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<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>Dear Crispin</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>Dung washing in cold climates will be a very
different matter than will be dung washing in the tropics, where there is warmth
all year for sun drying moist dung, whether washed or unwashed. Also, the use of
chimneys will certainly lessen health hazards.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>The villain that makes the dioxins is chlorine
present in the fuel. A very simple test for the presence of halogens (e.g.,
chlorine and fluorine) is to insert a piece of copper wire in the flame, to get
it red hot. If halogens are present, the flame will turn green. This could be a
helpful initial test, to determine if it is worth the high cost of testing for
dioxins. Dioxins cannot exist, if chlorine is not present.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>Best wishes,</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>Kevin</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE
style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 2px solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px"
dir=ltr>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial">----- Original Message ----- </DIV>
<DIV
style="FONT: 10pt arial; BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; font-color: black"><B>From:</B>
<A title=crispinpigott@gmail.com href="mailto:crispinpigott@gmail.com">Crispin
Pemberton-Pigott</A> </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>To:</B> <A
title=stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org
href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org">'Discussion of biomass cooking
stoves'</A> </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Sent:</B> Tuesday, December 07, 2010 8:53
AM</DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Subject:</B> Re: [Stoves] Drawing down the
dung pile</DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV class=WordSection1>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="COLOR: #1f497d">Dear
Kevin<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="COLOR: #1f497d"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="COLOR: #1f497d">I am not repeating your many
comments. They were all useful. Thanks. The places where dung will be used as
fuel is where they are in use already. In other words it is not worth at this
early stage planning on cleaning the fuel too much unless it assist
combustion. We can work in stages: continued gathering of scattered data,
working on anything that burns better, then tuning the fuel and the stove to
produce a combination that is acceptable.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="COLOR: #1f497d; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="COLOR: #1f497d; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA">What should happen is that
the present system is evaluated for emissions as a baseline and the stove
checked to make sure they ‘cause no harm’ beyond what is there now. Something
we expect is that the flame temperature will be higher as the gases are burned
more efficiently in lower excess air. If the chemistry suggests that dioxins
will be higher (or high enough to be a concern for the local environment) then
it needs to be quantified and limited.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="COLOR: #1f497d; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="COLOR: #1f497d; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA">Regards<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="COLOR: #1f497d; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA">Crispin<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<P>
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<P class=avgcert align=left color="#000000">No virus found in this
message.<BR>Checked by AVG - <A
href="http://www.avg.com">www.avg.com</A><BR>Version: 10.0.1170 / Virus
Database: 426/3302 - Release Date: 12/07/10</P></BLOCKQUOTE></BODY></HTML>