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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-CA link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Dear Martin<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Thanks for the references (there seems to be a lot more but editing the name didn’t find it).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>></span><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Cover-sheet with the description for the intention of the insert (“Einsatz”) <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><a href="http://www.collection-appareils.fr/brevet/Kaftanski/DE423728/page1.pdf">http://www.collection-appareils.fr/brevet/Kaftanski/DE423728/page1.pdf</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>></span><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Drawings with description:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><a href="http://www.collection-appareils.fr/brevet/Kaftanski/DE423728/page2.pdf">http://www.collection-appareils.fr/brevet/Kaftanski/DE423728/page2.pdf</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>I want to saw that ‘back in those days’ people did not have very good measuring equipment and as a result stoves were not very clean burning, even when people thought they were.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>I have not yet seen a single stove over 30 years old that has good combustion throughout its cycle. I realise that is limited to what I have seen and is defined by my interpretation of the word ‘good’. However, the most interesting thing is how close they were to have good systems for burning all sorts of fuels, and how we are finally able to tune them to be profoundly cleaner – often with small changes to air and containment.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>There is all sorts of weird and whacky and useful stove inventions and they are certainly an inspiration for the array of developers popping up all over the world. But I recommend not getting too excited about them as they are until some testing has been done to show what the emissions are in real use.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Having done an awful lot of testing myself it is clear that for nearly every stove there are magic moments when the conditions are just right and everything works perfectly, or nearly perfectly. Even a box full of coal will at some point have amazingly low CO and later, nearly no PM at all. In a big application (like a power station) those conditions are maintained continuously if possible. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>The impression given is that some device may be clean when things are going well. That is an achievement in itself. Modern equipment now shows that we need to take care, in particular, of the ignition emissions and quite often, the refuelling emissions. With some of the char producers, the tail end emissions can be an issue as well. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>One of the people attending the DoE meeting in Washington (Omar from Mexico) mentioned the use of a ‘burn cycle test’. This is basically when one analyses what people do in the field and reproduce the same burning cycle in the lab. Then develop the stove to lower the emissions when performing that cycle. We use exactly that approach in Ulaanbaatar so we will know what the in-field efficiency, fuel consumption and emissions will be.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>When examining these old stoves we could determine how they were supposed to be applied to cooking or heating problems and work out what the burn cycle was that they were addressing. Then test them to see how good they were. Stove usually refer to reduction in smoke and thermal efficiency. Then by applying what we now know about combustion, we could tune these devices to work well/better on the burn cycles of interest. Boiling water in one cycle, making tortillas is another. Heating a room, yet another.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>We may find in the haystack of ideas a glorious ‘needle’ that perfectly fits what we are after, even if we have to polish it up a bit.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Sawdust stoves would be so useful in many places because sawdust has been declared a hazardous material at many waste dumps (because it catches fire and burns underground). <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Has anyone seen sawdust burning stoves that seems to work reasonably well, or are they all plagued by rising thermal power, for example? I am hoping that some form of TLUD will work with really small sawdust particles because there is so much of it around.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Thanks<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Crispin <o:p></o:p></span></p></div></body></html>