<html><head><base href="x-msg://292/"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space; ">And If you give me a recipe for crepes, I will assure you of a mushy pancake while my wife and sons all do pretty good job of it..same recipe...<div><br></div><div>Not to be faceious Timothy but with this kind of process it is ALL about how the resources are pre tested processed, blended and pressed. It is also very much to do with how they are combusted, as Otto says.</div><div><br></div><div>I just got back to Oregon US, from a 53 person a briquette producers conference in east Africa. The attendees for the most part are folks who make their living selling the product in their respective local markets-- in direct competition with charcoal and wood. </div><div>Several had issues with smoke but several others did not. Lots had really good stoves some were floundering..and these ere with simlar blends in many cases.</div><div>The same blends of one supplier would perform wonderfully in a select stove and smoke in another.</div><div><br></div><div><u></u>If you want to see hat happens when you attempt a study of C, CO and particulates look at these: </div><div>• Joel Chaney did a study of combusiton as part of his doctoral studies in engineering at Nottingham University UK. google same name / briquetting and/or search through the university itself...</div><div>• Rok Oblak has a different blend tested at Approvecho (google rok stoves) or check the archives in this group. </div><div>• Prof Owen McDougal (Chemistry) did bom calorimetry studies of the standard agro residue and waste paper blends and publised that in the Journal of Chemical Innovations of the American Chemical Society, Feb 2000 issue. The journal is now out of print but maybe the ACS can get you a reprint of the artical.</div><div><br></div><div>The point is however, that all of these assessments give different results. </div><div><div><br></div><div>All I can say is that its a whole lot more complicated when you try to average results and conclude anything of subtance without a very detailed look at the very local circumstances of each activity. We can dive into an exhaustive analysis but really, it will have little to do with the local producer 's specific methods and adaptation to their respective local markets. </div><div><br></div><div>What we have come to understand lots about, however, are <u>the principles behind good briquettemaking. </u> We have this pretty much detailed in or Users Producers Manual on our website. more recently with asistanc form Robert Williams of the Gorilla Consevation project in the DRC, we addressed in som detial the issue of smoke in briquettes and how to minimise it. </div><div> </div><div>If you like though, please just send me the detailed step by step procedure you used..with as many photos of each step, as you can...We'll try to go from there.</div><div><br></div><div>Kind regards, </div><div><br></div><div>Richard Stanley</div><div><a href="http://www.legacyfound.org">www.legacyfound.org</a></div><div><u><br></u></div><div><div><br></div><div>On Dec 4, 2010, at 4:13 AM, Timothy Roy Longwell wrote:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><blockquote type="cite"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; font-family: Verdana; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-size: medium; "><div lang="ES" link="blue" vlink="purple"><div class="WordSection1" style="page: WordSection1; "><div style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">Greetings,<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "><o:p> </o:p></span></div><div style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">Has anyone else done emissions evaluations of briquettes? We have found that briquettes made of a) sawdust, b) grass and c) pine needles (with newspaper as the binding agent) have higher carbon monoxide and dioxide and PM when compared with pine fire wood.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "><o:p> </o:p></span></div><div style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">Regards,<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "><o:p> </o:p></span></div><div style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><i><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Cambria, serif; color: rgb(0, 176, 80); ">Ing. Timothy Roy Longwell</span></i><i><span style="color: rgb(0, 176, 80); "><o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><i><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Cambria, serif; color: rgb(0, 176, 80); ">Profesor Asociado de la Carrera de Desarrollo Socioeconómico y Ambiente,</span></i><i><span lang="ES-HN" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 176, 80); "><o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><i><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Cambria, serif; color: rgb(0, 176, 80); ">Jefe de la Empresa Universitaria Forestales</span></i><i><span lang="ES-HN" style="color: rgb(0, 176, 80); "><o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><i><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Cambria, serif; color: rgb(0, 176, 80); ">E. A. P. El Zamorano</span></i><i><span lang="ES-HN" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 176, 80); "><o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><i><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Cambria, serif; color: rgb(0, 176, 80); ">Honduras, América Central</span></i><i><span lang="ES-HN" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 176, 80); "><o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "><o:p> </o:p></span></div><div style="border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(181, 196, 223); border-top-width: 1pt; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; "><div style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; ">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; "><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="mailto:stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org" style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline; ">stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>[mailto:stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org]<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><b>On Behalf Of<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></b>Anand Karve<br><b>Sent:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Saturday, December 04, 2010 5:09 AM<br><b>To:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Discussion of biomass cooking stoves<br><b>Subject:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Re: [Stoves] Forest residues use, as applied to the wet process /low pressure, hand briquettemaking, briquetter....<o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><o:p> </o:p></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">Dear Richard,<o:p></o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">agricultural residues are difficult to collect from the field if the crop is harvested using a combine harvester. But in most farms in India, the harvesting is done manually and the threshing is done on a threshing floor. In such a case, a huge quantity of residue accumulates near the threshing floor. The officials of the Department of Agriculture recommend that the residues be either composted or spread back on the field to rot there. But the farmers burn the residues instead. Since the residues are present at one place in relatively large quantities, one can think of briquetting them either as such or after charring them. <o:p></o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">Yours<o:p></o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">A.D.Karve<o:p></o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">On Fri, Dec 3, 2010 at 10:21 PM, Richard Stanley <<a href="mailto:rstanley@legacyfound.org" style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline; ">rstanley@legacyfound.org</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></div></div><blockquote style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-width: 1pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 6pt; margin-left: 4.