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<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>Dear Anand</FONT></DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE
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<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial">----- Original Message ----- </DIV>
<DIV
style="FONT: 10pt arial; BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; font-color: black"><B>From:</B>
<A title=adkarve@gmail.com href="mailto:adkarve@gmail.com">Anand Karve</A>
</DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>To:</B> <A
title=stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org
href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org">Discussion of biomass cooking
stoves</A> </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Sent:</B> Sunday, December 19, 2010 11:19
PM</DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Subject:</B> Re: [Stoves] [biochar] Capturing
carbon in the timber industry</DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV>Dear Kevin,</DIV>
<DIV>the need of the hour is fuel. By leaving the branches, leaves and bark
lying on the forest floor, you sacrifice a large amount of energy. </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV># Yes, there is indeed a large amount of energy left behind. Here in Nova
Scotia, the general rule for natural coniferous pulpwood harvesting is that
there is about 1/2 the total tree mass left behind as slash, after a clearcut
harvesting. Generally there would be less slash from a sawlog clearcut.</DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV>The soil has enough minerals to support forestry and agriculture
indefinitely. These minerals have very low solubility in water, and therefore
the root hairs of the plants are not able to absorb them efficiently, but the
soil micro-organisms can absorb them much more efficiently, because they
absorb through their entire cell surface. The microbes then make the mineral
nutrients available to plants. It is an accepted fact that there exists a
positive correlation between the number of soil microbes per g soil and the
soil fertility. Applying about 50 kg green leaves to the soil, once every
three months, is enough to maintain a high microbial population density in the
soil. </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial># Supplying organic matter to the soil to support
the necessary life-forms is indeed important. In locations where the relative
cost of labor is low and the cost of energy is high, different "rules" make
sense, compared to such places as Canada, the US and New Zealand,
where labor costs are relatively high, and the value of the slash, as either
energy of charcoal, is low. Additionally, in India, with manual harvesting,
smaller diameter wood is much easier to collect than larger wood, while here
in Nova Scotia, the smaller wood, being much more labor intensive, is left
behind. </FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial># Additionally, much of our forest cover, in
our Northerly location, is coniferous, and don't have the leaf fall to
replenish the soil organic matter that deciduous trees provide. I don't think
there is "one solution", but rather, a number of solutions that would depend
on the site specific circumstances. However, having said that, if one "general
solution" was proposed, then it would probably be best to err by leaving more
slash behind, rather than removing too much.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>Best wishes,</FONT></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>Kevin</FONT> </DIV></DIV><FONT size=2
face=Arial></FONT></BLOCKQUOTE>
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<DIV><BR>Yours</DIV>
<DIV>Anand<BR></DIV>
<DIV class=gmail_quote>On Sun, Dec 19, 2010 at 12:30 PM, Kevin <SPAN
dir=ltr><<A
href="mailto:kchisholm@ca.inter.net">kchisholm@ca.inter.net</A>></SPAN>
wrote:<BR>
<BLOCKQUOTE
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class=gmail_quote>
<DIV style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #fff" bgcolor="#ffffff">
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>Dear John</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>Leaving the tops, limbs, and stump on site
after harvesting is probably a good thing, especially if the slash is driven
over by the harvesting machinery. Crushing it down helps it to return
organic matter to the soil, and minimize the fire hazard if it is allowed to
dry without contact with the ground.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>Something like 90% of the nutrients in a tree
are in the branches and leaves or needles, and it is a big mistake to remove
them from the site. It can lead to rapid nutrient depletion. Removing the
stumps for their biomass loosens the ground excessively, and can aggravate
possible erosion problems. </FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>"Natural" stands, in contrast to plantations,
invariably have a range of tree species, some of which have commercial
value, and some of which don't. It makes sense to harvest the
"unmerchantable stems" for fuel or charcoaling purposes. However,
leaving the tops, limbs, leaves/needles and stumps seems to
be a good step toward sustainable forest management.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>Best wishes,</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>Kevin Chisholm</FONT></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE
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<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial">----- Original Message ----- </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial; BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4"><B>From:</B> <A
title=jn@cloudworld.co.uk href="mailto:jn@cloudworld.co.uk"
target=_blank>John Nissen</A> </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>To:</B> <A title=biochar@yahoogroups.com
href="mailto:biochar@yahoogroups.com"
target=_blank>biochar@yahoogroups.com</A> </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Cc:</B> <A
title=rongretlarson@comcast.net href="mailto:rongretlarson@comcast.net"
target=_blank>Ron Larson</A> ; <A title=Biochar-production@yahoogroups.com
href="mailto:Biochar-production@yahoogroups.com"
target=_blank>Biochar-production</A> ; <A
title=stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org
href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org" target=_blank>Discussion
biomass</A> ; <A title=rongretlarson@comcast.net
href="mailto:rongretlarson@comcast.net" target=_blank>Ron Larson</A>
</DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Sent:</B> Saturday, December 18, 2010
6:21 PM</DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Subject:</B> [biochar] Capturing carbon
in the timber industry</DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV><SPAN> </SPAN>
<DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV>
<P><BR>Hi all,<BR><BR>I've just had a month's holiday in New Zealand,
where forestry is big <BR>business, and was horrified by the way they
apparently left wood debris <BR>on the ground after taking the timber
away. They also left stumps in <BR>the ground to rot away. Has any thought
been given into capturing the <BR>carbon left after the timber is removed?
It must be a major source of <BR>CO2 and
methane.<BR><BR>Cheers,<BR><BR>John<BR><BR></P></DIV>
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