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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body bgcolor=white lang=EN-CA link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>Dear Kevin<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><blockquote style='border:none;border-left:solid black 1.5pt;padding:0mm 0mm 0mm 4.0pt;margin-left:3.75pt;margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:0mm;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><p class=MsoPlainText><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>></span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>The problem is that devious and misleading Stove Producers can quote results for their stove that give very low apparent CO levels, by simply increasing the dilution rate. <span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class=MsoPlainText><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoPlainText><span style='color:#1F497D'>Well the real problem is that stove builders mislead themselves. I think the testing is up to scratch these days, but there is so much misunderstanding that it leaks into all manner of decision making.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoPlainText><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoPlainText><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>>…</span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Recall your discussions about the general lack of meaning of some generally accepted stove testing methods.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><span style='color:#1F497D'>It is a lot more difficult than it first appears because we have three significant variables: fuel, stove structures and people cooking with both. They all vary and if testing is not reflective of these three variables, expect unexpected results.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoPlainText><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoPlainText><span style='color:#1F497D'>></span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Would your fundamental concern be addressed if <span style='color:#1F497D'>the </span>results were presented as:</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>"Grams of CO, and grams of Particulate Matter, per kG of fuel burned?" (or perhaps per MJ or BTU of energy content of <span style='color:#1F497D'>the</span> fuel?<span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class=MsoPlainText><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoPlainText><span style='color:#1F497D'>g/kg burned is common with vehicles power stations because the fuel is relatively constant. g/kg is not god for stoves because the emissions apply only to that fuel (wood?) at that moisture content. Change either, and the emission rate per kg is not relevant. For example how to you compare the Mayon Turbo stove and a Jiko, the former burning rice hulls and the latter pine charcoal briquettes? The obvious thing with a cooking stove is that people are going to continue burning until the food is cooked. This is an important guide. The absorbed heat (in the pot) is the important constant. The emissions per absorbed MJ are meaningful across all fuels, moisture contents, stoves and cooks. Once the water boils, there is something to compare.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoPlainText><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoPlainText><span style='color:#1F497D'>Maintaining the temperature during a simmer is also meaningful in terms of emissions, and fuel consumption., remembering that you can’t report the ‘efficiency’ doing that when simmering. One could be ‘warming’ food or ‘moderate boil’ and so on. The emissions can vary substantially across the power spectrum. That is what a heterogeneous test protocol is for: to report the performance across a realistic range on conditions.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><span style='color:#1F497D'>>></span>Great paper from Philip Hopke from Clarkson Univ. Some of you will remember him from the Bangkok roadmap conference: <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><a href="http://www.nyserda.org/publications/10_15_eval_energy_emissions_performance.pdf">http://www.nyserda.org/publications/10_15_eval_energy_emissions_performance.pdf</a><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><span style='color:#1F497D'>>></span>The future is small, very small!<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>></span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Very interesting Paper! Thanks</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoPlainText><span style='color:#1F497D'>He makes aetholometers for measuring Black Carbon nanoparticles. They are everywhere! He carries one sampler in his pocket and showed us there is BC in the air inside the airplane. He is also famous for using a propane soldering torch (constant fuel, same device) to show that at different settings of the throttle, he can get a very dirty or very clean burn. That shows the user and power setting are important parts of the emissions.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoPlainText><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoPlainText><span style='color:#1F497D'>Regards<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoPlainText><span style='color:#1F497D'>Crispin<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoPlainText><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></blockquote></div></body></html>