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; "><div><div style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">The resource picture as applied to wet process briquetting, would tend to see the actual forest resource data a bot more selectively, because they will just be picking off the leaf and twig faction... <o:p></o:p></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><o:p> </o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">Even at that, few producers, working in their local capacity as self contained and sustained, unsubsidized entrepreneurships, will go around raking up leaves off a forest floor because it's simply too much work ! They and we here in Obamaland-- for our own household, will generally just look for this stuff where its windblown in depressions or other natural areas of wind deposition (corners of buildings, curbs, trenches, gullies etc)...These places are, nicely enough, usually locations where the leaf extraction is both aesthetically friendly and environmentally neutral, because their removal cleans up the environment and has little to zero impact on soil tilth..<o:p></o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><o:p> </o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">Even at that however, ag residues are only part of the resource. <o:p></o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">Why ? Simple economy of effort. Most of us will prefer to seek out readily available commercial processing wastes ( sawdust/ rice husks / charcoal crumbs/ waste paper and selected cartonboard residues) as these do not require fermentation and / or entensive retting. <o:p></o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><o:p> </o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">The ag residue blending part requires greater skills in handling too: Its for Briquetting 202<o:p></o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><o:p> </o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">Pressing on,<o:p></o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><o:p> </o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">Richard Stanley<o:p></o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">back home in Obamaland<o:p></o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><o:p> </o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "> <o:p></o:p></div><div><div><div style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">On Dec 3, 2010, at 3:38 AM, Crispin Pemberton-Pigott wrote:<o:p></o:p></div></div><div style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><br><br><o:p></o:p></div><div><div><div><div style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">Dear Ron and Richard</span><span lang="EN-CA"><o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "> </span><span lang="EN-CA"><o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">I have seen it writ here and there that 50% of the biomass of a commercially managed forest remains on the forest floor after harvesting (branches, leaves and stumps). It is often raked into rows and burned to prevent fires later.</span><span lang="EN-CA"><o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "> </span><span lang="EN-CA"><o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">Regards</span><span lang="EN-CA"><o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">Crispin</span><span lang="EN-CA"><o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "> </span><span lang="EN-CA"><o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div><div><div style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span lang="EN-CA"> <o:p></o:p></span></div></div></div></div><div style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; ">_______________________________________________<br>Stoves mailing list<br><br>to Send a Message to the list, use the email address<br>Stoves mailing list<br><br>to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page<br><a href="http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank" style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline; ">http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br><br>for more Biomass Cooking Stoves, News and Information see our web site:<br><a href="http://www.bioenergylists.org/" target="_blank" style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline; ">http://www.bioenergylists.org/</a><br><a href="mailto:Stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank" style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline; ">Stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br><a href="http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank" style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline; ">http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org</a><o:p></o:p></span></div></div></div><div style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><o:p> </o:p></div></div></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><br>_______________________________________________<br>Stoves mailing list<br><br>to Send a Message to the list, use the email address<br>Stoves mailing list<br><br>to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page<br><a href="http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank" style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline; ">http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br><br>for more Biomass Cooking Stoves, News and Information see our web site:<br><a href="http://www.bioenergylists.org/" target="_blank" style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline; ">http://www.bioenergylists.org/</a><br><a href="mailto:Stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org" style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline; ">Stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br><a href="http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank" style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline; ">http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org</a><o:p></o:p></p></blockquote><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><br><br clear="all"><br>--<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><br>***<br>Dr. A.D. Karve<br>President, Appropriate Rural Technology Institute (ARTI)<br><br>*Please change my email address in your records to:<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="mailto:adkarve@gmail.com" style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline; ">adkarve@gmail.com</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>*<br><br><br><o:p></o:p></p></div>_______________________________________________<br>Stoves mailing list<br><br>to Send a Message to the list, use the email address<br>Stoves mailing list<br><br>to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page<br><a href="http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org" style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline; ">http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br><br>for more Biomass Cooking Stoves, News and Information see our web site:<br><a href="http://www.bioenergylists.org/" style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline; ">http://www.bioenergylists.org/</a><br><a href="mailto:Stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org" style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline; ">Stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br><a href="http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org" style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline; ">http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br></div></span></blockquote></div><br></div></body></html>