of the hematokrit. Certainly they have the same signs as light CO-poisoning ( and it is a poisoning in realty).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>-<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Coal-miners work under higher CO-atmosphere condition within the mine. Their body responses even with adaption to higher hematokrit. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>-<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> Mind, persons with low hematokrit are serious poisoned by lower CO-concentrations, than persons with normal hematokrit. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>-<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>During pregnancy the baby suffers from low oxygen-transport due to mothers blood-CO-rising by smoking. -Fetal hemoglobin has not the 250-times bigger affinity to maternal-hemoglobin as CO. If it was so the hemoglobin would not allow to untie the O2 for the tissue, where it is needed.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>-<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>To decide if some concentration of CO is dangerous, there are a lot of aspects which aggravate or mitigate the situation and these facts can summarize or diminish the poisoning effect. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>-<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Concentration in the aspired air, duration of that aspiration, forced or not forced respiration ( e.g. physical work forces respiration; rest lowers respiration), condition of the hematokrit (adaption with high hematokrit in contrary loss of blood by bleeding ) adaptation or not of the body to low hematokrit (e.g. by chronical lack of haemoglobin or sudden loss of blood. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>-<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>It is very important to be aware of such summarizing effects and which those are, to get a feeling of the actual poisoning effect of CO for a real person under the conditions in the circumstances of that real minute. It can be at the same time ignorable for one person and deadly for another.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>-<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>By googling you will get a lot of information all about that. In German there is, but I am sure in English as well. It is worth to do so, to get a more realistic approach to CO and its danger. At least the mind is sharpened to be aware of some unnoticed dangerous small circumstances, making a big difference in poisoning effect.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span class=normal><b><span lang=EN-GB>CO-average in expired air:</span><o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span class=normal><b><span lang=EN-GB> (Source: <a href="http://www.nichtraucher-wiesbaden.de/informationen/messgeraete/kohlenmonoxidmegeraet.html">http://www.nichtraucher-wiesbaden.de/informationen/messgeraete/kohlenmonoxidmegeraet.html</a> )<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span class=normal><span lang=EN-GB>1 bis 3 ppm not-smokers</span></span><span lang=EN-GB><br><span class=normal>4 bis 9 ppm passive-smokers <o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span class=normal><span lang=EN-GB>6 bis 20 ppm few-smoker <o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span class=normal><span lang=EN-GB>21 bis 100 ppm much-smoker <o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span class=normal><span lang=EN-GB><o:p> </o:p></span></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span class=normal><span lang=EN-GB>Reason for CO-synthesis in body:<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span class=normal><span lang=EN-GB>(<a href="http://www.bgbau.de/d/co_vergiftung/service/_PDF_PPS/kaefferlein1.pdf">http://www.bgbau.de/d/co_vergiftung/service/_PDF_PPS/kaefferlein1.pdf</a> )<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span class=normal><span lang=EN-GB> ( main-reason: decomposing of haemoglobin)<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span lang=DE style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>Die wichtigste endogene Quelle (endogen heißt dabei, nicht von außen in den Körper<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span lang=DE style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>getragen, sondern im Körper selbst generiert), ist der Hämoglobinabbau, d.h. wenn der rote Blutfarbstoff<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=DE style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>abgebaut wird und dabei CO im Körper entsteht.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=DE style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>Regards<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>Martin<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div></body></html>