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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-CA link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Dear Richard Et Al<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Valuable contribution. Thanks.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>There was a Peace Corps volunteer in Uganda in 1976-ish whose next move was to Mbabane, Swaziland in about 1978. He wrote a booklet for PC on how to use the wash water from cow dung to make what they called something like dung-water. It was prepared in pits. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Two pits are dug side by side with a short connecting canal. The dung is put into one pit and it is nearly filled with water. After about 10 days more water is slowly added and the very top layer flows into the second pit. This water is collected over a time and mixed with certain select clays. The acid in the dung water reacts with the clays and sets like concrete. It is hard enough to make house foundations (which do not need to be very strong) and to take water running over the surface, such as drains around the house.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>What might be useful is to briquette the remains of the initial operation. Some plants like sisal produce a lot of acidic run-off when processed. This could probably be used for the same building purposes. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Back to the goat’s ‘business’. Will goat dung be substantially different in chemistry and energy that cattle dung? I expect so – just wondering.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Thanks<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Crispin<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal>AD, Crispin, Frank, Kevin and all others concerned with dung briquettes, <o:p></o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>While in Arusha Tanzania recently, I discovered that one of the lead briquette trainers in Kenya, Francis Kavita, has been teaching the Masaai how to make co dung briquettes for the past several months. Your insights, Kevin and frank about carcinogens/ chloride blindness etc are intersting and I have duely passed them on to Francis. <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>As to dilution of nasty compounds the normal wet low pressure briquetting process uses water--- but rarely is anything wasted in the process. The water expelled for the cylinder on compression, is recycled as well. <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>However the practice of washing away unwanted elements is common to briquetters as it is to conventional washing of seeds, beans cassava and other plant material in traditional food preparation. In briquetting, certain carcinogenic and foul smelling glues in certain types of cartonboard are diluted nad washed off this way. There is no real reason that the same technique could be applied for preparing "clean cow dung" as well.<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> Will revert back to the group with what Francis says about all this..when he next finds a nearby internet cafe with electricity or at least petrol for their generator. <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Thanks again though for the insights.<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Richard Stanley <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div></div></body></html>