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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Roger,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>We developed the efficiency and emissions protocols for heating appliances that you refer to in Oregon in the late 70s and adopted them in the early 1980s. They were later adopted by the EPA. We did the initial work in collaboration with other countries which adopted similar protocols. The $20,000 fees charged by OMNI and other labs are what we live with. Most stove companies use consultants or their own equipment to get preliminary numbers. The equipment used for improved cooking stoves (like the PEMS - Portable Emissions Monitoring System - available from Aprovecho Labs) are not a substitute for the EPA tests. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Our focus here is for cooking stoves for developing countries not domestic heating appliances. Domestic heating appliances get the higher efficiency at substantial costs, either for fuel preparation (pellets) or for controlling combustion and heat transfer. Here we try to achieve higher efficiency and lower emissions at very low costs but the appliances are for cooking, not heating, and the metrics are different. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Jim Jetter of EPA just presented a webinar testing done for cooking stoves, not domestic (US) appliances. See www.pciaonline.org<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Tom <o:p></o:p></span></p></div></body></html>